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Topic: Fresno Scraper

	Fresno Scraper Information
		The Fresno Scraper was invented in 1883 by the Scottish immigrant and entrepreneur James Porteous who, having worked with farmers in Fresno, California, had recognised the dependence of the Fresno Valley on irrigation and the requirement for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil.
		The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to not only scrape and move a quantity of soil, but also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually.
		Between 1884 and 1910 thousands of Fresno scrapers were produced at the Fresno Agricultural Works which had been formed by Porteous, and used in agriculture and land levelling, as well as road and railroad grading and the general construction industry.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Fresno_Scraper (334 words)

	Fresno Scraper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Fresno Scraper was invented in 1883 by the Scottish immigrant and entrepreneur James Porteous who, having worked with farmers in Fresno, California, had recognised the dependence of the Fresno Valley on irrigation and the requirement for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil.
		The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to not only scrape and move a quantity of soil, but also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually.
		Between 1884 and 1910 thousands of Fresno scrapers were produced at the Fresno Agricultural Works which had been formed by Porteous, and used in agriculture and land levelling, as well as road and railroad grading and the general construction industry.
	www.bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/f/fr/fresno_scraper.html (279 words)

	Scraper - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Whereas this term is often used for any unifacially flaked stone tool that defies classification, most lithic analysts maintain that the only true scrapers are defined on the base of use-wear, and usually are those which were worked from the distal ends of blades-- i.e., "end scrapers" or grattoirs.
		Other scrapers include the so-called "side scrapers" or racloirs, which are stuck from the longest side of a flake, and notched scrapers, which have a cleft on either side which may have been used to attach them to something else.
		Scrapers can be very efficient on short hauls where the cut and fill areas are close together and have sufficient length to fill the hopper.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Scraper (358 words)

	Fresno - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fresno is a municipality in the Department of Tolima.
		Fresno is a ghost village in Nidáliga, in the municipality of Valle de Sedano, in the province of Burgos).
		Aldea del Fresno is a municipality in province of Madrid).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresno (274 words)

	No. 353: The Fresno Scraper
		Fresno farmers had been using something called a buck scraper to move earth.
		Fresno Scrapers served the US army in WW-I. The two-horse model retailed for $28, yet today's bulldozer blades are its direct offspring.
		The Fresno Scraper is being designated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers History and Heritage Committee as an International Landmark.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi353.htm (499 words)

	James Porteous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Porteous (1848-1922) was the inventor of the Fresno Scraper.
		Having worked with farmers, Porteous recognised the dependence of the Fresno Valley on irrigation and the requirement for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil, and he went about the task of devising an earth moving scraper for that purpose.
		By 1883 he had invented the Fresno Scraper, the basic design of which forms the basis of most modern earth moving scrapers, having the ability to not only scrape and move a quantity of soil, but also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually.
	www.bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/j/ja/james_porteous.html (364 words)

	Fresno - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Fresno, a Spanish word for ash tree (from Latin fraxinus) is a common placename in Spanish speaking areas.
		Fresno de la Vega is a municipality in Ribera del Esla, in the province of León).
		Fresno el Viejo is a municipality in Tierra del Vino in the province of Valladolid).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /fresno.htm (309 words)

	Scraper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scraper is generally a tool that scrapes its edge along a surface to achieve some change such as the removal of material.
		in metalworking, a scraper is used to finish a metal surface.
		in computer programming, a scraper is a program which captures information from a display not intended for processing by computers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scraper (162 words)

	IN THE BEGINNING, there were 10 families of Germans from Russia, who arrived in Fresno, CA on June 19, 1887
		Fresno County had a real estate boom going in 1887 and it may have been copies of one of the two newspapers then in existence, or one of their real state propaganda publications which reached the hands of people on the Volga, or, more probably fell to the offices of the steamship lines.
		The Fresno scraper was used for digging the first canals in the valley and later, was used in land and railroad construction.
		Foreclosures were the norm and the population of Fresno dropped from 80,000 to 50,000 from 1920 to 1928, because of the one crop economy of the area.
	www.ahsgr.org /fresno/speech.html (5053 words)

	Fresno Scraper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Fresno Scraper was invented in 1883 by the Scottish immigrant and entrepreneur James Porteous who, having worked with farmers in Fresno, California, had recognised the dependence of the FresnoValley on irrigation and the requirement for a more efficient means ofconstructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil.
		The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to not only scrapeand move a quantity of soil, but also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handledmanually.
		Between 1884 and 1910 thousands of Fresno scraperswere produced at the Fresno Agricultural Works which had been formed by Porteous, and used in agriculture and land levelling, aswell as road and railroad grading and the general construction industry.
	www.therfcc.org /fresno-scraper-131961.html (274 words)

	James Porteous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His ideas, combined with those of fellow-inventors William Deidrick, Frank Dusy, and Abijah McCall, all of Selma, California led to the Fresno Scraper (1883).
		The basic design forms the basis of most modern earth moving scrapers, having the ability to not only scrape and move a quantity of soil, but also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually.
		Porteous formed the Fresno Agricultural works, which Between 1884 and 1910 produced thousands of Fresno Scrapers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Porteous (432 words)

	Fresno Information
		Fresno, a Spanish word for ash tree (from Latin fraxinus) is a common placename in Spanish speaking areas.
		Fresno is a municipality in the Department of Tolima.
		Fresno is a ghost village in Nidáliga, in the municipality of Valle de Sedano, in the province of Burgos).
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Fresno (205 words)

	Mls Fresno
		Aldea del Fresno is a municipality in province of Madrid).
		Fresno is the sixth-largest city in California and the largest inland city in the state.
		The "Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill" was the first modern landfill in the United States, and incorporated several important innovations to waste disposal, including trenching, compacting, and the daily covering of trash with dirt.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/138/mls-fresno.html (1258 words)

	1856-1956 Fresno County's first 100 Years
		The Fresno Canal and Irrigation Company is formed by Church a forerunner of the Fresno Irrigation District.
		Fresno County purchases the Tollhouse tollroad built in 1866 by the Woods brothers.
		The Fresno County Library was established., the First Junior College in California was established in Fresno, now the site of Caesar Chavez Adult Education Center.
	www.valleyhistory.org /YoureHistory.html (1077 words)

	Jobs Fresno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Fresno is amunicipality in the Department of Tolima.
		Aldea del Fresno is amunicipality in province of Madrid).
		USS Fresno (CL-121) was a cruiser of the UnitedStates Navy.
	www.elusiveeye.com /side46958-jobs-fresno.html (223 words)

	Scraper Drug Treatment Scraper Alcohol Treatment Abuse Rehabilitation Addiction Treatment Centers in Scraper, Oklahoma
		The population of Scraper is approximately 475 with 227 males and 248 females.
		The total amount of the population in house holds for Scraper is 189 with 137 families in house holds.
		Scraper is located in the state of Oklahoma.
	www.drug-abuse-treatment.org /city.htm?tstate=Oklahoma&c=Scraper (3799 words)

	James Porteous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Having worked with farmers Porteous recognised the of the Fresno Valley on irrigation and requirement for a more efficient means of canals and ditches in the sandy soil he went about the task of devising earth moving scraper for that purpose.
		By 1883 he had invented the Fresno Scraper the basic design of which forms basis of most modern earth moving scrapers the ability to not only scrape and a quantity of soil but also to it at a controlled depth thus quadrupling volume which could be handled manually.
		Between 1884 and 1910 thousands of Fresno Scrapers were produced the Fresno Agricultural Works which had been by Porteous and used in agriculture and levelling as well as road and railroad and the general construction industry.
	www.freeglossary.com /James_Porteous (722 words)

	RECOLLECTIONS, MUSINGS, AND DEDUCTIONS OF A POOR INVENTOR
		Then the scraper was brought in and the operator of the same would look over the portion of the land, which he proposed to level or grade, and decide from which hill he should take his first load of dirt.
		Fred R. Morton’s Dirt Mover in a test against other scrapers, using both large and small (models), and am pleased to say (that) without a doubt it is superior both in the quantity of dirt moved and the ease with which it is done to any implement I have ever used.
		As the scraper blade struck this pile of dirt, the governing devices caused it to rise instead of drawing in.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~bemorton/Inventions/FredMortonStory.html (9439 words)

	Dui Fresno Lawyer
		Fresno Scraper - The Fresno Scraper was invented in 1883 by the Scottish immigrant and entrepreneur James Porteous who, having worked with farmers in Fresno, California, had recognised the dependence of the Fresno Valley on irrigation and the requirement for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil.
		Bennett draws on his experience as a lawyer, judge, dui fresno lawyer and law teacher, as well as upon oral histories of lawyers dui fresno lawyer and judges, in his exploration of how dui fresno lawyer and why the legal profession has lost its ennobling mythology.
		Effectively using examples from history, philosophy, psychology, mythology, dui fresno lawyer and literature, Bennett shows that the loss of professionalism is more than merely the emergence of win-at-all-cost strategies dui fresno lawyer and a scramble for personal wealth.
	www.wilmington-institute.com /duifresnolawyer.html (996 words)

	The Fresno Scraper Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The cross bar position is adjusted by loosening the single wing nuts on the "J" bolts and then tightening the "J" bolts locked in the selected notch on the runner support.
		After returning empty to the cut, the operator pulls on the rope to return the scraper to the scraping position.
		"Fresnos" were sold throughout the West and when their reputation for efficiency, reliability and ease of operation was established, they were shipped to practically every state as well as South America, India, The Orient, South Africa, Australia and Europe.
	www.valleyhistory.org /FindingAids/FresnoScraper/FresnoScraper2.html (197 words)

	James Porteous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Porteous (1848 - 1922) wasthe inventor of the Fresno Scraper.
		Having worked with farmers, Porteous recognised the dependence of the Fresno Valley on irrigation and the requirement for amore efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil, and he went about the task of devising an earth movingscraper for that purpose.
		By 1883 he had invented the FresnoScraper, the basic design of which forms the basis of most modern earth moving scrapers, having the ability to not onlyscrape and move a quantity of soil, but also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could behandled manually.
	www.therfcc.org /james-porteous-131962.html (354 words)

	[No title]
		The Fresno scraper was a big open-front bucket with a steel bracket attached to swivels on the ends and a handle on the back.
		Lowering the handle and holding it down allowed you to slide the scraper along with a load of soil until you were ready to dump it.
		The original Fresno scraper was large enough to require a team of two or four horses.
	www.co.bonneville.id.us /heritage/resources/historytext/MiskinScraperWorks.htm (1389 words)

	Fresno Brewing Company (Fresno, California)
		The Fresno Brewing Company office and warehouse, located at M and Heaton Streets in downtown Fresno, is Romanesque in style and constructed entirely of brick.
		The Fresno Brewing Company was part of the major growth of Fresno at the turn of the twentieth century.
		The six-story brewery was described as a "sky scraper" because it was one of the largest buildings in Fresno at the time.
	historicfresno.org /nrhp/fresbrew.htm (982 words)

	Bulldozer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The blade peels layers of soil and pushes the soil as the tractor advances.
		Sometimes a bulldozer is used to push another piece of earthmoving equipment known as a "scraper".
		The Fresno Scraper, invented in 1883 by James Porteous, was the first design to enable this to be done economically, at the same time removing the soil and depositing it in shallow ground.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/bu/bulldozer.html (510 words)

	The Fresno Scraper
		The three principal problems with this invention were: (a) the high rolling resistance of the iron wheels in the soft or sandy soils, (b) the tendency of the scraper to overrun the horses on firm down slopes, and (c) the short runners sinking into soft or sandy soils.
		The "Fresno" and its variants made possible the early-day irrigation canals, ditches, and level fields in the Central Valley of California, as well as the construction of dams, roads and railroad right-of-ways.
		Present day scrapers are built to scrape up to 30 cubic yards and to carry such loads at speeds up to 30 mph.
	valleyhistory.org /FindingAids/FresnoScraper/FresnoScraper.html (1050 words)

	FRESNO METROPOLITAN MUSEUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The modern part of the exhibition will explore the famed Fresno Scraper and its development, while the traditional will be represented by hand-woven baskets from the local Yokut, Mono, and Miwok tribes.
		The Fresno Scraper and other artifacts drawn from the California Agricultural Museum will highlight the significance of the Central Valley's agricultural industry and celebrate the beauty and abundance of its produce.
		The Fresno Scraper, designated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, is well-known to area farmers.
	www.fresnomet.org /ex_miv.html (309 words)

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