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Topic: Freshwater ecoregion

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	PART II - Ecoregion Unit Descriptions
		The Hecate Continental Shelf Ecoregion is the shallow oceanic area offshore of the Hecate Lowlands, south of the Alaska Panhandle and north of Vancouver Island.
		Freshwater fish include, rainbow trout (both native and introduced populations), lake trout, Dolly Varden, lake and mountain whitefish, Arctic grayling (in the Peace River watershed), longnose sucker, slimy sculpin and torrent sculpin.
		The Columbia Highlands Ecoregion is a rolling highland area that rises from highlands and isolated ridges on the west and south to culminate in higher mountains along the northeastern margin.
	srmwww.gov.bc.ca /ecology/ecoregions/humidtemp.html (6156 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Freshwater ecoregion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ecoregions are defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as "relatively large units of land or water containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change".
		Freshwater ecoregions are distinct from terrestrial ecoregions, which identify biotic communities of the land, and marine ecoregions, which are biotic communities of the oceans.
		Several freshwater ecoregions are listed in the Global 200, the WWF's priority ecoregions for conservation of biodiversity.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Freshwater_ecoregion.html (147 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Withdrawal of Proposed Rule To List the ...
		In addition, the significance and long-term success of freshwater cutthroat trout contributing to the saltwater migrant cutthroat trout may be largely dependent upon the ability of downstream habitat conditions and near-shore environments to support the persistence of this life history strategy.
		There is little information on population trends for resident or freshwater forms of cutthroat trout in the DPS, though populations in the Washington portion of the DPS appear to remain at levels comparable to healthy-sized populations, indicating that large-scale, long-term declines have not occurred at a landscape level.
		Therefore, based on the evidence that freshwater and isolated portions of the population are capable of producing anadromous migrants, we now conclude that freshwater and isolated portions of the coastal cutthroat trout population are mitigating risks to anadromous forms to some degree.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/2002/July/Day-05/e16579.htm (18323 words)

	Freshwater Biomes, Freshwater Habitats, Freshwater Ecosystem
		Currently we have delineated approximately 500 ecoregions, which are derived by aggregating and subdividing watersheds based on the distribution patterns of aquatic species.
		With watersheds as their foundation, the freshwater ecoregions can be effective units for conservation planning.
		The next steps are to assemble biodiversity and threat information for each ecoregion and to identify those ecoregions with globally outstanding features and those that remain most ecologically intact.
	www.worldwildlife.org /science/ecoregions/freshwater.cfm (178 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Use of landscape-level river signatures in conservation planning: a South African case study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The brief for the freshwater component of the study was to evaluate and consolidate current biodiversity information on the freshwater ecosystems to contribute to the drafting of an overall conservation plan for the GAENP.
		The typology of ecoregions is a hierarchical procedure involving the delineation of spatial units with a progressive increase in detail at each higher level of the hierarchy.
		Freshwater ecosystems that are grouped together within an ecoregion at any level of the hierarchy will be more similar to each other than to systems in other ecoregions at the same level of the hierarchy.
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /eco/vol6/iss2/art6/main.html (4832 words)

	Intern projects for 1 person
		Freshwater species are among the most imperiled worldwide, as a result of habitat fragmentation and loss, pollution, exotics, flow alterations, and other threats.
		Yet, most aquatic freshwater species rarely garner the attention that their imperiled status warrants, in part because they tend to be invisible beneath the water surface and often less charismatic compared to many of their terrestrial and marine counterparts.
		A large volume of literature exists on indicators of the health of freshwater systems, although these indicators are often not a direct measure of biodiversity status or are for use at scales much smaller than the typical ecoregion.
	www.geog.umd.edu /academic/jobs/042104.htm (2950 words)

	WWF Indochina Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Because ecoregions are designed as far as possible to be biologically coherent, it is possible to set more meaningful goals to conserve biodiversity that focus on populations, processes and ecological phenomena and threats important to the region.
		These 238 ecoregions, termed the Global 200, are a collection of the Earth's most outstanding and diverse terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats - areas where the Earth's biological wealth is most distinctive and rich, where its loss will be most severely felt, and where WWF must fight the hardest for conservation.
		The Forests of the Lower Mekong Ecoregion Complex (FLMEC) is the name given to the amalgamated unit of four terrestrial ecoregions that fall within the scope of WWF Greater Mekong's work.
	www.wwfindochina.org /conservation/eap-intro.htm (384 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Philippines Freshwater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ecoregion is unique in Asia because of the large number of fish species that have evolved from a few ancestral species to fill new habitats and new conditions over time.
		Freshwater flows from the northern Cordillera Central Mountains to the southernmost island of Mindanao.
		The Philippines Freshwater ecoregion supports two groups of related fish that can't be found anywhere else in the world.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/g200/g189.html (536 words)

	WWF South Pacific \| Freshwater Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Our Objective is that healthy freshwater ecosystems within the Pacific Island Region enhance the quality of life and Pacific Island people value nature at the source of water.
		Our Freshwater programme targets the protection of freshwater biodiversity in the sustainable management of freshwater ecosystems; the safeguarding of ecological processes in three large catchments and the changing of practices and policies in two key water using sectors in order to sustain the integrity of freshwater ecosystems.
		Laulevu and the Wakaverevere ponds are freshwater areas where the replanting of weaving grass into the ponds have caused great improvement in the lives and income earning capacity of a group of women who use the grass from the ponds.
	www.wwfpacific.org.fj /what_we_do/freshwater.cfm (356 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests (IM0162)
		This ecoregion represents the brackish swamp forests that lie behind the Sundarbans Mangroves [IM1406] where the salinity is more pronounced.
		The freshwater ecoregion is an area where the water is only slightly brackish and becomes quite fresh during the rainy season, when the freshwater plumes from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers push the intruding salt water out and also bring a deposit of silt (Champion and Seth 1968).
		According to Champion and Seth (1968), the freshwater swamp forests are characterized by Heritiera minor, Xylocarpus molluccensis, Bruguiera conjugata, Sonneratia apetala, Avicennia officinalis, and Sonneratia caseolaris, with Pandanus tectorius, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Nipa fruticans along the fringing banks (Champion and Seth 1968).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0162_full.html (890 words)

	Proceedings of the second international symposium on the management of large rivers for fisheries: Volume II
		An ecoregion is a large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities and environmental conditions.
		Ecoregion delineations are based on biogeography of freshwater taxa, with an emphasis on the distribution of freshwater fishes.
		Ecoregions that are the most data-poor in terms of biological information can be least suited to expert assessment, because the experts have a frustratingly small amount of information on which to base their decisions.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/ad526e/ad526e04.htm (5692 words)

	Priority-Setting For Biodiversity Conservation
		Therefore, an ecoregional priority-setting process is primarily intended to help guide the timing, sequence, and level of effort of different conservation activities, and not to diminish or deflect conservation efforts in areas of less immediate priority.
		The presence of such phenomena within a particular ecoregion may contribute to its distinctiveness, but focusing conservation efforts on just one or a few ecoregions may be ineffectual in conserving widespread or transient phenomena.
		The number and variety of threats to biodiversity are important to know for identifying and applying an appropriate suite of conservation activities to an ecoregion, but it is the cumulative impact of all threats that is of paramount importance for assessing trends in the viability and diversity of biological systems.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /earth-sun/science/biodiversity/paper2.html (4151 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests (IM0162)
		This ecoregion is nearly extinct, the victim of large-scale clearing and settlement to support one of the densest human populations in Asia.
		Ecoregion numbers of protected areas that overlap with additional ecoregions are listed in brackets.
		In keeping with our rules for defining ecoregions, we separated the freshwater swamp forests from the mangroves in the Ganges River delta and placed them in their own ecoregion, the Sundarbans Freshwater Swamp Forests [IM0162].
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0162_full.html (890 words)

	Eco Regions Quick Reference
		World Wildlife Fund Ecoregions represents global terrestrial and freshwater ecoregions defined as relatively large areas of land or water in the world that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions.
		It contains the terrestrial habitats and some freshwater habitats of the Global 200 ecoregions, a collection of the Earth's most outstanding and diverse terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats--areas where the Earth's biological wealth is most distinctive and rich, where its loss will be most severely felt, and where we must fight the hardest for conservation.
		Ecoregions are relatively large areas of land or water that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions.
	webgis.wr.usgs.gov /globalgis/metadata_qr/ecoregions.htm (280 words)

	Freshwater Ecoregion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		RALEIGH, NC (MARKET WIRE) The impressive research capabilities of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) area laboratories, along with complementary research conducted at North Carolina State University (NC State) and the University of North Carolina (UNC), were cited in the recent Environmental Partnership Summit as important elements for economic growth in the region.
		Freshwater ecoregions represents the freshwater habitats of a particular geographic area..
		Islands subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion of the Ryukyus is part of the Indomalaya...
	www.freshwaterecoregion.info (320 words)

	EPA-Ecoregion Publications
		Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio (2 sided color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs).
		Level III and IV ecoregions of Pennsylvania and the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Ridge and Valley, and Central Appalachians of Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland.
		The relationship of aquatic ecoregions, river basins, and physiographic provinces to the ichthyogeographic regions of Oregon.
	www.epa.gov /wed/pages/ecoregions/pub_list.htm (2202 words)

	WWF - Philippines Freshwater - A Global Ecoregion
		The streams and lakes of the Philippines freshwater ecoregion support high numbers of endemic species, particularly fish.
		This ecoregion was home to 30 endemic fish species, including a radiation of 18 endemic cyprinid species in Lake Lanao - all thought to have evolved from the spotted barb.
		Logging, mining, agriculture are serious threats to the water quality of the ecoregion's freshwater habitats.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/philippines_freshwater.cfm (274 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An estimate of pre-settlement freshwater wetland acreage might be obtainable from statewide soils data (acres of hydric soils).Because this is not an ecologically based benchmark, there is no scientific basis for setting an ecologically optimal value for the current benchmark (annual acreage gain/loss).
		Stratification of a benchmark on freshwater wetlands is possible and would be more informative if stratified by ecoregion and basinThe current benchmark is not ecologically based and provides only limited information about Oregon’s environmental health.
		Also, reporting annual permitted gains/losses in freshwater wetland acreage is thought to be an inaccurate assessment of actual changes, i.e., changes might be occurring outside of the permitting process.
	www.cof.orst.edu /cof/admin/Benchmarks/summary051702.doc (1725 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Guianan Freshwater (178) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Though poorly investigated, the rivers and streams of the Guianan Freshwater ecoregion are known to support a highly diverse and intact group of endemic animals.
		At the center of the Guianan Freshwater ecoregion is a series of mountain ranges, including the Acaraí, Pacaraima, and Tumucumaque.
		Agricultural activities contribute pesticides to the ecoregion’s waters, and industrial and domestic wastes have polluted much of the water on the coastal plain.
	wwfus.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wildworld/profiles/g200/g178.html (428 words)

	NYSDEC - Freshwater Wetlands Program
		DEC began a study in the mid-1990s to assess the current status and trends in freshwater wetlands resource in New York.
		The study compared mid-1980s and mid-1990s aerial photography for a sample of quadrangles in five ecological zones of the state to determine the amount of wetlands; gains, losses or changes in covertype; and to what those changes could be attributed.
		The wettest ecoregions are the Lake Plains and the Adirondacks.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/habitat/fwwprog3.htm (401 words)

	FWGSC > introduction
		Mazyck compiled a list of 43 freshwater gastropod species, citing an example locality if one was known to him or a published reference if he himself had made no confirming collection.
		In South Carolina the Blue Ridge Province is equivalent to the “Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest” ecoregion, and to USDA plant hardiness zone 7a (average annual minimum temperature 0 – 5°C).
		The Coastal Plain is equivalent to the “Outer Coastal Plain Mixed Forest” ecoregion and primarily zone 8a (10 – 15°C.) There is a small strip of USDA plant hardiness zone 8b (average annual minimum temperature 15 – 20°C) along the southern coast.
	www.cofc.edu /~dillonr/FWGSC/introduction.html (1193 words)

	WWF-Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Besides its natural beauty, its rich biological diversity patterns and being the vital freshwater source in the region, Beyşehir Lake and its environs is one of the most important wetlands of Turkey.
		Hence it lies between two terrestrial ecoregions; west and southwestern side is part of the Southern Anatolia and Middle East Mountain Conifer and Deciduous Forests Ecoregion 165, northern and eastern side is part of Central Anatolian Deciduous Forests Ecoregion 18.
		WWF-Turkey's vision for the Beyşehir Lake is of a healthy freshwater lake, rich in social and economic opportunities for local communities and with a healthy environment.
	www.wwf.org.tr /en/su_beysehir_main.asp (1169 words)

	WWF - Anatolian Freshwater - A Global Ecoregion
		This is where the weight of water combined with water seeping deep into the pores of the underlying rock strata changes the area's response to existing stresses.
		As compared to surrounding drier areas, the Anatolian freshwater ecoregion supports diverse freshwater habitats that include both running-water and lake environments.
		A number of endemic fish species within the ecoregion that are of conservation concern include the Alburnus akili, two subspecies of Capoeta capoeta, Chondrostoma holmwoodii, Leucalburnus kosswigi, Phoxinellus anatolicus, Phoxinellus egridiri, and Aphanius burduricus.
	panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/anatolian_freshwater.cfm (254 words)

	"WWF-Guianas" (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Her first major project was a conservation assessment of North America's freshwater ecoregions, which was published by Island Press in January 2000.
		She currently oversees a similar assessment of Africa's freshwater ecoregions; works on global-scale mapping of freshwater ecoregions; and helps develop ecoregion-based conservation strategies for a number of high-priority areas, including the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong River systems, the Southeast rivers and streams of the United States, and the Chihuahuan Desert.
		Robin has written a sourcebook on conducting freshwater ecoregion conservation that was distributed to all WWF offices in June 2002.
	www.wwfguianas.org.cob-web.org:8888 /expeditions_tapanahony_robin.htm (170 words)

	Scientists look at tropical freshwater fisheries conservation at conference in Brazil
		We report on a global assessment of the extent and quality of data available about populations of freshwater species, and change in the extent and condition of natural freshwater habitats and propose a suite of indicators that can be applied at multiple scales to fill some information gaps.
		The Amazon River and Floodplain Ecoregion is defined as those areas periodically or permanently flooded by freshwater in the Amazon basin.
		It highlights the most important areas of the ecoregion where efforts should be focused, and helps stakeholders to plan their strategies toward a co-management of varzea resources.
	news.mongabay.com /2005/0721-cbc_fisheries.html (9027 words)

	WWF - Guianan Freshwater - A Global Ecoregion
		The presence of all this freshwater creates the Guiana Current, a flow of surface water that's much warmer than the surrounding ocean water usually is.
		The coastal rivers of this ecoregion drain an area called the Guyana Shield and contain a wide range of flowing water habitats that include cataracts, rapids, and riparian flooded forests among others.
		The freshwater habitats of this ecoregion are relatively intact and support generally stable freshwater populations.
	panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/guianan_freshwater.cfm (296 words)

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