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Topic: Friedrich Wohler

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wohler received his medical degree in 1823 and on graduating from Heidelberg, on Gmelin's advice, he decided to give up practical medicine and take up the study of chemistry with the leading chemist of Europe, Jöns Jacob Berzelius*, in Stockholm.
		Wohler's interest in cyanates also led, in 1828, to a scientific breakthrough, when he created urea, an organic substance, from ammonium cyanate, an inorganic compound.
		Wohler was also fascinated by geological samples that were sent to him from all over the world by friends and ex-students.
	www.cyburkespace.info /content/nodes/Wohler.txt (860 words)

	FRIEDRICH EBERT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Friedrich Ebert (February 4, 1871—February 28, 1925) was a German politician (SPD), who served as the 9th Chancellor of Germany and its first president during the Weimar period.
		(Ironically, years later, Ebert's son, Friedrich 'Fritz' Ebert, became a Communist, served as Mayor of East Berlin, and briefly acted as East German interim head of state.) When the Constituent Assembly met in Weimar in February, 1919, Ebert was chosen to be the first president of the German Republic.
		In spite of Ebert's support for the violent suppression of revolutionary uprisings, the German workers protected his government from the Kapp Putsch in 1920 by means of a nation-wide general strike.
	www.news-olympics.com /Friedrich_Ebert (1027 words)

	Friedrich Wöhler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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		Friedrich Wöhler (July 31, 1800 - September 23, 1882) was a German chemist, best-known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several of the elements.
		He was born in Eschersheim near Frankfurt am Main.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Wohler (698 words)

	Organics? Elementary....Wait! On Wohler and his times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wohler went on to become professor of chemistry at Gottingen, where he became interested in substances that could release cyanide when heated.
		Wohler excitedly wrote to Berzelius: "I must tell you that I can prepare urea without requiring a kidney of an animal, either man or dog." He somewhatremorsefully added that he had witnessed "the great tragedy of science, the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact."
		Although Wohler had shown that there was nothing mystical about organic materials, neither he nor his contemporaries could explain why they behaved differentlyfrom inorganic substances.
	classes.yale.edu /chem220a/studyaids/history/lighter%20side/wohler%20and%20urea.htm (1162 words)

	Mendel Chapter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born in 1800 at Escherheim, Wohler became interested in chemistry at a very early age, often neglecting the formal part of his education to collect rocks carry out experiments.
		This discovery directly challenged the concept that the 'chemistry of life' was operating under different rules, and also suggested that it might be possible to study what was going on in a living organism using the traditional tools of the chemist.
		The personalities of the two men could not have been more different, but their work together lead to some fundamental breakthroughs in chemistry, including the fact that the spatial configuration of atoms joined into molecules is an important property of compounds.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Liebig.html (502 words)

	Friedrich Wohler
		A pioneer in the field of organic chemistry, Wohler is famous for his synthesis
		By this contribution he proved, contrary to scientific thinking of the time, that a product of the living processes of animals could be made in the laboratory from inorganic materials.
		Wohler also conducted important research on uric acid and the oil of bitter almonds, in collaboration with the German chemist Baron Justus von Liebig, and isolated the chemical elements aluminium and beryllium (1827-1828).
	www.homepages.hetnet.nl /~b1beukema/wohler.html (182 words)

	Friedrich Wohler - Air Purifier Resource
		Friedrich Wohler (1800-1882) Studied with Gmelin and with Berzelius (1823).
		Wohler's lectures for students at Göttingen were given four days a week beginning at 6 A.M. There is no mention as to when they ended.) Wohler collaborated with Liebig on the chemistry of the benzoyl radical and...
		WOHLER, FRIEDRICH (1800-1882), German chemist, was born at Eschersheim, near Frankfort-on-the-Main, on the 3ist...
	www.airpurifierresource.com /resources/23/friedrich-wohler.html (248 words)

	Friedrich Wohler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wohler's lectures for students at Göttingen were given four days a week beginning at 6 A.M. (There is no mention as to when they ended.) Wohler collaborated with Liebig on the chemistry of the benzoyl radical and he corresponded extensively with Berzelius.
		In 1828, Wohler converted ammonium cyanate, an inorganic compound, into urea, an organic compound.
		Nonetheless, Berzelius was impressed because the result was an example of isomerism, a topic of interest to him.
	classes.yale.edu /chem220a/studyaids/history/chemists/wohler.html (101 words)

	AllRefer.com - Friedrich WOhler (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Chemistry, Biographies > Friedrich WOhler
		Friedrich WOhler[frE´drikh vO´lur] Pronunciation Key, 1800–1882, German chemist.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Friedrich Wohler
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Wohler-F.html (220 words)

	Tomago Aluminium - About Aluminium - History
		Then in 1825, a small lump of aluminium was produced by Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist, whose work was further developed by Friederick Wohler of Germany.
		Wohler's process was also improved by the French chemist Henri Sainte-Claire Deville who, with the assistance of France's Emperor Napoleon III, opened the world's first aluminium factory in 1859, at Glaciere near Paris.
		Aluminium "as big as pin heads" was produced by Friedrich Wohler in Berlin.
	www.tomago.com.au /alum/alhistory.html (503 words)

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	Additional Reading (from Wohler, Friedrich) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Along with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Schelling was one of the chief successors of Immanuel Kant in German philosophy.
		The subjective vision of German epic and lyric poet Friedrich Klopstock marked a break with the rationalism that had dominated German literature in the early 18th century.
		After more than a century of obscurity, the lyric poetry of Friedrich Hölderlin came to be recognized as some of the finest writing in the German language.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-7991 (838 words)

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	BBC - h2g2 - Organic Chemistry
		It was first born in 1828 when Friedrich Wohler accidentally synthesized urea
		Up until Wohler's discovery, scientists had assumed that organic chemicals could not be created through inorganic means.
		Wohler opened up an entirely new field of study for the scientific world.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A388217 (977 words)

	Agriculture Papers, Term papers, Vol.19, Pg.5, 050907
		A quiet, gentle person, Friedrich Wohler combined his "passion for chemistry" with a "great love of the open air, the beauties of nature and of all living things" (Findlay, 1965, pp.
		The following paper discusses Friedrich Kekule's interest in chemistry and examines how he came to be the originator of the structure theory for his study on chemical bonds.
		"Friedrich August Kekule has been said to be the originator of the structure theory and for his study on chemical bonds.
	agriculturepapers.com /lib/essay/19_5.html?ADD=2425&SUM=37.95&... (5385 words)

	Wohler Resource Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Friedrich Wohler(Woehler) (1800-1882) - German chemist; professor of chemistry (1836-1882); synthesized the first organic compound (urea).
		Wohler Video Inspection HVAC System, Wohler, The VIS2000 is an exceptionally versatile video inspection system.
		The name Wohler mentioned in 1174 in a Cologne Another Wolder (Wohler) is named in the first historical record mentioning the Ferry at Fehmarnsund in
	www.koocanartistry.ca /wohler.html (523 words)

	Wohler, Friedrich -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Beryllium was discovered (1798) as the oxide by Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin in beryl and in emeralds, and was isolated (1828) as the metal independently by Friedrich Wöhler and A.-A.-B. Bussy by the...
		The vast new field of organic chemistry was opened in 1828 with Friedrich Wöhler's synthesis of urea, a compound present in certain body fluids of mammals, from inorganic materials in his laboratory.
		In the 1830's, chemist Friedrich Wohler found that he could create a biological compound in his own lab, conjuring up the concept of Bio-Chemistry.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9077322 (752 words)

	WOHLER, FRIEDRICH (1800-1882) - Online Information article about WOHLER, FRIEDRICH (1800-1882) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wohler had made the acquaintance of See also:
		But it was the achievement of Wohler alone, in 1828, to break down the barrier held to exist between organic and inorganic chemistry by artificially preparing See also:
		scale; the result of WOhler's claim of priority was that the two became See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /WIL_YAK/WOHLER_FRIEDRICH_1800_1882_.html (962 words)

	JOSEPH WOELFL - LoveToKnow Article on JOSEPH WOELFL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		See Austin Dobson's introduction to Charles Reade's novel Peg Woffington (London, 1899), and Augustin Daly's Woffington: a Tribute to the Actress and the Woman (1888).
		WOHLER, FRIEDRICH (1800-1882), German chemist, was born at Eschersheim, near Frankfort-on-the-Main, on the 3ist of July 1800.
		In 1814 he began to attend the gymnasium at Frankfort, where he carried out experiments with his friend Dr J. Buch.
	33.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WO/WOELFL_JOSEPH.htm (870 words)

	Wohler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1828, the German chemist, Friedrich Wohler, unintentionally converted tammonium cyanate, NH OCN, a purely inorganic substance, into urea, CO(NH which is and end product of animal metabolism.
		Wohler's preparation of urea had another important consequence in that it furnished an example of two substances, urea and ammonium cyanate, which had the same chemical composition but very different properties.
		As experimental techniques improved, it became clear that there were other examples of more than one substance having the same composition.
	share1.esd105.wednet.edu /bthrashe/wohler.html (91 words)

	Friedrich Wöhler ( 1800 — 1882 ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Friedrich Wöhler and his colleague Justus von Liebig helped undermine vitalist metaphysics and turn organic chemistry into a systematic science.
		Wöhler synthesised the organic compound urea by accident in 1828.
		Vitalist opponents of painless surgery like Francois Magendie, professor of anatomy and physiology with the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, believed that anaesthesia was dangerous precisely because anaesthetics weakened the vital force.
	www.anaesthetized.com /people/friedrich-wohler.html (264 words)

	Gauss, Carl Friedrich -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Johann Friedrich Carl Gauss Born to poor parents, he was a prodigy of astounding depth.
		Of immense significance was the 1801 publication of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855).
		The German scientist and mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss is frequently called the founder of modern mathematics.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?eu=390629 (867 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Friedrich Wohler
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Friedrich Wohler
		In 1828 the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler showed that it was possible to make carbon-containing, organic compounds from inorganic ingredients, a...
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	encarta.msn.com /Friedrich_Wohler.html (96 words)

	The Architect of India's Nuclear Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, new findings particularly by Michel Eugene Chevreul (1786-1889) and Friedrich Wohler (1800-82) weakened the vital force theory and gradually it was abandoned.
		However, it was Wohler who actually first synthesised an organic compound.
		If Wohler’s success was not unam bigous, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1818-84) synthesised acetic acid (an organic compound) directly from chemical elements.
	www.vigyanprasar.com /dream/june2000/article2.htm (4059 words)

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