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	Fresh Kills - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Fresh Kills (from the Middle Dutch word kille, meaning "riverbed" or "water channel") is a stream and freshwater estuary in western Staten Island, New York.
		The watershed (basin) of the Fresh Kills drains much of the wet lowlands of the western portion of the island and flows into the Arthur Kill around the Isle of Meadow.
		The name Fresh Kills is often taken to mean the Fresh Kills Landfill, formerly the principal landfill of New York City, which closed in 2001.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresh_Kills (201 words)

	Staten Island Landfill: Fresh Kills
		The Isle of Meadows located at the mouth of the Fresh Kills Estuary is a source of ideal materials for herons constructing nests.
		Fresh Kills was unlined and it leached thousands of pounds of toxic chemicals and heavy metals into nearby waterways.
		Fresh Kills now remains the resting place of all the was destroyed at the during World Trade Center disaster.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~scintech/solid/silandfill.html (470 words)

	Fresh Kills - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Fresh Kills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Fresh Kills is the site of the world's largest refuse dump, a landfill for New York City waste four times the size of Central Park; by the early 1990s it had grown to a height of 61 m/200 ft, and attracted millions of birds to scavenge the refuse.
		Fresh Kills was originally surrounded by swampy pine forest, and its waters were an abundant source of shellfish.
		The manufacturing centre of Carteret, New Jersey, lies just across the Arthur Kill, while the area of Staten Island immediately north of the estuary's mouth is still known as Linoleumville, from a plant there that closed in the 1920s.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Fresh%20Kills (239 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - Leftovers
		Fresh Kills, the largest garbage landfill in the world, closed "forever" in March 2001 after being open for about 50 years.
		In contrast to other truck-fed city landfills, the waste at Fresh Kills was delivered by City-owned barges receiving material from City trucks dumping their payloads at the City's own transfer stations.
		Secondly, Fresh Kills was always viewed as being in a unique category as a municipal waste-disposal resource because of its incomparable 2,200-acre size.
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/6/freshkills.php (1748 words)

	New York's Newest Parkland - Fresh Kills - Wired New York Forum
		Fresh Kills, which takes its name not from its contents but the Dutch word for the creeks that meander through it, is, beyond its stigma, an ecosystem of woodlands and tidal marshes carved out by an Ice Age glacier.
		Fresh Kills was the world's most colossal dump when the city closed it in early 2001.
		Fresh Kills is one of 23 landscapes featured in "Groundswell: Constructing the Contemporary Landscape," which opens tomorrow at the Museum of Modern Art.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/showthread.php?t=4065 (4525 words)

	Fresh Kills Landfill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island, New York, was formerly the largest landfill in the world and the principal landfill of New York City in the later 20th century.
		The name "Fresh Kills" refers to its location along the banks of the Fresh Kills estuary in western Staten Island.
		Opened in 1948, it became one of the largest refuse heaps in human history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresh_Kills_Landfill (266 words)

	Fresh Kills:Landfill to Landscape
		Fresh Kills Landfill is located on the western shore of Staten Island.
		Located at the mouth of the Fresh Kills Estuary, the Isle of Meadows was first harvested for its salt hay.
		The Fresh Kills Estuary, designated by New York State as a Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitat, is one of the largest tidal wetland ecosystems in the region.
	www.ci.nyc.ny.us /html/dcp/html/fkl/ada/about/1_0.html (687 words)

	Fresh Kills - Department of City Planning
		Fresh Kills, at 2,200 acres, is almost three times the size of Central Park.
		New York’s New Parkland at Fresh Kills will be one of the most ambitious public works projects in the world, combining state of the art ecological restoration techniques with extraordinary settings for recreation, public art, and facilities for many sports and programs that are unusual in the city.
		Fresh Kills has the potential to become an international model of creative reuse that will transform how we experience vast, reclaimed urban landscapes.
	www.nyc.gov /freshkills (706 words)

	ATSDR- Health Consultation - Fresh Kills Municipal Landfill, Staten Island, New York
		The Fresh Kills landfill complex, covering over 2200 acres, is one of the largest municipal landfills operating in the United States.
		When a barge of refuse arrives at the Fresh Kills complex, it is scheduled for docking at one of two barge unloading facilities, both located along interior waterways of the landfill property.
		The barge unloading zones adjacent to the interior waterways of the Fresh Kills complex are in low-lying areas.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /hac/pha/staten/sta_p1.html (591 words)

	Fresh Kills Landfill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island New York was formerly the largest landfill in the world and the principal landfill of New York City in the 20th century.
		The name Fresh Kills refers to its location along the of the Fresh Kills estuary in western Staten Island.
		Starting in 2003 the site was to be transformed reclaimed wetlands recreational facilities and landscaped public the largest expansion of the New York parks since the development of the Bronx of parks in the 1890s.
	www.freeglossary.com /Fresh_Kills_Landfill (214 words)

	Fresh Kills Landfill
		The former land fill at Fresh Kills used to be the biggest dump in the world.
		For the 53 years that the landfill was in operation, Staten Island was known as the borough where the rest of New York City threw its trash on.
		For years, Islanders protested for the closing of the land fill, arguing that not only is it unbearable to live with, but they were also concerned that the dump was violating certain health issues.
	www.albany.edu /~jc5547/isp361/final/dump.html (348 words)

	ATSDR - PHA - Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island, Richmond County, New York
		The Fresh Kills Landfill will release organic chemicals, metals, and other pollutants to the air for years to come, but the amounts released are expected to decrease as dumping ceases and emission controls continue to be installed at the site.
		Not shown in Table 2 is the fact that the 1995 EPA study estimated that the Fresh Kills Landfill emitted 380 pounds of mercury and that the landfill's gas collection system processed 2,000 pounds of mercury (USEPA, 1995).
		According to the tables, surface waters and sediment near the Fresh Kills Landfill are contaminated with elevated levels of inorganics (e.g., ammonia and sulfates) and numerous metals (e.g., arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel).
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /HAC/PHA/freshkills/fkl_p2.html (10276 words)

	CLUI - Newsletter
		Fresh Kills consists of a 2,200 acre waterfront site on Staten Island, with four principal dump mounds (hill 1/9, 3/4, 2/8, and 6/7), with creeks, marshlands, and roads.
		Yes, Fresh Kills Dump is many things, and of all things, it is a vital resource, a prominent reminder of the other side of life.
		The six proposals for the Fresh Kills landfill redevelopment will be on display at the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences for much of December (located at 75 Stuyvesant Place, Staten Island.
	www.clui.org /clui_4_1/lotl/v22/v22a.html (433 words)

	ATSDR - PHA - Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island, Richmond County, New York
		ATSDR cannot be certain that emissions from the Fresh Kills Landfill did not pose a public health hazard in the past.
		Believed to be one of the largest landfills in the world, the Fresh Kills Landfill spans more than 2,000 acres of land along the western shore of Staten Island, New York (Weston, 1996a), and is located in an area of mixed residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational land uses (see Figure 1).
		A consistent theme among the community concerns is the suspicion that air emissions from the Fresh Kills Landfill (as opposed to releases to local groundwater, surface water, and soils) were leading to unhealthy levels of air pollution, and eventually to adverse health effects among residents.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /HAC/PHA/freshkills/fkl_p1.html (3479 words)

	Mierle Laderman Ukeles at the Newhouse Center - Review by Donald Goddard
		Ukeles refigured her own piece in three parts, asking "is all this footage, shot before September 11, irrelevant?" The first part, to last for the traditional mourning period of 30 days, eliminated all sound and shut down the interviews, out of respect and the need to create a space to listen to each other.
		For the next ten years or so she will be working with ecologists, engineers, park planners, social historians, and others to create something new out of this strange amalgam of water, marsh, woodland, waste, and factory that covers 2,200 acres and has been filling the nostrils and possibly sickening Staten Island residents since 1948.
		If it is to change, if the Kills is to become something that enhances life (further), that relieves people of the burden, everything should be known, and that is precisely how Ukeles approaches the project.
	www.newyorkartworld.com /reviews/ukeles.html (779 words)

	SCHUMER: KEEP FRESH KILLS CLOSED
		In 1997, Fresh Kills spewed 2,650 tons of methane gas daily – 5.7% of all U.S. methane emissions.
		Since Fresh Kills was closed, NYC trash has been shipped to landfills in other states.
		Fresh Kills is currently being used as a place to ship and inspect debris from the collapsed World Trade Center Towers.
	schumer.senate.gov /SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR00881.html (423 words)

	Fresh Kills -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Fresh Kills is a stream and freshwater (The wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix) estuary in western (Click link for more info and facts about Staten Island, New York) Staten Island, New York.
		The watershed of the Fresh Kills drain much of the wet lowlands of the western portion of the island and flows into the (Click link for more info and facts about Arthur Kill) Arthur Kill around the (Click link for more info and facts about Isle of Meadow) Isle of Meadow.
		The south branch is Richmond Creek, which drains much of the central part of the island, with its headwaters near (Click link for more info and facts about Historic Richmond Town) Historic Richmond Town, on the southern end of the terminal (Accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier) moraine of the island.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/F/Fr/Fresh_Kills.htm (248 words)

	WorldChanging: Another World Is Here: Fresh Kills: An Unnatural Context
		Fresh Kills is the largest pile of (mostly) household waste in the world.
		It is composed of four mounds ranging in height from 90 to 225 feet, covering 2,200 acres, in/on the borough of Staten Island.
		The other reason for all this online detail is that Fresh Kills is being turned into "New York's New Parkland." This is not an uncommon fate for a landfill.
	www.worldchanging.com /archives/000525.html (1218 words)

	History of Garbage in New York City - Chapter 2
		the Fresh Kills Landfill covers 2,100 acres, and is so large it can be seen with the naked eye from space.
		But DOS eventually conceded Fresh Kills would have to close by 2017, and began planning how to cover and cap the entire landfill after it closes.
		For the residents in other boroughs, Fresh Kills was in that magical land called "Away," but for Staten Islanders, the landfill's odors and environmental problems were close at hand and became a top issue.
	www.johnmccrory.com /bags/history/history2.html (431 words)

	Garbage After Fresh Kills
		These were some of the designs submitted in a contest to transform the Fresh Kills landfill, which took most of the city's garbage until it was closed last March, into something ecologically sound, even beautiful.
		Since Fresh Kills closed last year, the city has contracted with four private companies to truck residential garbage to private waste transfer stations in Brooklyn and Queens and then to landfills and waste-to-energy incinerators out-of-state.
		However, re-opening Fresh Kills, even with reduced dumping, is a long shot, especially since Michael McMahon, a City Council member from Staten Island and adamant opponent of reopening Fresh Kills, is the new chairman of the Committee on Sanitation and Solid Waste Management.
	www.gothamgazette.com /iotw/garbage (2469 words)

	Taking Out the Trash (report)
		Fresh Kills on Staten Island is New York City's only remaining landfill and the largest in the world.
		The impending closure of Fresh Kills also caused alarm in far away neighborhoods in Pennsylvania, Virginia and elsewhere which for some time have been hosting landfills and incinerators receiving commercial waste from New York City.
		The closing of Fresh Kills presents New York City with both an opportunity and a danger.
	www.consumersunion.org /other/trash/trash2.htm (1249 words)

	Printer Friendly Version - Games at Fresh Kills? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Jumping over the Fresh Kills landfill hardly seems like an Olympic event - but it will be if New York gets the 2012 Summer Games.
		Fresh Kills, once the home of the world's largest landfill, will become the site of the largest expansion of the city's park system in more than 100 years.
		Fresh Kills was "where New Yorkers dumped the things that they didn't want," Bloomberg said yesterday at a news conference.
	www.nydailynews.com /news/local/v-pfriendly/story/251307p-215191c.html (171 words)

	Landfill News fresh kills landfill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		When you are looking for better advice concerning fresh kills landfill, it'll be complex separating superior advice from ill-equiped fresh kills landfill submissions and help so it's astute to know ways of moderating the information offered to you.
		A good pointer to follow when you are presented with information and suggestions on a fresh kills landfill web page is to find out who owns the site.
		This may divulge who is behind the site fresh kills landfill credentials The easiest way to reveal who owns the fresh kills landfill web site is to look on the 'about' page or the sites 'contact' page.
	www.international-news.info /landfill/fresh-kills-landfill.htm (229 words)

	NPR : Sorting WTC Debris at Fresh Kills Landfill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		NPR’s Chris Arnold went to the Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island, where police officers and FBI agents continue searching the last of the rubble as it’s brought over from the World Trade Center site.
		Then it’s brought to Fresh Kills by barge and truck, where the clumps of tangled metal and concrete are broken down using heavy machinery and vibrating belts.
		The job at Fresh Kills is almost over, but some have mixed feelings about it.
	www.npr.org /programs/morning/features/2002/may/freshkills/index.html (550 words)

	Satya May 96: Fresh Kills Landfill by Susan Kalev
		From my house in upper Manhattan, an area covered by 96 sanitation workers, the garbage travels to a marine transfer station at 135th Street on the Hudson Pier, is loaded onto barges pulled by tugboats which quietly deliver their cargo to the landfill on Staten Island.
		Once upon a time, the earth we stand on was a landfill, and eventually Fresh Kills itself will become public space with a park on top of it.
		As a special bonus on our tour we were allowed to peek into the Air Products and Chemicals Inc., a company that leases space from Fresh Kills in order to change methane into a high energy gas that then can be sold to Brooklyn Union Gas for energy to customers.
	www.satyamag.com /may96/kalev.html (1553 words)

	Fresh Kills Redesign Finalists Announced
		Through the Fresh Kills design competition, three finalists recently were selected to renovate the 2,200-acre landfill, located in Staten Island, N.Y. Initially, finalists went through a rigorous selection process that began with nearly 50 participants.
		The six were taken on a field trip to Fresh Kills on Sept. 6, 2001, plans were revised, and then the list was narrowed to three.
		Fresh Kills, which was closed in March 2001, was reopened last September to temporarily sort through the rubble and remains from the WTC attacks.
	wasteage.com /mag/waste_fresh_kills_redesign/index.html (559 words)

	[No title]
		For mortality data, as contrasted with incidence data, length of residence can be obtained, and is dependent on distance from the center of the Fresh Kills landfill.
		To determine if people living near the Fresh Kills and Brookfield Landfills had an elevated cancer incidence, age-adjusted rates of 14 cancer types for the years 1979-1988 were calculated and compared with cancer rates in the rest of Staten Island and with a demographically similar area in New York City.
		Extensive environmental monitoring has been performed since 1990 in ground-water, surface water and sediment in the vicinity of the Fresh Kills Landfill (Richmond County, N.Y.) to characterize the extent of environmental impact of leachate discharges from the landfill.
	www.library.csi.cuny.edu /dept/as/ces/abs1.htm (2256 words)

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