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	Radical Philosophy - Articles - May/June 1998
		Simply put, with his state capitalism thesis, Friedrich Pollock alleged that the command and mixed economies of the 1920s and 1930s marked the 'transition from a predominantly economic to an essentially political era'.1 Initially, this state capitalism thesis will be contrasted with Adorno's own view of twentieth-century liberal democracies.
		Pollock further believed that by establishing wage and price controls, the state also succeeded in controlling distribution either through direct allocation to consumers or via a 'pseudo-market' that served to regulate consumption.
		Pollock recognized that his thesis was not new; a number of writers had already studied the ways in which liberal economies had increasingly come under the control of the state.
	www.radicalphilosophy.com /?channel_id=2188&editorial_id=10279 (1164 words)

	Friedrich Pollock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Friedrich Pollock (May 22, 1894 – 1970) was a German social scientist and philosopher.
		Friedrich Pollock was born to a factory worker in Freiburg im Breisgau.
		In 1959, Pollock and Horkheimer moved to Montagnola, Tessin, although Pollock held a position as professor Emeritus at the University of Frankfurt until 1963.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Pollock (387 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Jackson Pollock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The manner in which Pollock's string-like curls and tangles of paint communicate with one another as if in a dance expresses harmony in the midst of dissonance, composure in the midst of chaos.
		In effect, Pollock rebuffs the viewer's focus, thus keeping the viewer suspended and caught in the chaos that he carefully creates.
		Pollock's technique was as innovative as the paintings to which it gave rise.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?id=150 (503 words)

	Karsten H. Piep: ". . . The Neumann-Pollock Debate in Light of Marcuse's 'State and Individual un National ...
		At first glance, Pollock's and Neumann's positions appear almost irreconcilable, for the formers assessment of the economic organization of Nazi Germany strongly emphasizes political factors or "the will to political power" (81), while the latter's analysis is firmly grounded in economic dynamics or the "motivating power of...profit" (192).
		Moreover, Pollock points out that under state capitalism the profit motive is gradually replaced by the power motive, because power is no longer contingent upon individual profits, but upon a close association with the political ruling circles.
		Merging Pollock and Neumann's positions, Marcuse henceforth compares the National Socialistic state to a highly efficient "machine," whose workings are "coordinated in a bureaucratic apparatus which integrates the interests of industry, army, and party" (78).
	clogic.eserver.org /2004/piep1.html (2921 words)

	FRIEDRICH POLLOCK
		La critica di Pollock si avvia nel considerare due insiemi di cause: innanzitutto quelle d’ordine politico, quindi le perturbazioni della divisione internazionale del lavoro, l’inquietudine politica in seguito al primo conflitto mondiale e la sfiducia nel sistema internazionale di credito, a cui si aggiungono fattori di perturbazione economica dovuti allo sviluppo tecnico della produzione agricola.
		Pollock distingue l’economia tedesca dall’ideale di piano da lui teorizzato: la prima è più un “ insieme disarmonico e disarticolato di soluzioni provvisorie progettate per far fronte a compiti e agli oneri creati dalla guerra e dalla corsa agli armamenti”.
		Friedrich Pollock smette di scrivere sulla rivista, e non solo a causa del suo pieno impiego amministrativo all’interno dell’Istituto.
	www.filosofico.net /pollock.htm (9928 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Pollock,
		A painter of the abstract expressionist school (see abstract expressionism), Frankenthaler was greatly influenced by Jackson Pollock, with whom she studied.
		Sizes of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) consumed by the eastern stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Southeast Alaska from 1994 to 1999.
		Elemental signatures in otoliths of larval walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the northeast Pacific Ocean *.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Pollock,&StartAt=11 (886 words)

	Critical Theory and the Crisis of Social Theory: Kellner
		Pollock's "State Capitalism" (Bronner and Kellner 1989:95-118) established a framework for the Institute's later analysis of the new relations between the state and the economy during the postwar era.
		Pollock claims that state capitalism -- in both its "democratic" and "totalitarian" forms -- produces a "command economy" exhibiting a "primacy of the political" whereby the state comes to manage the economy.
		Against Neumann's analysis of fascism in Behemoth (1941), Pollock maintained that "the profit motive is superseded by the power motive." Indeed, the Institute members never agreed about whether economic or political imperatives were primary for the new fascist state.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/critical_voices/kellner_social_theory_crisis.html (8433 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Culture \| A critical exile
		When Horkheimar moved to southern California, along with Friedrich Pollock, who managed the daily affairs of the Institute, Adorno and his wife followed.
		As his genre of choice the essay -- an otherwise despised form in German academia -- allowed Adorno to forward a conscious critique of the predominant, systematic form of presenting a Weltanschauung, one that gave Adorno plenty of scope for irony, humour and playfulness.
		This idea of play permeated Adorno's texts, freeing him, along with Friedrich Schiller's Letters on Aesthetic Education, to explore his topics intuitively and creatively, away from the straightjacket of the system, as it were.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/655/cu4.htm (1415 words)

	2blowhards.com: Pollock's Drip Fractals
		After a chance occurrence got him thinking about possible affinities between Jackson Pollock’s drip paintings and fractals, Dr. Taylor scanned a Pollock drip painting into a computer, then covered the image with a computer-generated mesh of identical squares, and analyzed which squares were occupied by the painted pattern and which were empty.
		When Doc Taylor examined the “statistics” of the Pollock drip painting patterns under different sized-grids—from ones small enough to isolate a single speck of paint to grids a meter square—he found that the Pollock's imagery was of a fractal nature, with the same patterns appearing over the entire scale range.
		Posted by: Friedrich von Blowhard on November 27, 2002 01:13 AM Christopher Alexander has perhaps had more influence in software design (which is what supports my efforts at poetry) than in architecture.
	www.2blowhards.com /archives/000425.html (1560 words)

	The Frankfurt School
		Friedrich Pollock was one of those who had been involved with the Institut from the beginning, and took over the role of Director on the death of Carl Grünberg.
		Pollock was content to concern himself with administrative matters, but he was also a life-long friend and associate of Max Horkheimer, who is probably the figure most identified as the leading representative of the Frankfurt School.
		Max Horkheimer [Archive] later himself became Director of the Institut, and it was Horkheimer who guided the Institut into its innovative exploration of cultural aspects of the development of capitalism.
	www.marxists.org /subject/frankfurt-school (1179 words)

	The Institute of Social Research Frankfurt/Main - History
		Felix Weil studied economics here, began in 1919, the year of the revolution to work on his doctorate in Tübingen, was ejected from Württemberg because of revolutionary agitation, then received his doctorate in 1920 in Frankfurt on the concept of socialization.
		Together with Kurt Albert Gerlach, a young economist who in 1922 was called from a chair in Aachen to Frankfurt, and Friedrich Pollock, a friend from Max Horkheimer's young days he developed the plan for an Institute of Social Research.
		Pollock published the book about Group Experiment and likewise published in the Frankfurt Contributions to Sociology an early work which assessed the economic and social implications of Automation.
	www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de /english/history.htm (3743 words)

	Friedrich Pollock - Life and Works, Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
		Friedrich Pollock was born on 22nd May. His father was a factory owner in Freibug in Br.
		Pollocks habilitation thesis appears as the second volume of the series of the Institut für Sozialforschung
		Pianificazione e teoria critica : l'opera di Friedrich Pollock dal 1923 al 1943 / Carlo Campani; prefazione di Giacomo.
	www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de /archive/epollockvita.html (516 words)

	Friedrich Drake ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Johann Friedrich G¸gel, The Meeting between the Emperor Napoleon and Alexander and King Friedrich Wilhelm III, 19th century
		Johann Friedrich Bause, Portrait Of Emanuel Kant, 1791
		Cornelis Ploos van Amstel, Friedrich V Van der Pfalz and His Wife on the Ice, 1621
	www.wwar.com /masters/d/drake-friedrich.html (776 words)

	The Cambridge Companion to Critical Theory - Cambridge University Press
		Critical Theory was born in the trauma of the Weimar Republic, grew to maturity in expatriation, and achieved cultural currency on its return from exile.
		It is still a vital philosophical and political perspective, and a third generation of critical theorists, among whom Axel Honneth is most prominent, continue to press its concerns largely in terms of the tradition that began in the Weimar years.
		Postone traces the arc of Critical Theory’s involvement with the question of state capitalism and related issues by situating that involvement in terms of general historical movements in Critical Theory and against the background of the reception of Marx’s concept of labor.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0511222009&ss=exc (3185 words)

	postone.html
		Pollock called the Soviet system “state capitalism” but was unable to discern the operation of the law of value in its dynamic.
		From this (Stalinist) experience and from fascism, Pollock embraced a “pessimism” about any possible positive supersession of capitalism, a pessimism that was taken over by the Frankfurt School generally, Horkheimer and Adorno first of all.
		They are of course welcome to their pessimism, and they had plenty of company in embracing it at “midnight in the century”, as Victor Serge called those years.
	home.earthlink.net /~lrgoldner/postone.html (2674 words)

	artnet.com Magazine News - Turning Over the Soil at ADAA
		Friedrich Petzel Gallery Booth with works by Martin Kippenberger and Jorge Pardo
		This year's pack of contemporary dealers include Friedrich Petzel, Cheim and Read, David Zwirner and Brent Sikkema, all of which joined the Art Dealers Association in the last few years.
		Friedrich Petzel, one of the newest members of the ADAA and a first-time exhibitor at the Art Show, said he does see the ADAA changing.
	www.artnet.com /Magazine/news/lpollock/pollock2-24-05.asp (1249 words)

	Glossary of People: Po
		Pollock’s father was a factory owner in Freibug.
		After travelling to the Soviet Union in 1927/28 he wrote Attempts at Planned Economy in the Soviet Unions 1917-1927 with which he qualified as a university lecturer and took up a position as lecturer at Frankfurt University.
		In 1933, Pollock emigrated along with Horkhemer to London, and on to Genf, Paris and finally New York, where he was Seminar leader and managing director in the Institute for Social Research until in 1950, returning to Frankfurt to re-establish the Institute for Social Research.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/p/o.htm (2371 words)

	Goethe-Institut Germany thinks - Research and Society - Research Centres from A to Z
		The Institute of Social Research was established as a foundation in Frankfurt am Main in 1923, and was closed by the National Socialist government in 1933, though some of its members were able to continue their work in the USA.
		When they returned after the war, Max Horkheimer, Friedrich Pollock and Theodor W. Adorno reinstated the Institute in Frankfurt in 1950.
		It is financed by the foundation of the same name, which is supported in turn by the federal state of Hesse, the city of Frankfurt am Main and Frankfurt University.
	www.goethe.de /wis/fut/prj/for/for/en1214051.htm (258 words)

	Lowenthal, Leo. Papers: Guide.
		During the war years it relocated to Columbia University (as the Institute of Social Research) and was reestablished in Frankfurt am Main, in 1949 under the direction of Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno.
		Chiefly correspondence between Lowenthal and Adorno, Horkheimer, and Friedrich Pollock, along with correspondence and scattered writings of each of the above.
		Items 3,4 and 5 contain notes to Leo Lowenthal from Friedrich Pollock.
	oasis.harvard.edu:10080 /oasis/deliver/~hou00758 (1491 words)

	Marriages and Births Pi : Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Genealogy
		PLEUSS: Friedrich m: Maria (nee) Leverenz children: Auguste Sophia Wilhelmine (b.
		POLLOCK: Friedrick (see Friedrich Pollack..may be same people) m: Justine Black children: Wilhelm Eduard (b.
		PRAHL: Albert Johann August b: 14 Aug. 1841 at Woldenburg Hinterpommern res: Rantoul, Calumet Co., WI p: Friedrich Prahl and Friedricke Wussow m: 18 June 1866 to: Caroline Johanne Gotter b: 17 Oct. 1849 at Peterkaschutz Niederschlesien res: Rantoul, Calumet Co., WI p: Georg Gotter and Rosine Prescott children: Heinrich August Albert (b.
	www.2manitowoc.com /marPi.html (8563 words)

	Essays on Music: INTRODUCTION
		On 30 January 1933, the day of Hitler's ascendancy, the house shared by Horkheimer and Friedrich Pollock in a Frankfurt suburb was seized by Hitler's SS.
		During the late 1940s Horkheimer, Pollock, and Adorno gradually reached a decision to return to Frankfurt and reestablish the Institute.
		Horkheimer, Adorno and Pollock could count on being met with patience and good intentions precisely because they were, and remained, the exceptions.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9275/9275.intro.html (17272 words)

	NOEMA > IDEAS
		Institut members Friedrich Pollock and Otto Kirchheimer were among the first to characterize the new "state capitalism" of the 1930s (8).
		Overcoming the traditional Marxist portrayal of monopoly capitalism, which had met its dialectical contradiction in the crisis of 1929, they described a definitive shift away from the liberal system where production and distribution were governed by contractualized market relations between individual agents.
		What we now remember most are the theory and critique of the culture industry, and the essay of that name; but much more important at the time was a volume of sociological research called The Authoritarian Personality, published in 1950 (11).
	www.noemalab.org /sections/ideas/ideas_articles/holmes_personality.html (5742 words)

	Illuminations: Bronner
		It also was not simply for want of interest that the contributions of Leo Lowenthal and Siegfried Kracauer to the sociology of culture or Otto Kirchheimer, Friedrich Pollock, and Franz Neumann to law and political economy, have been omitted.
		Korsch exerted an important influence during this and among the important scholars were Fritz Sternberg, Henryk Grossmann, Friedrich Pollock.
		Many members were aligned with the communist movement and its perspective on the state and monopoly capitalism even carried over into certain important writings of the 1930s.
	www.uta.edu /english/dab/illuminations/bron1.html (3941 words)

	Herbert Marcuse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		In 1933 Marcuse became an associate of the newly established branch of the Institut in Geneva, and in 1934, when the Institut moved to New York and set itself up at Columbia University as the International Institute of Social Research, Marcuse was the first to join its staff there.
		Horkheimer, Pollock, Marcuse, and Lowenthal, with newcomer Franz Neumann, all worked together in the New York center, teaching, giving public lectures, and engaging in research; Adorno, after four years in England, joined them briefly after 1938.
		Much of the effort of the Institut in these years was directed towards rescuing anti-Nazi intellectuals and guaranteeing them a means of livelihood.
	www.21stcenturyschools.com /Herbert_Marcuse.htm (3470 words)

	Theodor Adorno (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Politically and economically he responds to a theory of state capitalism proposed by Friedrich Pollock during the war years.
		An economist by training who was supposed to contribute a chapter to Dialectic of Enlightenment but never did (Wiggershaus 1994, 313-19), Pollock argued that the state had acquired dominant economic power in Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and New Deal America.
		He called this new constellation of politics and economics "state capitalism." While acknowledging with Pollock that political and economic power have become more tightly meshed, Adorno does not think this fact changes the fundamentally economic character of capitalist exploitation.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/adorno (6904 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Max Horkheimer
		Max Horkheimer was born on 14 February 1895 in Stuttgart, the son of the factory owner Moses Horkheimer.
		After High School, Max began vocational training in order to follow his father into the business world, but in 1911 he met Friedrich Pollock (1894-1970).
		Pollock’s insights into economics impressed the slightly younger Horkheimer, and they formed a lifelong friendship.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=2208 (704 words)

	Theodor Adorno
		Politically and economically he responds to a theory of state capitalism proposed by Friedrich Pollock during the war years.
		An economist by training who was supposed to contribute a chapter to Dialectic of Enlightenment but never did (Wiggershaus 1994, 313-19), Pollock argued that the state had acquired dominant economic power in Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and New Deal America.
		He called this new constellation of politics and economics "state capitalism." While acknowledging with Pollock that political and economic power have become more tightly meshed, Adorno does not think this fact changes the fundamentally economic character of capitalist exploitation.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall2003/entries/adorno (6903 words)

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