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	Friedrich List - LoveToKnow 1911
		FRIEDRICH LIST (1789-1846), German economist, was born at Reutlingen, Wurttemberg, on the 6th of August 1789.
		List then goes on to explain his theory of the stages of economic development through which the nations of the temperate zone, which are furnished with all the necessary conditions, naturally pass, in advancing to their normal economic state.
		List, ein Vorldufer and ein Opfer fiir das Vaterland (Anon., 2 vols., Stuttgart, 1877); M. Hirst's Life of Friedrich List (London, 1909) contains a bibliography and a reprint of List's Outlines of American Political Economy (1827).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Friedrich_List (965 words)

	Friedrich List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Friedrich List was a nationalist/romantic critic of economic theory and one of the forefathers of the German Historical School.
		List argued that it was the government's responsibility to foster the "productive powers" of a nation and, once these were in place, then free trade could ensue, but not before.
		List was a Professor at Tubingen and then a liberal member of the Württemburg legislature.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/list.htm (210 words)

	Friedrich List and the American System of Economy
		List's release from prison in January 1825 was, de facto, linked to the annulment of his German citizenship: he was only released on condition that he accept exile in the United States.
		List emphasizes, time and again, that there is a profound contradiction between Smith's postulates, such as his representation of how the allegedly exemplary and superior British economic system functions, and the reality of the British economy.
		List prominently cites the Frenchmen, Charles Dupin (1784-1873), and Jean Antoine Chaptal (1786-1832) as exemplary economists.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/listlieb.htm (11557 words)

	Between Karl Marx and Adam Smith: the legacy of Friedrich List
		List took the more rational position that the actual conditions for success were very much the conditions under which actual success had been achieved.
		List's ideas concerning the peaceful penetration of the Danube basin may have inspired the project for the construction of a railway from Berlin to Baghdad.
		Friedrich List correctly notes that Smith drew on systems of thought that were 'cosmopolitical', seeing national differences as a relic of the Dark Ages that enlightened politics would eventually overcome.
	members.aol.com /BevinSoc/FriedrichList.html (7645 words)

	Friedrich List - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though List's practical conclusions were different from those of Adam Müller (1779-1829), he was largely influenced by Alexander Hamilton and the American School rooted in Hamilton's economic principles, but also by the general mode of thinking of America's first Treasury Secretary, and by his strictures on the doctrine of Adam Smith.
		List also had theorised the stages of economic development through which the nations of the temperate zone, which are furnished with all the necessary conditions, naturally pass, in advancing to their normal economic state.
		While List once had urged Germany to join other 'manufacturing nations of the second rank' to check Britain's 'insular supremacy', by 1841 he considered that the United States and Russia would be the most powerful countries in the world in the future - a view expressed by de Tocqueville in the previous year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_List (2591 words)

	Friedrich List
		Friedrich List propagated the myth of Adam Smith as a cosmopolitan thinker.
		List's most important contribution to economic thought was his emphasis on the importance of "intangible capital" to modern economic growth.
		List was regarded by the most eminent of the early neoclassical economists as an important advocate of what would become American institutionalism.
	keithrankin.co.nz /krnkn_list_f.html (1167 words)

	The Ghost of Protectionism Past: The Return of Friedrich List
		In the early 1820s, Friedrich List, a German journalist and former professor of political economy, came to America to avoid imprisonment for having criticized the government of the German principality of Wurtemberg.
		Third, the idea of "the national interest." List accused Adam Smith and other free-trade economists of "cosmopolitanism." Men were not a part of a global community, List argued, in which their interests harmonized in a network of international commerce and division of labor.
		Fallows insisted that it is the policies of Friedrich List that should explicitly replace the free-trade philosophy of Adam Smith in United States' international economic relations.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0494b.asp (1665 words)

	Draft of an Article on Friedrich List's book by Karl Marx
		Humble as is Herr List’s attitude to the nobility, the ancient ruling dynasties and the bureaucracy, he is to the same degree,audacious” in opposing French and English political economy, of which Smith is the protagonist, and which has cynically betrayed the secret of “wealth” and made impossible all illusions about its nature, tendency and movement.
		Finally, it is characteristic of Herr List’s theory, as also of the entire German bourgeoisie, that in order to defend their desires to exploit they are compelled everywhere to resort to “socialist” phrases and thus forcibly to maintain a deception that has long been refuted.
		Herr List therefore ought to have understood that the conversion of material goods into exchange values is a result of the existing social system, of the society of developed private property.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1845/03/list.htm (9220 words)

	Friedrich List and the 19th century economic alternative
		In Wurtemberg, in 1822, List drafted a petition in favour of commercial union and was imprisoned in a fortress by the King.
		Even though List used the term "national", and that term was entirely apt for the Customs Union, his reasoning was not nationalist in the narrow modern sense.
		List, in his criticism of Adam Smith, says that Smith tacitly assumes the existence of a universal republic as the political framework of trade.
	members.aol.com /BevinSoc/ltur6.htm (3973 words)

	Caspar David Friedrich
		Paradoxically, it was Napoleon, that New Caesar and Alexander - seen by Friedrich as the Antichrist incarnate - who helped northern Europe admire the spectrum of its medieval heritage, looting many early paintings from Germany and the Lowlands for exhibition in his museum at the Louvre.
		Friedrich was repelled by such intrusive, reductive cataloguing of natural phenomena, rejecting the new science as one that would diminish his pictorial poetry and reduce his key role as Nature's interpreter...
		Friedrich's people are often portrayed in a rapt, Brontëesque contemplation of the mysteries of their own passions as reflected by water's moonstruck rise and fall, extended by the passage of time and tide.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/F/friedrich.html (1530 words)

	The Case for Free Trade and Open Immigration - Chapter 11
		In the early 1820s, Friedrich List, a German journalist and former professor of political economy, came to America to avoid imprisonment for having criticized the government of the German principality of Württemberg.
		Friedrich List’s significance is that his book became one of the most important rationales for protectionism and government intervention during the remainder of the 19th century.
		Second, the idea of “forced capital investment.” List said that a nation that specialized in those lines of production dictated by the profitable opportunities offered by international commerce under free trade could find itself locked into low-income-earning activities, escape from which might be impossible.
	www.amatecon.com /etext/cftoi/cftoi-ch11.html (1541 words)

	FRIEDRICH LIST National System of Political Economy Whereas British political economy largely stressed ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		List's National System of Political Economy (1840) thus manifests the concerns of German politics of the 1840s, linking liberal nationalism with questions of economic unity and power.
		Friedrich List's liberalism forced him to emigrate to the United States between 1825 and 1832.
		History is not without examples of entire nations having perished, because they knew not and seized not the critical moment for the solution of the great problem of securing their moral, economical, and political independence by the establishment of manufacturing industry and the formation of a powerful class of manufacturers and tradesmen.
	www.cooper.edu /humanities/classes/coreclasses/hss3/f_list.html (2225 words)

	Booktalks Quick and Simple
		The young man and Friedrich were both born in 1925 in Germany and live in the same apartment house.
		As Friedrich's family has more and more taken away from them, the narrator's family gains more and more.
		Friedrich's father looses his job, the family is kicked out of their apartment and Friedrich is forced to leave school.
	nancykeane.com /booktalks/richter_friedrich.htm (182 words)

	Chronology of Life and Times of Friedrich List
		List meets Von Humboldt, reps of Von Stein 1820 Constitutional Revolts in Spain, Naples, and Canning makes proposal to US to join Britain against interventionist policy of Holy Alliance.
		List says: "I planted a seed from which a constitution may grow." List elected to Wuerttemberg assembly -- proposes state credit for industry; easing taxes; annual budget.
		List had been in prison in Ausberg with Belgian patriot.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/listchro.htm (790 words)

	The Unwitting hand Their Wealth to the Cunning
		Friedrich List alerts us that, Adam Smith free tradeâ”as interpreted, designed, and managed by neo-mercantilistsâ”is a brer-rabbit/donât throw me in the brier patch scam designed to prevent the rest of the world from industrializing.
		Friedrich List points out that the forces of production are the tree on which wealth grows and an individual may be better off purchasing something cheaper from another society but collectively everybody is better off if a society produces its own basic commodities, machine tools, and finished products.
		Friedrich List, the German diplomat, writer, and promoter of a German state with no internal tariffs, observed âthe wonderful favourable effects of Napoleonâs Continental System, and the destructive effects [on the continent] of its abolitionâ when France was defeated at Waterloo.
	www.ied.info /books/ed/beliefsystem.html (6136 words)

	GRIN - International Trade: Friedrich List's Theory of the infant industry argument - Essay. Publish your essay, term ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The famous German economist Friedrich List developed this argument to support the cause of shielding nascent German manufacturing industries against British competition in the early 19th century.
		First, it explores the origin of List’s theory by giving a general explanation and some background information, by identifying the pattern of protection and by examining the justification for his theory.
		Friedrich List (1789-1846) was a critic of economic theory.
	www.grin.com /en/preview/38226.html (938 words)

	Comparative Advantage
		Friedrich List and the "National System of Political Economy"
		Friedrich List (1789-1846) was the German economist known for theory that national development depends on the protection of "infant industries".
		Having become financially independent after the discovery of coal on some land that he had acquired, he traveled to the United States, where he was influenced by Alexander Hamilton's protectionist views.
	www.henrygeorge.org /trade/list.htm (510 words)

	Dr. Huenneke's Almanac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Friedrich List was a nineteenth century German economist.
		List is better known in non-English speaking countries than he is in the United States or Britain.
		List was interested in this topic because he was trying to understand what Britain was doing right, and what his native land, Germany, was doing wrong.
	www.minotstateu.edu /econ/almanac/al041002.html (1685 words)

	Friedrich List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Are they not all examples of the application of German economic theory as developed in the 18th and 19th centuries by Gottfried Leibnitz and Freidrich List.
		List elaborated the difference between the British imperial free-trade doctrine and the 'American System' of economics.
		'To English readers an attraction will be found in List's continuous and energetic polemic against Adam Smith, and in the close study which he made of English political and social institutions...List believed in the progressive development of nations, as measured by their productive forces.
	hem.passagen.se /aibpeter/economics/friedrichlist.html (275 words)

	RETICULUM Neuroscience History Resources: Internet Forums
		The basic purpose of the lists is to serve as a forum for scholarly discussions and as a clearinghouse for the distribution of information on academic conferences, publication opportunities, fellowship information, academic grants and job openings of interest to scholars.
		Purpose/Audience: "This list is intended for the growing number of scholars who study science, medicine and technology across a wide variety of periods and regions of the world.
		The list is intended for the exchange of information rather than the sale or exchange of instruments, and should not be used for commercial purposes.
	www.bri.ucla.edu /nha/listsrvs.htm (1440 words)

	LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-... - Online Information article about LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		List holds historically one of the highest places in economic thought as applied to See also:
		wealth must consist—and this is List's fundamental doctrine—not in the quantity of exchange-values which it possesses, but in the full and many-sided development of its productive See also:
		List then goes on to explain his theory of the stages of economic development through which the nations of the temperate See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LEO_LOB/LIST_FRIEDRICH_1789_1846_.html (1513 words)

	The Ghost of Protectionism Past: The Return of Friedrich List [Free Republic]
		Indeed, his arguments — and the arguments of those whom he inspired — were the basis for the rejection of free trade and for the revival of protectionism and interventionism in Imperial Germany during the second half of the last century.
		In fact, Friedrich List — the ghost of protectionism past — has been haunting the world throughout the last hundred years.
		Friedrich List is the ideologue of economic self-defense: i.e.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a392898907805.htm (5140 words)

	Friedrich Eisenbrand's List of Publications
		Bernd Becker, Markus Behle, Friedrich Eisenbrand & Ralf Wimmer,
		Friedrich Eisenbrand, Gianpaolo Oriolo, Paolo Ventura & Gautier Stauffer,
		Friedrich Eisenbrand, Stefan Funke, Andreas Karrenbauer, Elmar Schömer & Joachim Reichel
	www.mpi-sb.mpg.de /~eisen/ListOfPub.html (499 words)

	China Needs Protectionism and the Ideas of Friedrich List
		In the search for a way to maintain China's independence and sovereignty in the face of "globalization," patriotic Chinese scholars are turning to the works of Friedrich List and other representatives of what was known in the 19th century as an "American System" of protectionist national economy.
		From this standpoint, he uses Friedrich List and U.S. history to refute the fallacies of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and their modern-day apologists, such as MIT's Paul Krugman.
		Despite the initial successes of List and his collaborators in launching the industrialization of Germany--successes which included the establishment of the German Tariff Union in 1834 and the construction of the first German railroad in 1835--German manufacturing was still backward compared to England.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2000/jbt_china_2719.html (8073 words)

	[No title]
		There is no better proof for the Divine origin of the Christian religion than that its doctrines and promises are in perfect agreement with the demands of both the material and spiritual well-being of the human race.
		England has obtained political power by means of her navigation laws; and by means of political power she has been placed in a position to extend her manufacturing power over other nations.
		Poland, however, was struck out of the list of nations because she did not possess a vigorous middle class, which could only have been called into existence by the establishment of an internal manufacturing power.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/list/list2 (12792 words)

	Caspar David Friedrich Online
		Selections from the books listed below are scanned in, in high res.
		All images and text on this Caspar David Friedrich page are copyright 1999-2005 by John Malyon/Artcyclopedia, unless otherwise noted.
		Note that the listings on this site are a unique compilation of information and are protected by copyright worldwide.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /artists/friedrich_caspar_david.html (483 words)

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