
	Where results make sense

Topic: Friedrich Bessel

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Friedrich_Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (July 22, 1784 â“ March 17, 1846) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and systematizer of the Bessel functions (which, despite their name, were discovered by Daniel Bernoulli).
		With this work under his belt, Bessel was able to achieve the feat for which he is best remembered today: he is credited with being the first to use parallax in calculating the distance to a star.
		In 1838 Bessel won the "race", announcing that 61 Cygni had a parallax of 0.314 arcseconds; which, given the diameter of the Earth's orbit, indicated that the star was ~3 parsecs away.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Friedrich_Bessel (514 words)

	Friedrich Bessel
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (July 22, 1784 - March 17, 1846) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and discoverer of the Bessel functions.
		Bessel was born in Minden, Westphalia and died in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia).
		Bessel's greatest astronomical achievement was the first successful use of parallax to determine the distance to a star.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Friedrich_Bessel.html (203 words)

	Supplementary Material: Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Bessel was born in Westphalia, the son of a poor government employee.
		Bessel, who was liked and appreciated by his commercial firm, was obliged to choose between a position of relative affluence if he remained in it and poverty and the stars if he left it.
		Bessel was a scientist whose works laid the foundations for a better determination than any previous method had allowed of the scale of the universe and the sizes of stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies.
	www.math.uic.edu /math220/supplements/bessel_bio.html (925 words)

	Friedrich Bessel - Wikipedia
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (22 juli 1784 – 17 maart 1846) was een Duits astronoom en wiskundige
		Friedrich Bessel werd geboren in Minden in Duitsland.
		Bessel bepaalde de precessie, de nutatie, de aberratie en de helling van de ecliptica én hij gaf aan hoe bij het verrichten en bewerken van waarnemingen een grotere nauwkeurigheid kan worden bereikt.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Bessel (273 words)

	Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 1809, at the age of 26, Bessel was appointed director of Frederick William III of Prussia's new Königsberg Observatory and professor of astronomy.
		Bessel was one of the first astronomers to realise that, before a positional observation could be fully relied upon, one must have quantitative knowledge of every possible error that might enter into the finished result.
		Bessel functions appear as coefficients in the series expansion of the indirect perturbation of a planet, that is the motion caused by the motion of the Sun caused by the perturbing body.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Bessel.html (1608 words)

	Friedrich Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		With this work under his belt, Bessel was able to achieve the feat for which he is best remembered today: he is credited withbeing the first to use parallax in calculating the distance to a star.
		In 1838 Bessel won the "race", announcing that 61 Cygni had a parallax of 0.314 arcseconds ; which, given the diameter of the Earth 's orbit, indicatedthat the star was ~3 parsecs away.
		As well helping determine the parallax of 61 Cygni, Bessel's precise measurements allowed him to notice deviations in themotions of Sirius and Procyon, which hededuced must be caused by the gravitational attraction of unseen companions.
	www.therfcc.org /friedrich-bessel-31818.html (487 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel - Wikipédia
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (22 juillet 1784, Minden — 17 mars 1846, Königsberg) est un astronome et mathématicien allemand, connu principalement pour avoir effectué les premières mesures précises de la distance d'une étoile et pour être le fondateur de l'école allemande d'astronomie d'observation.
		Bessel supervise la construction de l'observatoire de Königsberg, dont il sera le directeur de 1813 jusqu'à sa mort.
		Bessel est le premier à déterminer avec succès la parallaxe, et par là même la distance d'une étoile fixe, 61 Cygni, apportant une preuve supplémentaire de la nature héliocentrique du Système solaire.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel (256 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel - Wikipedia
		Bessel war ein Zeitgenosse von Carl Friedrich Gauß (der Briefwechsel der beiden ist veröffentlicht) - und wie Gauß wurde auch er mit Vermessungsaufgaben betraut.
		Bessel besuchte das Gymnasium in Minden bis zur Untertertia.
		Bessel stieß beim aufgeschlossenen Olbers auf Interesse und gewann in ihm einen großen Mentor.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel (914 words)

	AllRefer.com - Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Astronomy, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel[frEd´rikh vil´helm bes´ul] Pronunciation Key, 1784–1846, German astronomer and mathematician.
		Through observing the variations of the proper motions of Sirius and Procyon, he concluded that they possessed dimmer companions, which was verified a century later by astronomers.
		Bessel also introduced a class of mathematical functions, named for him, which he established as a result of work on perturbation of the planets and which are widely used in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Bessel-F.html (291 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846)
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel was honored during his lifetime by academy memberships; besides Berlin, in Palermo, Petersburg and Stockholm, by memberships in the scientific societies of Edinburgh, Goettingen, Kopenhagen and London, the British Royal Astronomical and the Royal Meteorological Societies.
		Bessel was the first to measure and publish a parallax, and calculate the distance to a star, double star 61 Cygni, from observations during 18 months in 1837 and 1838.
		Bessel's parallax value of 0.314", corresponding to a distance of 3.18 parsec or 10.4 light years, is very close to the modern value of 0.292", corresponding to 3.42 pc (11.2 ly).
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/Bios/bessel.html (1453 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Bessel's work had now become known internationally, and he was honored with the award of the Lalande Prize from the Institut de France for his tables of refraction based on Bradley's observations.
		Bessel used parallax to determine the distance to 61 Cygni, a nearby star, announcing his result in 1838.
		Bessel, Jacobi, and Neumann are intimately linked to the reform of teaching at universities, first in Germany and then throughout the world.
	www.stetson.edu /~efriedma/periodictable/html/Bk.html (648 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm von Struve - Simple English Wikipedia
		Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (April 15, 1793 – November 23, 1864 (Julian calendar: November 11)) was a German-born Russian astronomer.
		He was an expert on double stars and one of the first astronomers to measure stellar parallax (closely related to the work by Friedrich Bessel).
		In 1833 he moved to Russia to set up the Pulkovo Observatory near [[St. Petersburg]], of which he was director until his retirement in 1862, when his son took over in the post.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Struve (467 words)

	Pour le Mérite - Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Bessel attended the Gymnasium in Minden for four years but he did not appear to be very talented, finding Latin difficult.
		Bessel's work had now become known internationally and he was honoured with the award of the Lalande Prize from the Institut de France for his tables of refraction based on Bradley's observations.
		It was in Königsberg that Bessel undertook his monumental task of determining the positions and proper motions of over 50000 stars which led to the discovery in 1838 of the parallax of 61 Cygni.
	www.pourlemerite.org /peace/friedrichwilhelmbessel.html (721 words)

	Friedrich Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (de julio el 22 de 1784 - de marcha la 17 de 1846) era matemático, astrónomo, y un systematizer alemanes de las funciones de Bessel (que, a pesar de su nombre, fueron descubiertas por Daniel Bernoulli).
		Bessel era un contemporáneo del gauss de Carl, también un matemático y astrónomo.
		Bessel era el hijo de un funcionario, y en la edad de 14 lo pusieron de aprendiz a la preocupación Kulenkamp de las importaciones/exportaciones.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/fr/Friedrich%20Bessel.htm (581 words)

	Friedrich Bessel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (July 22, 1784 – March 17, 1846) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and systematizer of the Bessel functions (which, despite their name, were discovered by Daniel Bernoulli).
		Bessel was the son of a civil servant, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to the import-export concern.
		Hipparcos has calculated the parallax at 0.28547 arcseconds.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Friedrich_Bessel (563 words)

	Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Bessel Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Awards are not subject to income tax in Germany.
		DESCRIPTION: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award I. Program From 2001 to 2003, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation is granting approximately 10 Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Awards annually to young, top-flight, foreign scientists and scholars who are already recognized as outstanding researchers in their fields.
		Usually, nominations for Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Awards may only be made for at least associate or assistant-level professors up to the age of 45 or for researchers of equal standing engaged in non-university work.
	www.biu.ac.il /RA/www/rserch/calls/calls/humboldt_bessel.html (580 words)

	FRIEDRICH WILHELM BESSEL - LoveToKnow Article on FRIEDRICH WILHELM BESSEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Placed at the age of fifteen in a counting-house at Bremen, he was impelled by Ins desire to obtain a situation as supercargo on a foreign voyage to study navigation, mathematics and finally astronomy.
		Apart from the large scope of his activity, he introduced such important novelties as the effective use of the heliometer, the correction for personal equation (in 1823), and the systematic investigation of instrumental errors.
		In pure mathematics he enlarged the resources of analysis by the invention of Bessels Functions.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BE/BESSEL_FRIEDRICH_WILHELM.htm (523 words)

	Friedrich Bessel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Bessel was a contemporary of (Click link for more info and facts about Carl Gauss) Carl Gauss, also a mathematician and astronomer.
		As well as helping determine the parallax of 61 Cygni, Bessel's precise measurements allowed him to notice deviations in the motions of (The brightest star in the sky; in Canis Major) Sirius and (The type genus of the family Procyonidae: raccoons) Procyon, which he deduced must be caused by the gravitational attraction of unseen companions.
		His announcement of Sirius' "dark companion" in 1841 was the first correct claim of a previously unobserved companion by positional measurement, and eventually led to the discovery of (Click link for more info and facts about Sirius B) Sirius B.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/F/Fr/Friedrich_Bessel.htm (531 words)

	Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784-1846)
		Bessel was a superb observer and made many important contributions to positional astronomy, including, in 1838, the first direct measurement of a star's distance, that of 61 Cygni, by trigonometric parallax.
		Bessel argued against the existence of life on the Moon at a time when several notable compatriots of his, including Gauss, Gruithuisen, Littrow, and Olbers, were in the pro-selenite camp.
		In particular, he noted the sharpness with which stars are occulted by the Moon, indicating the absence of a lunar atmosphere.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/B/Bessel.html (355 words)

	BESSEL FUNCTION - LoveToKnow Article on BESSEL FUNCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The symbol generally adopted to represent these functions is J,,, (p) where m denotes the order of the function.
		These functions are named after Friedrich Wilhelm Eessel, who in 1817 introduced them in an investigation on Keplers Problem.
		He discussed their properties and constructed tables for their evaluation Although Bessel was the first to systematically treat of these functions, it is to be noted that in 1732 Daniel Bernoulli obtained the function of zero order as a solution to the problem of the oscillations of a chain suspended at one end.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BE/BESSEL_FUNCTION.htm (317 words)

	Friedrich Bessel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was born in Minden, Westphalia and died of cancer in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia).
		Bessel was the son of a civil servant, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to the import-export concern Kulenkamp.
		This page was last modified 11:51, 22 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Bessel (540 words)

	Lexikonia - le informazioni circa Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (22 luglio 1784 - 17 marzo 1846) era un matematico e astronomo Germania.
		Bessel era figlio di un funzionario pubblico, all'età di 14 anni lavorò come apprendista in una ditta di import-export.
		Bessel batté in velocità Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve e Thomas Henderson che nello stesso anno misurarono la parallasse di Vega e Alpha Centauri.
	www.lexikonia.org /56170_friedrich_wilhelm_bessel.htm (445 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Biography / Biography of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Main Biography
		The German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846) established the modern ideals and standards of precision in astronomy and obtained the first measurement of the distance to a star.
		Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel was born in Minden, North Rhine-Westphalia, on July 22, 1784.
		Bessel became the outstanding astronomer of the 19th century and probably the most complete astronomer of all time.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-friedrich-wilhelm-bessel (235 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)