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Topic: Frigidarium

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	Interactive Dig Sagalassos - Roman Baths Report 6
		Frigidarium 2 is located in the left part of the picture.
		This week, the total width of the large curved recess (immediately to the east of the pool, of which only the southern extremity had been exposed in 2003, see Field Notes 2003, Roman Baths, August 17-23) could be established at 4.85 m.
		In the north wall of the room we excavated the contours of a semicircular niche that corresponded with a similar niche in the south wall of the frigidarium.
	www.archaeology.org /interactive/sagalassos/field04/romanbaths6.html (1396 words)

	UCL Bentham Project
		The temperature in the Frigidarium would be preserved by ensuring an "adequate magazine of ice throughout the year" and through certain chemical reactions that he saw taking place in the pools of water in the Frigidarium storage chambers.
		The Frigidarium papers were written between 1794 and 1809 during a period of war and food shortages throughout the continent and Britain.
		The Frigidarium was not a true refrigerator since it did not rely on a physical or chemical process to cause the absence of heat (ie create "cold").
	www.ucl.ac.uk /Bentham-Project/journal/nlcohen.htm (2694 words)

	Frigidarium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A frigidarium is a large cold pool to drop into after enjoying a hot Roman bath.
		This is the first example to be found in south-east England.
		It had been suggested that the octagonal frigidarium could have been used for Christian baptism or Jewish sacred bathing (Pitts, 2006).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frigidarium (155 words)

	Interactive Dig Sagalassos - Roman Baths Report 3
		The transformation of the long room to the north of it into frigidarium 2 may have been part of the same project, perhaps creating the possibility for simultaneous bathing of both sexes in bath sections of their own.
		At the end of the week, a brick wall with a curved niche similar to those in the south wall of frigidarium 2 was found separating the great central hall from the northern hall.
		This might suggest that originally the later frigidarium 2 continued into the northern hall, as the east wall, which now separates both rooms, seems to be of a later date as well.
	www.he.net /~archaeol/interactive/sagalassos/field05/romanbaths3.html (473 words)

	Interactive Dig Sagalassos - Roman Baths Report 2
		Map of the Roman Baths with the central frigidarium 2 and the hall with six piers to the north of it
		There, a squarish central hall defined by four huge ashlar piers, most probably a frigidarium or cold-water bath, was flanked north and south by two identical and symmetrically placed halls each defined by two rows of three smaller piers.
		This week, both teams once again had to remove large numbers of ashlars originating from the frigidarium piers and one or more arches, which they carried on the shorter sides of the central structure (span of 12.10 m).
	cat.he.net /~archaeol/interactive/sagalassos/field05/romanbaths2.html (584 words)

	Interactive Dig Sagalassos - Roman Baths Report 1
		The whole structure measures about 53.6 by 16.75 m and is formed by a total of 16 piers made of huge limestone ashlars.
		The four massive central piers surround an area of 12.8 by 12.1 m, most probably containing a large natatio, thus forming a second second cold-water bath or frigidarium (frigidarium 1).
		The topsoil in the central part of this frigidarium was covered by dense vegetation composed of kermes oak and dotted by huge amounts of ashlars from the surrounding pillars and one or more arches, which they originally carried.
	www.he.net /~archaeol/interactive/sagalassos/field05/romanbaths1.html (556 words)

	OSU Excavations at Isthmia
		The mosaic, accompanied by the colossal statue bases and remnants of sculpture, clearly identifies room VI as the great hall of the Roman Bath complex.
		Bathing in Roman times was a lengthy and social event, lasting several hours and involving a trip through most of complex, including both the caldarium and frigidarium.
		Room X served as a heat-lock between the caldarium and frigidarium, a kind of "warm room" between these two sections of the bath complex.
	isthmia.osu.edu /bath.html (711 words)

	T.C.TRABZON VALİLİĞİ
		Meydan Bath is a double bath which was built by the Kazazade Family towards the end of the 19.
		Walls of bathing cubicles on the east are not constructed.
		This section consists of a dressing room, a frigidarium and a caldarium which is constructed to a plan like a cross including four rooms with vaulted niches.
	www.trabzon.gov.tr /eng/bath/bath_meydan.aspx (77 words)

	Bible and Interpretation: Information on the Kursi excavation project 2002, Jerusalem center for biblical studies
		By the middle of the second week, we found walls with a well-plastered pipe and, eventually, a small pool which is part of a cold bath (frigidarium).
		In the room, we found a beautiful marble floor, a pool with a bench inside for sitting and soaking feet and legs, and a bench around the northern and eastern wall.
		In subsequent years, we may find a full bath with a frigidarium, tepidarium, and apodarium (changing room), and, perhaps, a pilgrimage hostel of some kind.
	www.bibleinterp.com /excavations/kursi_2002.htm (839 words)

	RT04-CaracallaBaths.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The baths (thermae) were designed along a central axis: the caldarium or hot bath; a smaller area for the tepidarium or warm bath; the basilica, which held the frigidarium or cold bath; and the natatio, an open-air bathing pool.
		Then the bather passed to the caldarium, after which he scraped his skin clean with a strigil, and to the tepidarium for a cooler bath and, finally, to the frigidarium for a bracing plunge in a cold bath, which was the regimen recommended by Galen, himself.
		One then could swim in the natatio; admire the sculptures, for which the baths were famous, including the massive figures of the Farnese Bull, the Farnese Hercules, and the Belvedere Torso; read at the libraries; walk the grounds; or, as Trimalchio does in the Satyricon, be carried off in a litter to a dinner party
	www.mmdtkw.org /RT04-CaracallaBaths.html (263 words)

	Frigidarium - LoveToKnow 1911
		FRIGIDARIUM, the Latin term (from frigidus, cold) applied to the open area of the Roman thermae, in which there was generally a cold swimming bath, and sometimes to the bath (see Baths).
		Dr J. Middleton in The Remains of Ancient Rome (1892) points out that in the part of the enclosure walls are deep sinkings to receive the ends of the great girders.
		This page was last modified 12:01, 24 Sep 2006.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Frigidarium (91 words)

	thermae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Its present form belong to the Severan period and contains a large frigidarium with two basins, a caldarium with tubuli for the heating still attached to the walls, a sudatorium with a hypocaust floor, and a profurnium.
		Once lavishly decorated with polychrome marble, today only some slabs of green Laconian stone remain along the foot of the walls.
		The floor of the frigidarium is built on top of debris thrown in an earlier basin, perhaps of Augustan date.
	www.arkeologi.uu.se /primaporta/thermae.htm (113 words)

	Roman Baths of Odessos
		Teh ruined walls of the western apodyterium; in the distance the small frigidarium
		The eastern apodyterium, a view of a marble cornice in the frigidarium
		The so called prefurnium — the place of the ovens heatening the water and the air in the halls for bathing with hot and warm water; this hall is constructed with a double floor — the upper layer had been carried by vertically placed thick steam-pipes made of clay;
	www.roman-empire.net /articles/article-015.html (360 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		In its purest form it seems to denote a private bath and the act of bathing, but it is often found in reference to public bathing establishments.
		A rare term for a cold pool, located either in the interior environment of the frigidarium (Pliny Ep.
		The finest example of the latter variety of frigidarium still standing is that of the Baths of Diocletian, known today as the Basilica S. Maria D'Angeli.
	www3.la.psu.edu /cams/Baths/gloss.html (1452 words)

	frigidarium - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "frigidarium" is defined.
		Frigidarium : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		FRIGIDARIUM : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=frigidarium (139 words)

	A virtual visit to the roman villa Torre Llauder- Balneae
		The floor of the cold-water baths room (frigidarium) was paved with slate slabs and framed by a white marble edging.
		From the frigidarium there was access into the room of hot-water baths (caldarium) by going through a warm room (tepidarium).
		Both the tepidarium and the caldarium were heated by means of an under-floor heating system known as hypocaust.
	www.viaavgvsta.anonai.com /VVTLL6en.html (243 words)

	FRIGIDARIUM - Online Information article about FRIGIDARIUM
		From the description given by Aelius Spartianus (A.D.
		297) it would seem that portions of the frigidarium were covered over by a See also:
		iron found in the excavations under the paving of the frigidarium of the thermae of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FRIGIDARIUM.html (346 words)

	Hadrian's Baths
		Excluded from the plan is the large exercise-yard (palaestra), which runs along the north side of the Baths.
		Towards the end of the 2nd century the emperor Commodus undertook some restoration work on the Baths, particularly in the frigidarium, which he decorated with marble and columns, and to which he may have added the cold-plunges.
		Click to see a restored view of the frigidarium taken from the eastern cold-plunge area.
	www.clas.canterbury.ac.nz /nzact/baths.htm (518 words)

	Interactive Dig Sagalassos 2003 - Roman Baths Report 6
		In the room's southeast corner is a curved niche, mostly built of brick (3.67 m wide and 1.95 m deep) that abuts one of the ashlar piers of the 'northern ashlar pier room' next to the frigidarium.
		Farther west, the same south wall has a rectangular niche (3.85 m wide and 1.55 m deep), with a door in its middle leading to service corridor 5 separating it from the frigidarium.
		This room is almost certainly the continuation of a room excavated by the Roman Baths team 2 farther west, to the east of the apodyterium that was partially excavated in 2002 (see introduction and August 3-9).
	cat.he.net /~archaeol/interactive/sagalassos/field/6baths.html (1082 words)

	Roman Baths and Bathing (FalcoPhiles)
		The first room entered is the frigidarium, or cold room, referring to the cold plunge bath housed here.
		Back to the frigidarium now to take a cool refreshing plunge in the cold bath to get rid of the hot sweaty oils.
		These facilities included, enormous caldarium, tepidarium, frigidarium and natatio (outdoor pool), changing rooms, gymnasia with mosaic floors throughout, Greek and Latin libraries, a stadium and gardens.
	www.falcophiles.co.uk /facts/romanbathing.html (751 words)

	Radiant GUARD™ Radiant Barrier and Reflective Foil Bubble Insulation Used in OBRA’s Winning Design for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Radiant GUARD’s reflective foil bubble insulation is used for the frigidarium space within the design, which has three outdoor spaces.
		The frigidarium is planned to be a place of cool relief from the summer heat.
		This is why the OBRA architects made use of Radiant GUARD™ radiant barriers in the frigidarium space of their building project, BEATFUSE!
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/5/prweb390688.htm (751 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Now it's time to close all the skin pores that have been opened.
		You can do this by plunging into the frigidarium's cold waters.
		The dip is meant to refresh and is often the final bath of a visitor.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/lostempires/roman/frigidarium.html (65 words)

	Mem.html
		Apodyterium (changing room) looking E. Frigidarium entrance to right.
		Frigidarium (cold room), N. wall; entrance is to apodyterium.
		The current floor is that of the hypocaust.
	www3.la.psu.edu /cams/Baths/Museum/memmbath/Mem.html (95 words)

	Athena Review 1,1: Roman Bath at Bearsden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		These included a changing room (apodyterium); a cold room (frigidarium) and cold plunge bath; two warming rooms (tepidaria); a hot dry room, or sweatbath (sudatorium); and a hot room (caldarium).
		The warm and hot rooms were heated from below by hot air from a furnace, circulated through cavities in the walls and a subfloor system of heat ducts (hypocausts), made in this case of stone slabs rather than the more typical ceramic pipes.
		While most of the bathhouse was built of stone, two of the rooms, the apodyterium (changing room) and the frigidarium (cold room) were made of timber, like many of the other fort buildings.
	www.athenapub.com /britsite/bearsden.htm (339 words)

	Design and Do VI
		The Forum Baths in Herculaneum are divided into two sections, and there are separate entrances for men and women.
		Based on the following information, match the names of five patrons with their misplaced items and the locations in the baths shown on the floor plan below.
		When Decimus and Cassius found a wet towel in the frigidarium, each realized that he had left an item elsewhere.
	lonestar.texas.net /~robison/game10f.htm (830 words)

	Athena Review Image Archive: Nice-Cimiez: Magistrate's Bath frigidarium
		Construction of the Roman Bath complex at Nice-Cimiez began during the Severan period (AD 193-217), when the North or Magistrate's Bath was completed.
		This was later expanded to include separate bathing areas for men and women along the east and west sides, making the Nice-Cimiez baths the largest in Gaul.
		This view shows the high vaulted chambers of the frigidarium or cold room in the Magistrate's Bath, made with typical Roman construction methods of layers of masonry alternating with bonding tiles.
	www.athenapub.com /nicebat1.htm (115 words)

	00710 more
		View of frigidarium to north, photo 1995, M. Brack, Drexel University.
		View of frigidarium to northwest, photo 1995, M. Brack, Drexel University.
		View into frigidarium, photo 1995, M. Brack, Drexel University.
	www.brynmawr.edu /Acads/Cities/wld/00710/00710m.html (107 words)

	PS1 Art Center - Young Architects Program
		The project also encompasses wooden tidal pools, water misters, and light strainers that create constantly changing shapes in the mist.
		Three outdoor spaces: a caldarium, a tepidarium, and a frigidarium, offer climactic comfort and variety through architecture.
		For example, the frigidarium, a small outdoor gallery, will provide respite from the summer heat through the use of foil bubble insulation and ice.
	www.ps1.org /ps1_site/content/view/38/102/1/1 (368 words)

	Ostia Page 19
		Mosaic tiles on the west side of the frigidarium in Terme dei Cisiarii (Baths of the Coachmen)
		Overhead view of the frigidarium of the Baths of the Coachmen (Terme dei Cisiarii, Baths of the Cart Drivers).
		In the center are four Atlas figures, apparently supporting city walls.
	www.servius.org /Ostia/index19.htm (175 words)

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