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	Friedrich Robert Helmert: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Friedrich Robert Helmert (* July 31 1843 in Freiberg (additional info and facts about Freiberg), Saxonia; † June 15 1917 in Potsdam (additional info and facts about Potsdam)) was a celebrated German geodesist (additional info and facts about geodesist) and an important writer on the theory of errors.
		In 1870 Helmert became instructor and in 1872 professor at RWTH Aachen (additional info and facts about RWTH Aachen), the new Technical University in Aachen.
		From 1887 Helmert was professor of advanced geodesy at the University of Berlin (additional info and facts about University of Berlin) and director of the Geodetic Institute.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fr/friedrich_robert_helmert.htm (548 words)

	Friedrich Robert Helmert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After schooling in Freiberg and Dresden Helmert entered the Polytechnische Schule in Dresden to study engineering science in 1859.
		In 1863 Helmert became Nagel's assistant on the measurement of degrees.
		After a year's study of mathematics and astronomy Helmert obtained his doctor's degree from the University of Leipzig in 1867 for a thesis based on his work for Nagel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Robert_Helmert (561 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page : F/FR/FRI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Friedrich Heer (1916 - 1983) was a historian born in Vienna.
		Friedrich Simon Archenhold (* 2 October 1861 in Lichtenau in Westphalia; † 14 October 1939 in Berlin) was an astronomer and cofounder of the Archenhold Observatory in Berlin-Treptow.
		Friedrich V was married to Sophie von Polen, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiello and Elisabeth Habsburg, the mother of the Jagiellos.
	www.alanaditescili.net /browse.php?title=F/FR/FRI (10998 words)

	Geodesy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Geodesy is primarily concerned with positioning and the gravity field and geometrical aspects of their temporal variations, although it can also include the study of the Earth's magnetic field.
		As Torge also remarks, the shape of the earth is to a large extent the result of its gravity field.
		Point positioning is the determination of the coordinates of a point on land, at sea, or in space with respect to a coordinate system.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Geodesy (2853 words)

	Learn more about Geodesy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Some would also include the study of the Earth's magnetic field.
		Wolfgang Torge quotes in his 2001 textbook Geodesy (3rd edition) Friedrich Robert Helmert as defining geodesy as "the science of the measurement and mapping of the earth's surface."
		As Torge also remarks, the shape of the earth is to a large extent shaped by its gravity field.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/ge/geodesy.html (221 words)

	Rapport Secr. Gén. Angl — copie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With this, and with Helmert's death in 1917, ended a fruitful period of international cooperation, although several neutral states continued some of the programmes, and the Prussian Geodetic Institute continued to function as the Central Bureau.
		From a synthetic evaluation of the influences of continental land-masses, Helmert concluded that the values of geoidal undulations were likely to lie within a range of 400 m; but by taking into account plausible isostatic compensation, the actual geoidal variation was likely to be within ± 27 m.
		The following phase of the "Internationale Erdmessung" (1886-1916) was essentially determined by Friedrich Robert Helmert in his role as Director of both the Prussian Geodetic Institute and of the IAG Central Bureau.
	www.gfy.ku.dk /~iag/handbook/his.htm (3891 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Helmert-Wolf blocking
		Friedrich Robert Helmert (1843-1917) reported on the use of such systems for Geodesy in his book "Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie, 1.
		Helmut Wolf (1910-1994) published the direct semianalytic formulas in matrix form for its solution in his paper "The Helmert block method, its origin and development", Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Problems Related to the Redefinition of North American Geodetic Networks, Arlington, Va. April 24-28, 1978, pages 319-326.
		The HWB solution is really fast to compute but it is optimal only if observational errors do not correlate between the data blocks.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Helmert-Wolf_blocking (256 words)

	Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (H)
		The HELMERT TRANSFORMATION is an orthogonal transformation that the geodesist F.
		Helmert used to obtain the distribution (in effect) of the sample variance for a normal population.
		Helmert was a well-known writer on the theory of errors and his work was described in German textbooks.
	members.aol.com /jeff570/h.html (5600 words)

	All words on Geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wolfgang Torge quotes in his 2001 textbook Geodesy (3rd edition) Friedrich Robert Helmert as defining geodesy as "''the science of the measurement and mapping of the earth's surface''." As Torge also remarks, the shape of the earth is to a large extent the result of its gravity field.
		This applies to the solid surface (orogeny; few mountains are higher than 10 km, few deep sea trenches deeper than that).
		Thus we have vertical datums like the NAP (Normaal Amsterdams Peil), the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88), the Kronstadt datum, the Trieste datum, etc. In case of plane or spatial coordinates, we typically need several datum points.
	www.allwords.org /ge/geodesy.html (3497 words)

	Probability - Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The method of least squares is due to Adrien-Marie Legendre (1805), who introduced it in his Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes.
		Further proofs were given by Laplace (1810, 1812), Gauss (1823), James Ivory (1825, 1826), Hagen (1837), Friedrich Bessel (1838), Donkin (1844, 1856), and Morgan Crofton (1870).
		In the nineteenth century authors on the general theory included Laplace, Sylvestre Lacroix (1816), Littrow (1833), Adolphe Quetelet (1853), Richard Dedekind (1860), Helmert (1872), Hermann Laurent (1873), Liagre, Didion, and Karl Pearson.
	www.gamezone.freegames.eu.com /wiki/index.php?title=Probability (2664 words)

	F. R. Helmert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The extremely fast semi-analytic solution of Helmert's method was first reported by Wolf (1978).
		The covariance matrix of estimated parameters was reported in Lange (1982) “Multipath propagation of VLF Omega signals”, IEEE PLANS '82 - Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record, December 1982, see pages 302-309 (308).
		F.R. Helmert's personal details please let us know by email Helmert@fkf.net.
	fkf.net /Helmert.html (110 words)

	PROBABILITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The method of least squares is due to Adrien-Marie Legendre, who introduced it in his Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes.
		Further proofs were given by Laplace, Gauss, James Ivory, Hagen, Friedrich Bessel, Donkin, and Morgan Crofton.
		Peters's formula for r, the probable error of a single observation, is well known.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/pr/Probability.htm (2329 words)

	Volume 6 Annotations Chapter 36
		Helmert referred in particular to page 173 of Peirce's introduction.
		The Paris measurements listed by Helmert are 3860, 3860, 3860, 3859, 3899, and 3950 respectively, of which the last measurement is Peirce's (211).
		Helmert seems to have been unaware of Peirce's discussion of Förster's paper in a later addition to his "On the Value of Gravity at Paris" (published in 1881), and where Peirce gave a new measure of 3917.5 (W4:150-51).
	www.iupui.edu /~peirce/writings/v6/W6ann/W6ann36.htm (5444 words)

	R FAQ
		R was initially written by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the Department of Statistics of the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand.
		The Windows version of R was created by Robert Gentleman and Guido Masarotto, and is now being developed and maintained by Duncan Murdoch and Brian D. Ripley.
		Last, but not least, Ross' and Robert's experience in designing and implementing R is described in Ihaka and Gentleman (1996), “R: A Language for Data Analysis and Graphics”, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5, 299–314.
	cran.r-project.org /doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html#Why-does-outer_0028_0029-behave-strangely-with-my-function_003f (11207 words)

	NARA - Military Agency Records - Military Agency Records RG 226
		July 1945; XL 15877 Safehaven report on the interest of Friedrich Krupp A.G. of Germany in the Swedish mining firms.
		1945; XL 34048 Assets in Sweden of Friedrich Krupp.
		Safehaven report on Berndorfar Kruppmetallwerke A.G. Lucerne, Switzerland, a subsidiary of Friedrich Krupp; and Eisen-U Metall A.G., Eisenag, Zurich, Switzerland, and Kohlenunion Geldner, Basel, subsidiaries of Vereinigte Stahlwerke.
	www.archives.gov /research/holocaust/finding-aid/military/rg-226-3g.html (13540 words)

	[No title]
		(?Robert Heinlein) Hartree's Law: Whatever the state of a project, the time a project-leader will estimate for completition is constant.
		(Robert Metcalfe) Moore's Law: Transistor die sizes are cut in half every 24 months.
		Carbon Fiber Man Malte Helmert has completed the game with the most severe equipment restriction posssible - only 100s of inventory can be carried at any given time.
	codemonkey.sunsite.dk /projects/beyond/newsgroupnotes.txt (16467 words)

	A history of mathematical statistics from 1750 to 1930-Hald
		Dutka, J. Robert Adrain and the method of least squares.
		Helmert, F. Über die Berechnung des wahrscheinlichen Fehlers aus einer endlichen Anzahl wahrer Beobachtungsfehler.
		In Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) (I. Schneider, ed.), pp.
	myriam.ulpgc.es /722468.htm (10723 words)

	USGS Astro: Planetary Nomenclature - Nomenclature H (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		L L Hahn 31.3N 73.6E 84.0 EU GE 5 1935 66 AA Friedrich von; German astronomer (1741-1805); Otto; German chemist (1879-1968).
		L L Helmert 7.6S 87.6E 26.0 EU GE 5 1973 0 AA Friedrich Robert; German astronomer, geodesist (1843-1917).
		L L Hooke 41.2N 54.9E 36.0 EU GB 5 1935 66 AA Robert; British physicist, inventor (1635-1703).
	planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov /alpha/alphH.html (7100 words)

	The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Robert Haußner
		Click here to see the students listed in chronological order.
		According to our current on-line database, Robert Haußner has 14 students and 216 descendants.
		If you have additional information or corrections regarding this mathematician, please use the update form.
	genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu /html/id.phtml?id=43955 (113 words)

	[No title]
		The group currently consists of Doug Bates, John Chambers, Peter Dalgaard, Robert Gentleman, Kurt Hornik, Stefano Iacus, Ross Ihaka, Friedrich Leisch, Thomas Lumley, Martin Maechler, Guido Masarotto, Paul Murrell, Brian Ripley, Duncan Temple Lang, and Luke Tierney.
		The Windows version of R was created by Robert Gentleman, and is now being developed and maintained by Guido Masarotto
		Last, but not least, Ross' and Robert's experience in designing and implementing R is described in Ihaka & Gentleman (1996), "R: A Language for Data Analysis and Graphics", _Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics_, 5, 299-314.
	www.utdallas.edu /~ammann/Rabundance/Rwin/faq (9280 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE Zeno G. Swijtink
		1995, "Helmert's work in the theory of errors." Archive for History of Exact Sciences 49, no. 1, 73-104.
		1996k Review of Carl Friedrich Gauss, Theory of the combination of observations least subject to error: part one, part two, supplement = Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimus obnoxiae : pars prior, pars posterior, supplementum / by Carl Friedrich Gauss ; translated by G.W. Stewart.
		Shapin has argued that Boyle considered the readers of his experimental reports to have a similar epistemological role as those gentlemen that he invited in his laboratory to witness the proceedings and to validate his observations.
	www.sonoma.edu /users/s/swijtink/vita.htm (5858 words)

	C.F. Gauss Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Friedrich Robert Helmert (1843 - 1917) was an outstanding theoretical geodist.
		As the long-term General Secretary of the Internationale Erdmessung (today the IAG), he was successful in soliciting international support to initiate global field campaigns to determine the figure of the Earth and to understand its dynamics.
		To return to the previous list, hit your browser's back button
	www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/faculties/GS/funding/internal_scholarships/lev_4/helmert.htm (178 words)

	UofC Geomatics Engineering - What is Geomatics Engineering?
		from: Friedrich Robert Helmert: "Akademie - Vorträge" S.3
		But it also reflects that geodesy touches on legal and planning aspects.
		In the late 19th century, F.R. Helmert narrowed the definition of geodesy down to "
	www.geomatics.ucalgary.ca /whatisit/geodesy.html (314 words)

	Another booklist
		Helmert Friedrich Robert Akademie-Vorträge Nachrichten aus dem Karten- und Vermessungswesen, Reihe 1, Heft 109, Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie, Berlin 1993, 369 p.
		Ackermann Friedrich Numerische Photogrammetrie Wichmann, Karlsruhe 1973, 282 p.
		Gabel, Robert A., Roberts, Richard A. Signals and Linear Systems, 3.
	foto.hut.fi /publications/books/oldbooks.html (12628 words)

	R devel 1997: By Thread (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		R-alpha: NA in data frame not detected Friedrich Leisch
		Re: R-alpha: Re: Extensions.R and.Rd (in base/funs/ and base/man/) Robert Gentleman
		Re: R-alpha: Proposal for a new R doc source format Friedrich Leisch
	www.r-project.org /nocvs/mail/r-devel/1997 (3518 words)

	AI Magazine Complete Contents Listing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Duvvuru Sriram, George Stephanopoulos, Robert Logcher, David Gossard, Nicholas Groleau, David Serrano, Dundee Navinchandra
		Robert Neches, Richard Fikes, Tim Finin, Thomas Gruber, Ramesh Patil, Ted Senator, William R. Swartout
		Robert Nado, Melanie Chams, Jeff Delisio, Walter Hamscher
	www.aaai.org /Magazine/Editorial/issues.html (5732 words)

	Portraits of Statisticians
		BECHHOFER, Robert with SOBEL, Milton (left) and GUPTA, Shanti S (right)
		SOBEL, Milton with BECHHOFER, Robert (centre) and GUPTA, Shanti S (right)
		TUKEY, John Wilder 1915-2000 with ANDERSON, Theodore Wilbur
	www.york.ac.uk /depts/maths/histstat/people (240 words)

	Neuropsychological outcome after unilateral pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease -- Rettig et al. 69 ...
		(preoperative to 3 months, preoperative to 12 months), and Helmert
		Language in normal aging and age-related neurological diseases.
		Margolin DI, Pate DS, Friedrich FJ, et al.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/69/3/326 (6127 words)

	History of Astronomy: Persons (H)
		Seeing Further, The Legacy of Robert Hooke, by Kathy A. Miles
		Memorial plaque for Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke, Oxford, UK
		Find more about Hooke and astronomy with Alta Vista
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~pbrosche/persons/pers_h.html (536 words)

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