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Topic: Friedrich IV of Austria

	RULERS OF AUSTRIA (ÖSTERREICH)
		RULERS OF Babenberg Margraves of Ostmark, Dukes of Austria from 1156
		Son of Hermann IV of Bade; married Gertrud of Austria widow of Ladislaus
		Habsburg Dukes of Austria, Archdukes of Austria from 1453
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/AustrianRulers.htm (1001 words)

	Austria
		Maria Leopoldina, Archduchess of Austria Maria Leopoldina Josepha Caroline of Habsburg, archduchess of Austria, was bor...
		Sigismund of Austria Sigismund of Austria, archduke of Tirol was born in 1427 and died in 1496.
		Sophie, Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bavaria Sophie Friederike Dorothee Wilhelmine, Archduchess of Austria and...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/austria.html (1308 words)

	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
		Austria and Spain were thus divided, and, in spite of the efforts of the archduke Charles in the Spanish Succession War, were never again united, for at the battle of Mohflcs, on the 28th of August 1526, Suleiman the Mohacs.
		Austria did not benefit from the reign of Charles V. The emperor was too much absorbed in the affairs of the rest of his vast dominions, Chdarfes V. notably those of the Empire, rent in two by religious Austria.
		Austria proper was The policy left to his eldest son Maximilian, Tirol to the archduke of Ford!- Ferdinand; and Styria with Carinthia and Carniola nand and to the archduke Charles.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AUSTRIA_HUNGARY.htm (20402 words)

	Virtual Vienna Net: Austria's History
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe.
		When, in 1246, the childless Duke Friedrich II was killed in the Battle of the Leitha against the Magyars, his lands became the object of his neighbors' power politics.
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy, who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved to be not only an outstanding military commander but also a fine statesman.
	www.virtualvienna.net /austria/about/austria_history.html (1778 words)

	Frederick IV of Austria
		Friedrich IV of Austria (1382 - June 24, 1439) was a Habsburg duke of Tirol, son of Leopold III of Austria.
		Friedrich's regency over Tirol and the scattered Habsburg territories in southwestern Germany and in the Alsace referred to collectively as Vorderösterreich began in 1402.
		Friedrich was married to Anna of Braunschweig; they had one son, Sigismund.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Friedrich_IV_of_Austria (223 words)

	List of rulers of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Austria became one of the marches (in later times sometimes called the Ostmark) of the Holy Roman Empire after the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, and was given a margrave around 960.
		In the Privilegium Maius of 1359, Rudolf attempted to elevate Austria to an archduchy.
		Francis I (1792-1835) (Emperor of Austria from 1804)
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_rulers_of_Austria (515 words)

	Austrian Press & Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe.
		The Frankish ruler Charlemagne (747-814) established on the territory of present-day Austria the Carolingian March, or border province, between the rivers Enns, Raab and Drava.
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy, who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved to be not only an outstanding military commander but also a fine statesman.
	www.austria.org /history.shtml (1781 words)

	The Austrian Flag
		The flag was adopted by Friedrich II., der Streitbare, the last Babenberg as Duke of Austria in the 13th century.
		According to legend, Duke Leopold V. of Austria (1157-1194) was involved in a fierce battle during the Crusades.
		Austria became one of the marches (the Ostmark) of the Holy Roman Empire after the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, and was given a margrave around 960.
	www.sinz.org /Michael.Sinz/Austria/index.html (278 words)

	Leaders
		Austria’s accession to the European Union and an assured participation in the European Monetary Union were and remain important preconditions for the future of the economy and employment in Austria.
		Austria’s social partnership has proved itself as an important instrument for the location of industry and jobs in Austria, and has contributed thereby to the maintenance of social peace.
		Austria accepts her responsibility arising out of the tragic history of the 20th century and the horrendous crimes of the National Socialist regime.
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/leaders.html (1722 words)

	700000 people connected with European Royalty
		AKA: Friedrich III Duke Of Austria Born: 31 Mar 1347 - Of Wien, Wien, Austria
		Friedrich IV Duke Of Austria and Princess Of Bavaria Elisabeth [Princess Of Pal
		Guillaume VI (Iv) Montferrat and Jutte Princess Of Austria
	www.e-familytree.net /f1132.htm (1527 words)

	Hapsburgs
		Ferdinand I of Austria and Hungary served as Emperor of Austria (1835-48) and King of Hungary (1830-48).
		Duke of Madena, Massa, Carrara and Guastalla, son of Duke Franz IV of Modena and Princess Maria Beatrix of Sardinia
		Duke of Austria, Styria, and Carniola, son of Duke Albrecht II of Austria and Johanna of the Palatinate
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/habsburgs.html (6790 words)

	History-KOF-Ancestors-Full-print-version
		The wife of Adolph Heinrich Friedrichs (16), Harma Christine Arnd (17) was the daughter of Hinrich Arnd (34), whose father, Ludwig (68) and grandfather Andreas Arnd (136) were shepherds and serfs of the Count of Putbus.
		A brother, Friedrich Christian Rosenthal, was a professor of anatomy at the university in Greifswald and later in Berlin.
		Friedrich Schneider (14) was born in 1794 in Bunzlau, a city between Liegnitz and Gorlitz.
	www.friedrichs.us /History-KOF-Ancestors-Full-print-version.html (16941 words)

	Iranica.com - AUSTRIA
		In 1674, the Sprachknaben-Institut (under the auspices of the Internunciature in Istanbul) was established in Vienna, on the model of training institutions in France and Poland; and courses in Oriental languages were instituted at the University of Vienna by Gianbattista Podestaà (1624–1703).
		Friedrich Müller was succeeded in comparative linguistics by the Berliner Paul Kretschmer (professor, 1898-1938).
		In 1938, after the "Anschluß" of Austria to Hitler's Germany, both Geiger and Tedesco were dismissed for being Jews and left for the Asia Institute of Columbia University in New York, and later for Yale (Otto J.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_austria_ii_20050210.html (7545 words)

	Travel Austria
		By a capacity of 49.825 seats the Ernst Happel Stadium is the biggest stadium in Austria.
		The Prater in Vienna is called “Wiener Prater” in the language of the natives and known as a huge park in the heart of Vienna, the Viennese city district “Leopoldstadt”.
		The cathedral St. Jacob in Innsbruck was built in barock style between 1717 and 1724, and renovated between 1990 and 1993.
	www.travel2austria.com (2616 words)

	Innsbruck, Austria
		Duke Friedrich IV built the impressive ducal residence of Schloss Tirol at Meran.
		The peace treaty of Pressburg that sealed Napoleon's conquest of Austria in 1805 decreed that Austria cede the provinces of Brixen, Trient and Tirol to Bavaria.
		Innsbruck was to regain significance beyond its immediate provinces in the latter part of the 19th century with the onset of the industrial revolution and the spread of mass communications and transport.
	worldfacts.us /Austria-Innsbruck.htm (1661 words)

	Istria on the Internet - Heraldy - Austria-Hungary
		The unity of the monarchy was expressed in the common head of the state, who bore the title Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary, and in the common administration of a series of affairs, which affected both halves of the Dual Monarchy.
		The eagle was the Imperial Eagle as the Dukes of Austria, from the Habsburg dynasty, were Kings (and Emperors) of the Holy Roman Empire at the time.
		In 1748 it was joined with the Duchy Parma and Piacenza, and became part of Austria together with Parma and Piacenza in 1847.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/heraldry/austria-hungary (4057 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent IV
		When Celestine IV died after a short reign of sixteen days, the excommunicated emperor, Frederick II, was in possession of the jtates of the Church around Rome and attempted to intimidate the cardinals into electing a pope to his own liking.
		But Innocent IV was determined upon the destruction of Frederick II and repeatedly asserted that no Hohenstaufen would ever again be emperor.
		In Austria, he confirmed Ottocar, the son of King Wenzel, as duke, in 1252, and mediated between him and King Béla of Hungary in 1254.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08017a.htm (1301 words)

	Frederick William IV of Prussia Summary
		On Oct. 15, 1795, Frederick William IV was born in Berlin, the oldest son of Frederick William III.
		King Frederick William IV of Prussia (October 15, 1795 - January 2, 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861.
		He was firmly against both liberalization and unification of Germany, preferring to allow Austria to remain the principal power in the German states.
	www.bookrags.com /Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia (1282 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Documents of German Unification, 1848-1871
		Not a foot of land was exacted from Austria, but she had to renounce all part in the hegemony of Germany.
		Austria had exhausted her strength in conquests south of the Alps, and left the western German provinces unprotected, instead of following the road pointed out by the Danube.
		If Austria were severely injured, she would become the ally of France and of every other opponent of ours; she would even sacrifice her anti-Russian interests for the sake of revenge on Prussia.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/germanunification.html (741 words)

	Antisemitism And Racism
		Austria has a Jewish population of 10,000 out of a total population of 8 million, most of whom live in Vienna.
		The Israeli embassy in Austria issued a statement questioning the “willingness” of the Austrian government to “sincerely and honestly come to terms with the past.” In an interview to The Jerusalem Post on 9 November, Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) had reiterated the claim that the Austrian state was the “very first victim” of National Socialism.
		The inhabitants of the town of Braunau am Inn, Hitler’s birthplace, decided to counter international criticism of Austria by making it a center of international understanding, in an attempt to prove that Austria is ready to confront its past and take part in the struggle against fascism.
	www.tau.ac.il /Anti-Semitism/asw2000-1/austria.htm (3342 words)

	History of Friedrich II by Thomas Carlyle: SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT Chapter 5 FRIEDRICH AT LEITMERITZ, HIS ...
		Friedrich`s errand in Alt-Lissa, eastward, while Keith went westward, was, To be within due arm`s-length of the Moritz-Bevern, or beaten Kolin Army, which is coming up that way; intending to take post, and do its best, in those parts, with Zittau Magazine and the Lausitz to rear of it.
		One may fancy Friedrich`s indignation, astonishment and grief, when he heard of that march towards Zittau through the Hills by a parabolic course; the issue of which is too gnessable by Friedrich.
		Friedrich might still hope he would retreat on Magdeburg; 40,000 good soldiers might find a Captain there, and be valuable against a D`Estrees and Soubise in those parts.
	www.classicauthors.net /Carlyle/Friedrich/Friedrich195.html (8357 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		Image:Friedrich IV of Austria.jpg rightthumb150pxAn [[engraving by W. Killian from 1623]] '''Friedrich IV of Austria''' (1382 - June 24, 1439) was a Habsburg duke of Tirol, son of Leopold III of Austria (Habsburg) Leopold III of Austria.
		Friedrich was married to Anna of Braunschweig; they had one son, Sigismund of Austria Sigismund.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Frederick IV of Austria.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Frederick+IV+of+Austria.html (304 words)

	Friedrich IV of Austria Definition / Friedrich IV of Austria Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Friedrich IV of Austria (1382 - June 24, 1439) was a HabsburgHabsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe.
		Their principal roles were as: Holy Roman Emperors for several centuries to 1806, and rulers of Austria (as dukes 1282–1453, archdukes 1453–1804, and emperors 1804–1918), Kings of Hungary 1437–1918), kings of Spain (1516–1700), and kings of Bohemia 1526–1618 and 1621–1918.
		The wife of a duke, or a woman who rules a duchy, is known as a duchess....
	www.elresearch.com /Friedrich_IV_of_Austria (178 words)

	MEDICAL INFORMATION
		Friedrich Kummer, Resselgasse 5/17, 1040 Vienna, Tel.: 505 44 45, internal medicine, primarily broncho-pulmonary diseases, English fluent.
		In certain parts of Austria and Central Europe, there is a danger of contracting encephalitis from viruses carried by several common tick species.
		It is strongly recommended for all persons who live in and around Vienna and expect to enjoy outdoor activities, such as walking and jogging, in infested areas.
	www.usembassy.at /en/embassy/cons/med.htm (3873 words)

	Chapter IX. - BURGGRAF FRIEDRICH IV.
		The late Kaiser's Austrian competitor, "Friedrich the Fair, Duke of Austria," the parricided Albert's Son, was again one of the parties.
		Our Nurnberg Burggraf, Friedrich IV., held with Ludwig, as did the real majority, though in a languid manner, and was busy he as few were; the Austrian Hapsburgs also doing their best, now under, now above.
		This is the third Hohenzollern whom we mark as a conspicuous acquirer in the Hohenzollern family, this Friedrich IV., builder of the second story of the House.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Fred2/00000019.htm (2579 words)

	History of Friedrich II by Thomas Carlyle: THE SURROUNDING EUROPEAN WAR DOES NOT END Chapter 7 FRIEDRICH MAKES TREATY ...
		Though Friedrich went upon the bantering tone with Voltaire, his private thoughts in regard to the surrounding scene of things were extremely serious; and already it had begun to be apparent, from those Britannic-Austrian procedures, that some new alliance with France might well lie ahead for him.
		Friedrich recollects another thing, one of many others: that of those "ulterior mountains," which Austria had bargained for as Boundary to Schlesien.
		For himself and his Silesia, THROUGH the Kaiser, Friedrich`s feelings are pungently real;--and they are withal completely adjunct to the other set of feelings, and go wholly to intensifying of them; the evident truth being, That neither he nor his Silesia would be in danger, were the Kaiser safe.
	carlyle.classicauthors.net /Friedrich/Friedrich151.html (1724 words)

	The Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece
		Francis had been proclaimed Emperor of Austria in 1804 and, by artful political maneuvering (in which he was aided by the considerable skills of his long-serving prime minister Clement, 2nd Prince of Metternich-Winneburg), managed to hold much of his disparate Empire together, eventually only losing the Belgian Netherlands following the Congress of Vienna of 1814-15.
		Franz Josef maintained a simple and austere personal life, without surrendering any of the majesty of his office, he was warm hearted and pious and a determined advocate of the rights of minorities (for example the Jewish population of the Empire was directly protected by him).
		Having been forced to renounce the exercise of government in Austria (without abdicating as Emperor on 11 November 1918), and as King of Hungary two days later, he was declared deposed by the new republican government and expelled from Austria in April 1919.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/habsburg/austria/ausgdfl.htm (1460 words)

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