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	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Friedrich Heer (1916 - 1983) was a historian born in Vienna.
		Friedrich Simon Archenhold (* 2 October 1861 in Lichtenau in Westphalia; † 14 October 1939 in Berlin) was an astronomer and cofounder of the Archenhold Observatory in Berlin-Treptow.
		Friedrich V was married to Sophie von Polen, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiello and Elisabeth Habsburg, the mother of the Jagiellos.
	www.alanaditescili.net /browse.php?title=F/FR/FRI (11020 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The most important of the opium poppy's constitutents, morphine, was isolated in 1803 by a 20-year-old German pharmacist named Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner.
		Within half a century, dozens of alkaloids, such as atropine, caffeine, cocaine, and quinine, had been isolated from other plants and were being used in precisely measured doseages for the first time.
		1803: Morphine was isolated by German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner.
	tigger.uic.edu /~krumpolc/opium.htm (1113 words)

	Friedrich Serturner Biography / Biography of Friedrich Serturner Biography Biography
		Friedrich Serturner (1783-1841) successfully isolated the morphine crystals contained in dried poppy resin, thus creating a powerful new painkilling substance that could be prescribed by physicians in predictable potencies.
		It was a powerful new method for easing pain and eliminated the dangers of overdose associated with raw poppy juice, which varied unpredictably in its concentration of morphine from one batch to another.
		Serturner was born Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Ferdinand Serturner.....
	www.bookrags.com /biography-friedrich-serturner (213 words)

	Wikipedia: Morphine
		Orally, it comes as an elixir or in tablet form.
		It was first isolated in 1803 by the German pharmacist Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner, who named it 'morphium' after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams.
		But it was not until the development of the hypodermic syringe (1853) that its use spread.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/m/mo/morphine.html (245 words)

	May 21: Morphine's 200th Birthday - Medgadget - www.medgadget.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the early 1800s Friedrich Serturner (1783-1841), a pharmacist's apprentice in Germany, was working on isolating the active principle of opium.
		Serturner's first discovery in 1805, was a new acid, "mekonsaure" or "mohnsaure", present in opium.1 However, trials on dogs revealed that mekonsaure was inactive.
		From the time of its discovery by Serturner, morphine was manufactured and used in an oral form, morphine acetate, which was a difficult and expensive salt to prepare.
	www.medgadget.com /archives/2005/05/may_21_morphine_1.html (846 words)

	Encyclopedia: Morphine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Opened for signature March 30, 1961 at New York Entered into force December 13, 1964[1] Conditions for entry into force 40 ratifications Parties 180[2] The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is the international treaty against illicit drug manufacture and trafficking that forms the...
		Morphine was first isolated in 1803 by the German pharmacist Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner, who named it 'morphium' after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams.
		But it was not until the development of the hypodermic needle (1853) that its use spread.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Morphine (2432 words)

	The Trinidad Guardian -Online Edition Ver 2.0
		In 1803, a German drug clerk named Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner first isolated a yellowish-white substance in raw opium that turned out to be its primary active ingredient.
		In the scientific community, Serturner’s discovery was recognised as a major achievement of its time.
		It was not until 1856, however, with the invention of the hypodermic syringe, that morphine became a widely accepted medical drug.
	www.guardian.co.tt /archives/2003-05-03/pastor-dottin.html (1106 words)

	A Small Dose Of... The History of Toxicology
		He also created many wax models of human anatomy and sold them to Emperor Joseph II of Austria for his military medical academy.
		Serturner was the first successful scientist in isolating morphene crystals from the poppy plant, in effect creating a much stronger and more effective painkiller.
		Born in France, Magendie researched the different motor functions of the body in relation to the spine, as well as nerves within it.
	www.asmalldoseof.org /historyoftox/1700s.htox.php (293 words)

	History
		In 1805, German chemist Friedrich Serturner isolated the pure active ingredient in opium.
		Serturner's discovery was the first isolation of an active ingredient from any drug.
		He proved that pure chemicals within plants are what interact with the body to cause internal physiological changes.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/anphys/1999/Self/History.htm (333 words)

	Weird Science Fact File - Facts 1241 to 1260 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		1241/ In 1806, morphine was isolated by the German chemist, Friedrich Serturner.
		Serturner named his discovery morphine, from Morpheus, the Roman god of sleep, and tested it on himself.
		His results were not encouraging: " I consider it my duty," he wrote, "to attract attention to the terrible effects of this new substance in order that calamity may be averted".
	www.firstscience.com /SITE/factfile/factfile1241_1260.asp (934 words)

	Natural Remedies - Naked Scientists - 2005
		Later, in 1775, William Withering, an English physician and botanist, also applied the principles of folk medicine and used the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea) for the treatment of 'dropsy' - a condition in which fluid accumulates in the skin or a body cavity, usually as a result of heart failure.
		Hot on his heals, in 1803, came German scientist Friedrich Serturner, who was the first to isolate from poppy flowers (figure 1) one of our most powerful painkillers, morphine, which remains in widespread use today.
		Serturner originally named his new alkaloid morphia, after Morpheus the Greek god of dreams, but it is now termed morphine because, by convention, the names of all alkaloids end in -ine.
	www.thenakedscientists.com /html/Columnists/davinacolumn2.htm (1636 words)

	History
		Hahnemann was a proponent of good clean living, better public hygiene and being one with the elements of nature.
		The first major breakthrough occurred in 1803 in Germany when Friedrich Serturner was able to extract and isolate morphine from the opium poppy.
		In 1790, while translating A Treatise on Materia Medica, by Dr William Cullen, Hahnemann came across a passage about the properties of Peruvian bark, or cinchona, which was to radically change his life.
	www.drvaishnav.com /History.htm (763 words)

	Medicinals
		Opium was known to be a mixture of plant chemicals, and the only way to standardize doses for pain relief would require separating the components of opium.
		Friedrich Serturner (1783-1841) extracted crystals of a bitter alkaline substance, which he masked with sugar syrup and fed to mice, cats, and dogs.
		Using trial and error, he worked out doses that would put these animals to sleep but not cause coma or death.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/landau/medicinals.htm (4541 words)

	A brief history of drugs
		The habit of drunkenness is a disease of the mind." [Quoted in Roueche, op.
		87-88] 1805 Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner, a German chemist, isolates and describes morphine.
		p 152] 1864 Adolf von Baeyer, a twenty-nine-year-old assistant of Friedrich August Kekule (the discoverer of the molecular structure of benzene) in Ghent, synthesizes barbituric acid, the first barbiturate.
	www.sky.org /data/politiikka/drughist.html (5916 words)

	SURGERY
		The first modern anesthetics were found by chance - it couldn't have been otherwise - and by personal experience.
		As early as 1800 Sir Humphry Davis suggested that nitrous oxide might serve the purpose, and in 1803 the German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner had derived morphine from opium; but probably because he had tried it on dogs, in which morphine can cause maniacal excitement, its value as an anesthetic was not recognized for several decades.
		Horace Wills, an American dentist, finally used Humphry Davy's nitrous oxide to extract the tooth of a colleague, and thus the so-called laughing gas found its way into practice.
	www.animalvoices.org /page9.htm (1124 words)

	A brief history of pharmacology
		Synthetic organic chemistry was born in 1828, when Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from inorganic substances and thus demolished the vital force theory.
		Pharmacology depends largely on experiments conducted in laboratory animals, but even the human animal may be used as a test subject.
		Friedrich Serturner, the German pharmacist who isolated the first alkaloid from opium in 1805, administered a whopping dose (100 mg) to himself and three friends.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v04/i05/html/05timeline.html (1871 words)

	In the arms of Morpheus: the development of morphine for postoperative pain relief -- Hamilton and Baskett 47 (4): 367 ...
		isolated from opium by Friedrich Serturner in 1805.
		Serturner's first discovery in 1805, was a new acid,
		From the time of its discovery by Serturner, morphine was manufactured
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/47/4/367 (3559 words)

	Original American Addicts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Advances in chemistry allowed the extraction of the active ingredients from drug-containing plant products such as coca leaf, opium and ergot fungus.
		The man who isolated morphine, Friedrich Serturner, was cruelly repaid for his effort when his wife became addicted to the drug and died.
		These syringes were made of metal and glass and were a good deal less wieldy than the diabetic syringes intravenous addicts use today, but they did the trick.
	www.addictiondoctor.com /pages/stereotype2.htm (571 words)

	Kong JM et al / Acta Pharmacol Sin 2003 Jan; 24 (1): 7-21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the nineteenth century, scientists began purifying the active extracts from medicinal plants.
		One breakthrough in pharmaceutical chemistry came when Friedrich Serturner isolated morphine from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) in 1806.
		Continuing this progress, Justus von Liebeg, a German scientist became a leader in pioneering the field of pharmacology.
	www.chinaphar.com /pub/zky/qikanbj/aps/1671-4083/24/7.htm (7619 words)

	On Target - Weekly Journal, Issue March 25, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		However, it is probable that an analgesic such as opium would have been given following surgery although its use may not have been recorded.
		Postoperative opium use was first described was by James Moore in 1784 and morphine was isolated from opium by Friedrich Serturner in 1805.
		However, it was not until the development of the hypodermic needle and syringe, nearly 50 years, later that the use of morphine became widespread.
	www.targethealth.com /ontarget/2001/03252001.htm (2082 words)

	[No title]
		The exact definition of an alkaloid will depend on whom you talk to, but in general they are any number of colorless, complex and bitter organic bases containing nitrogen and usually oxygen that occur in plants and frequently have significant pharmacological activity.
		The term 'alkaloid' was first coined by the German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner while working with opium (Pendell, 1995).
		He isolated a substance which reacted chemically like a base and since bases are sometimes called alkalis (Zumdahl et.
	www.humboldt.edu /~morgan/caff_s05.htm (5918 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters describes the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiter's nucleus)
		Julius Bernstein hypothesized that a nerve impulse is a "wave of negativity"
		Wilhelm Heinrich Erb and Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal describe the knee jerk reflex
	pdbio.byu.edu /neuroscience/pages/Deborah.htm (1266 words)

	Fun science trivia questions answers and facts. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		What suntan lotion was developed by Dr. Ben Green in 1944 to protect pilots who bailed out over the Pacific?
		What was Friedrich Serturner the first to extract from opium and use as a pain reliever?
		What are you shopping for if you are sized up by a Brannock Device?
	www.triviaplaying.com /18_science_Q_.htm (484 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The End of Stress As We Know It (2002)
		The ancient Greeks and Romans were familiar with opium's abil- ity to ease pain, promote sleep, and produce a calm and quiet sense of euphoria.
		In 1805 a German chemist named Friedrich Serturner iso- late(1 opium's active ingredient, pure morphine, from the poppy a breakthrough discovery.
		Medicines obtained directly from plants can only be taken orally because they are impure.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309076404/html/154.html (6749 words)

	Milestones in Neuroscience Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		1801 - Adam Friedrich Wilhelm Serturner crystalizes opium and obtains morphine
		1869 - Johann Friedrich Horner describes eye disorder (small pupil, droopy eyelid) later to be called "Horner's syndrome"
		1875 - Wilhelm Heinrich Erb and Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal describe the knee jerk reflex
	www.bioguider.com /Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=2218 (5326 words)

	writer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Both men claim to have first turned to the drugs for medicinal reasons, like pain or neuralgic complaints.
		In 1803, Friedrich Serturner was able to derive both codeine and morphine from opium.
		Drug use would be facilitated by the invention of the hypodermic syringe
	www.romantictimes.com /g_writer/g2_1096.html (682 words)

	LB Society Forum -- Archive, LB
		French and British novels used opium as a plot device for suicide and murder.
		in 1805 Friedrich W. Serturner, a German pharmacologist student isolated a crystalline salt from opium and named it morphine after the Morpheus, the "God of Dreams"
		Commercial manufacture began in the 1820s in Britain, and 1830 in the USA
	www.lizzieandrewborden.com /Archive203/Lborden/LBchangemind.htm (9260 words)

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