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	Friedrich Kasiski - Definition, explanation
		Major Friedrich Wilhelm Kasiski (29 November 1805–22 May 1881) was a Prussian infantry officer, cryptographer and archeologist.
		Kasiski enlisted in East Prussia's 33rd Infantry Regiment on 20 March, 1823 at the age of 17.
		The significance of Kasiski's cryptanalytic work was not widely realised at the time, and he turned his mind to archaeology instead.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/f/fr/friedrich_kasiski.php (375 words)

	1805
		Juni: Friedrich Drake, deutscher Bildhauer und Architekt († 1882)
		September: Karl Ludwig Friedrich von Hinckeldey, unter Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
		November: Johann Friedrich Hermann Albers, deutscher Mediziner und Pathologe († 1867)
	www.weblexikon.de /1805.html (1263 words)

	Friedrich Kasiski - ExampleProblems.com
		Major Friedrich Wilhelm Kasiski (29 November 1805–22 May 1881) was a Prussian infantry officer, cryptographer and archeologist.
		Kasiski enlisted in East Prussia's 33rd Infantry Regiment on 20 March, 1823 at the age of 17.
		The significance of Kasiski's cryptanalytic work was not widely realised at the time, and he turned his mind to archaeology instead.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php?title=Friedrich_Kasiski&printable=yes (323 words)

	HIGH-SECURITY CIPHER
		You need to look at the methods an enemy could use to discover reused sections of the key stream, and see how long the key stream must be to defeat these attacks.
		Therefore the distance between such repeated sequences will be a multiple of the period, and the period can be discovered by factoring the distances.
		The Kasiski method is defeated by making the key stream longer than any possible message.
	www.mastersoftware.biz /crypt003.htm (3667 words)

	Friedrich Kasiski - Cryptography
		Friedrich Kasiski - Cryptography is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Friedrich Kasiski - Cryptography: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Kasiski - Cryptography
		Friedrich Kasiski - Cryptography: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Kasiski - Military service
	www.experiencefestival.com /friedrich_kasiski_-_cryptography (434 words)

	Biologie - Friedrich Wilhelm Kasiski
		Kasiski entwickelte 1863 einen Test zur Kryptoanalyse der Vigenère-Chiffre, der noch heute als Kasiski-Test bekannt ist.
		Das Verfahren, welches Kasiski verwendete, konnte die Schlüsselwortlänge der Vigenère-Chiffre ermitteln.
		Dazu durchsuchte er den Chiffretext nach sich wiederholenden Buchstabenfolgen.
	www.biologie.de /biowiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Kasiski (296 words)

	Friedrich Kasiski at AllExperts
		Kasiski enlisted in East Prussia's 33rd Infantry Regiment on 20 March, 1823 at the age of 17.
		Kasiski finally retired from active service with the rank of Major on 17 February 1852.
		The significance of Kasiski's cryptanalytic work was not widely realised at the time, and he turned his mind to archaeology instead.
	en.allexperts.com /e/f/fr/friedrich_kasiski.htm (450 words)

	Friedrich Kasiski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kasiski was born in Schlochau, West Prussia (now Czluchow, Poland).
		Kasiski finally retired from active service with the rank of Major on 17 February 1852.
		Between 1860 and 1868 he was the commander of a National Guard battalion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Kasiski (345 words)

	Friedrich I Of Prussia : Sirchin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Frederick I of Prussia (German: Friedrich I. July 11, 1657 – February 25, 1713) of the Hohenzollern dynasty was (as Frederick III; Friedrich III.) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and the first King in Prussia (1701 – 1713).
		Friedrich I of Prussia Friedrich I of Prussia Kurfürst of Brandenburg King of Prussia...
		Friedrich I of Prussia, Kurfürst of Brandenburg, King of Prussia...
	sirchin.com /?topic:friedrich-i-of-prussia (190 words)

	vigenre cipher - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Main article: Kasiski examination The method described below was not in fact invented by Kasiski but instead by Charles Babbage, a common misconception.
		For nearly 300 years this cipher was thought to be unbreakable, but Charles Babbage and Friedrich Kasiski independently found a way to break it the middle of the 19th century.
		Babbage actually broke the much stronger autokey cipher, while Kasiski is generally credited with the first published solution to fixed-key polyalphabetic ciphers.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Vigenre-cipher (752 words)

	Kasiski examination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kasiski examination or the Kasiski test is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenère cipher.
		The Kasiski examination allows a cryptanalyst to deduce the length of the keyword used in the polyalphabetic substitution cipher.
		The Kasiski examination involves looking for strings of characters that are repeated in the ciphertext.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kasiski_examination (828 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Charles Babbage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The autokey cipher was generally called "the undecipherable cipher", though due to popular confusion many thought that the weaker polyalphabetic cipher was the "undecipherable" one.
		Babbage's discovery was used to aid English military campaigns, and was not published until several years later; as a result credit for the development was instead given to Friedrich Kasiski[?], who made the same discovery some years after Babbage.
		He only once endeavoured to enter public life, when, in 1832, he stood unsuccessfully for the borough of Finsbury.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ch/Charles_Babbage (1021 words)

	How the Vigenere Cipher Works : A detailed explanation into an important cryptographic historical discovery (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Vigenere cipher was compromised over 140 years ago, first by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863.
		The Kasiski examination takes advantage of the fact that certain common words like "and" and "the" are encrypted using the same key letters, leading to repeated groups in the cipher text.
		The Kasiski test is effective with longer messages, as they usually will contain more repeated cipher text segments.
	www.xramp.com /resources/vigenerecipherdetails (800 words)

	[3.0] The Rise Of Field Ciphers
		It was known as the "le chiffre indechiffrable (the indecipherable cipher)".
		Of course, also just as with the Kasiski test, each resulting set of plaintext letter matches is gibberish by itself, and only makes sense once they are all substituted back in by columns.
		Of course, if the keyword is short then Holmes would have likely used the Kasiski test first and not bothered with superimposition, but this approach would be able to penetrate a long keyword whose length might not be evident using the Kasiski test.
	www.vectorsite.net /ttcode_03.html (7748 words)

	Learn more about Charles Babbage in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The autokey cipher was generally called "the undecipherable cipher", though due to popular confusion many thought that the weaker polyalphabetic cipher was the "undecipherable" one.
		Babbage's discovery was used to aid English military campaigns, and was not published until several years later; as a result credit for the development was instead given to Friedrich Kasiski, who made the same discovery some years after Babbage.
		He only once endeavoured to enter public life, when, in 1832, he stood unsuccessfully for the borough of Finsbury.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ch/charles_babbage.html (1077 words)

	Analyst job description - Career job description (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The difficulty of using the Kasiski examination allows a cryptanalyst to deduce the career job description length of the software: that is, the calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing, and other experts within the application analyst is someone whose job is to support a given application or applications.
		This may entail some programming, some system administration skills, and the ability to analyse a given application or applications.
		This may entail some programming, some system administration skills, and the Kasiski examination career job description involves looking for strings career job description of characters that are repeated in the plaintext, and the like.
	career-job-description.career-career.org /analyst-job-description (1122 words)

	ComputerBase - Lexikon: Friedrich Wilhelm Kasiski
		Kasiski veröffentlichte 1863 in seinem Buch Die Geheimschriften und die Dechiffrierkunst einen Test zur Kryptoanalyse der Vigenère-Chiffre, der noch heute als Kasiski-Test bekannt ist.
		Das Verfahren, welches Kasiski verwendete, konnte die Schlüsselwortlänge der Vigenère-Chiffre ermitteln.
		Dazu durchsuchte er den Chiffretext nach sich wiederholenden Buchstabenfolgen.
	www.computerbase.de /lexikon/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Kasiski (215 words)

	4 Many Caesars: the Vigenère Cipher
		For about 300 years, it was believed to be unbreakable, although Charles Babbage and Friedrich Kasiski independently determined a method of breaking it in the middle of the nineteenth century.
		Once it is known that the key is, say, 8 characters long, frequency analysis can be applied to every 8th letter to determine the plaintext.
		Despite the fact that the method of breaking the Vigenére cipher had been published 50 years earlier, the cipher was widely held to be unbreakable until the 1920s, being described as ``impossible of translation'' in an article appearing in Scientific American in 1917.
	www.math.sunysb.edu /~scott/papers/MSTP/crypto/4Many_Caesars.html (676 words)

	Friedrich Kasiski: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Kasiski - Military service
		Friedrich Kasiski: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Kasiski - Military service
		Friedrich Kasiski - Military service: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Kasiski - Military service
		Friedrich Kasiski, Friedrich Kasiski - Military service, Friedrich Kasiski - Cryptography
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Friedrich_Kasiski_-_Military_service/id/5066896 (318 words)

	Crittanalisi della tavola di Vigenere
		Il primo a rendersi conto di questa debolezza del codice di Vigenere fu il colonnello prussiano Friedrich Kasiski, che nel 1863 pubblicò un metodo di decrittazione della tavola di Vigenere.
		L'attacco alla Kasiski si basa sull'osservazione che in un crittogramma alla Vigenere si trovano spesso sequenze identiche di caratteri a una certa distanza l'una dell'altra; questo avviene evidentemente per il motivo esposto sopra; se p.es.
		Dopo Kasiski sono stati individuati altri metodi per forzare il cifrario di Vigenere e in generale i cifrari polialfabetici; ne presentiamo uno basato sul metodo dei minimi quadrati.
	www.liceofoscarini.it /studenti/crittografia/critto/kasiski.htm (373 words)

	Breaking the indecipherable cipher, courtesy Charles Babbage.
		What is now commonly referred to as the Kasiski examination allows a cryptanalyst to deduce the length of the keyword used in the polyalphabetic substitution cipher.
		Once the length of the keyword is discovered, the cryptanalyst lines up the ciphertext in N columns, where N is the length of the keyword.
		I have a more fully featured (unobfuscated, commented, and POD'd) version which even produces HTML output detailing the results of the Kasiski examination, and optionally the letter frequency analysis charts, which I will post to the code contributions section shortly.
	www.perlmonks.org /?node_id=550450 (918 words)

	Key concepts: the science of secrecy \| LRB essay \| Guardian Unlimited Books
		For several centuries, the Vigenre cipher gloried under the title of 'chiffre indèchiffrable', only to fall in the middle of the 19th century to the efforts of a retired Prussian officer, Friedrich* Kasiski, and, independently, to the English inventor Charles Babbage.
		The cipher's weak point, it turned out, was not its encoding strategy, but the length of the key (usually a single word or phrase) which has to be repeated many times until it covers the message if it's to designate an alphabet for each plaintext letter.
		Any repeat or duplication gives decrypters a toehold, and both Kasiski and Babbage exploited this to reduce the polyalphabetic coding to an interweaving of monoalphabetic ones, each of which could then be cracked by analysing the letter frequency.
	books.guardian.co.uk /lrb/articles/0,6109,260296,00.html (2337 words)

	:: a brief history ::
		Although not difficult to analyse, it did muddle character frequency techniques by the use of digraphs (coding two letters at a time).
		Friedrich W. Kasiski developed a cryptanalysis method in 1863 which broke almost every existing cipher of that time.
		The method was to find repetitions of strings of characters in the ciphertext.
	www.thawte.com /cryptochallenge/html/popups/briefHistory.html (5184 words)

	ipedia.com: Enigma machine Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Once this is known, the message essentially becomes a series of messages, each as long as the length of the key, to which normal frequency analysis can be applied.
		Charles Babbage, Friedrich Kasiski, and William F. Friedman are among those who did most to develop these techniques.
		Cipher designers tried to get users to use a different substitution for every letter, but this usually meant a very long key, which was a problem in several ways.
	www.ipedia.com /enigma_machine.html (3536 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - List of cryptographers
		It is likely that he did not invent the cipher named after him, as other substitution ciphers were in use well before his time.
		Friedrich Kasiski, author of the first published attack on the VigenÃ¨re cipher, now known as the Kasiski test.
		Auguste Kerckhoffs, known for contributing cipher design principles.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=List_of_cryptographers (901 words)

	Breaking the Civil War Code and Encryption, 20th Century Style
		Friedrich Kasiski, Die Geheimschriften und die Dechiffrierkunst ("Secret writing and the Art of Deciphering"), 1863.
		If you search for “Kasiski test”, on the Internet, you can find a number of readable versions of his algorithm that (at their core) use a higher-order language model to solve the cipher.
		Kasiski’s approach is to find how far apart repeated trigraphs are in the encrypted message and stare at these to figure out how long the key phrase is. Let’s use the following encrypted message as our example:
	chesapeakesignals.com /encrypt.htm (2739 words)

	Charles Babbage Biography, Computer models and Inventions
		The autokey cipher was generally called "the undecipherable cipher", though owing to popular confusion, many thought that the weaker polyalphabetic cipher was the "undecipherable" one.
		Babbage's discovery was used to aid English military campaigns, and was not published until several years later; as a result credit for the development was instead given to Friedrich Kasiski, who made the same discovery some years after Babbage.
		Babbage also invented the pilot (also called a cow-catcher), the metal frame attached to the front of locomotives that clears the tracks of obstacles in 1838.
	www.charlesbabbage.net (1909 words)

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