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	Fritigern
		A rival of Athanaric, another prominent Visigothic leader, Fritigern (Gothic Frithugairns, meaning "desiring peace") was favored by the Roman Emperor Valens primarily because of his adoption of Arianism, a form of Christianity popular at the time and one which Valens sympathized with.
		The crisis continued into 378, and on August 9 of that year, Fritigern avenged his kinsmen's defeat of 109 years before at the Battle of Naissus by handing Rome its worst military defeat in centuries, at the Battle of Adrianople (378).
		Fritigern continued to battle the Romans with mixed success for two years after his great victory, ultimately winning recognition as king by most of the Visigoths within the empire.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Fritigern.html (387 words)

	Visigoth
		There they remained until 376, when one of their two leaders, Fritigern, appealed to the Roman emperor Valens to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube.
		Fritigern emerged victorious, recognized as king by his people, and the Visigoths were masters of the Balkans.
		The new emperor, Theodosius I (Valens died at Adrianople), made peace with Fritigern in 379, and this peace held essentially unbroken until Theodosius died in 395.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/vi/Visigoths.html (830 words)

	Athanaric Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A rival of Fritigern, another Visigothic war-chief, Athanaric makes his first appearance in recorded history in 369, when he engaged in battle with the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and ultimately negotiated a favorable peace for his people.
		Fritigern, his rival, was an Arian and had the favor of Valens, who shared his religious beliefs.
		In 376, Valens permitted Fritigern's people to cross the Danube River and settle on Roman soil to avoid the Huns, who had recently conquered the Ostrogoths and were now pressing the Visigoths then living in Dacia.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/a/at/athanaric.html (310 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The earliest sources that mention Fritigern originate from the period in which Valens, emperor of the Roman Empire, fought the Tervingi (Visigoths) (367-369) and from the period in which the Huns invaded the Roman Empire (375).
		In order to gain more power than Athanaric, Fritigern was willing to be converted to Arianism (a now extinct branch of Christianity) in order to become an ally of Valens, as the latter sympathized with this particular form of Christianity.
		While Fritigern asked Valens to allow the Visigoths to cross the northern Roman border and settle in Thracia, which the Huns could not then reach due to their inability to cross the Danube in force (thus this was a form of asylum), Athanaric and many of his followers retreated to Transylvania.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Fritigern (615 words)

	Detail Page
		Fritigern made an excellent presentation to Valens at Constantinople and returned to his people with the imperial permission.
		Alavius was slain in an ambush, and Fritigern took sole command, leading his people to the most startling barbarian victory in the history of the Roman Empire, the battle of Adrianople.
		Fritigern did not take advantage of his victory, for he was slain in 380, as a result of power struggles within his own ranks.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0668 (199 words)

	The Battlle of Adrianople
		Fritigern realised their plan and began to call in his foraging units to reinforce the besieged army, forcing the Romans to press their attack.
		Fritigern had sent an embassy to Valens the day before, but the sudden appearance of the Emperor with his entire army seems to have caught the Tervingian Goth by surprise.
		Fritigern knew this was his chance to win the decisive victory he needed and the Roman troops knew they had to fight simply to get off the battlefield alive.
	www.geocities.com /Paris/Salon/2385/adrianople.html (4723 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 2 - Chapter XXVI Part III
		Under the name of Judges, Alavivus and Fritigern were the leaders of the Visigoths in peace and war; and the authority which they derived from their birth was ratified by the free consent of the nation.
		The clamorous shouts and dying groans apprised Fritigern of his extreme danger; and, as he possessed the calm and intrepid spirit of a hero, he saw that he was lost if he allowed a moment of deliberation to the man who had so deeply injured him.
		The generals of the Goths were saluted by the fierce and joyful acclamations of the camp; war was instantly resolved, and the resolution was executed without delay: the banners of the nation were displayed according to the custom of their ancestors; and the air resounded with the harsh and mournful music of the Barbarian trumpet.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-2/chap56.html (3172 words)

	Detail Page
		Under their kings, Fritigern and Alavius, the Visigoths moved to the Danube and sent representatives to Constantinople to ask Emperor Valens for permission to enter imperial territory in Thrace.
		Fritigern, speaking to Valens on behalf of his people, was successful, although certain demands were made upon them in return, such as the surrendering of hostages and the handing over of all weapons.
		Fritigern was murdered in a power struggle, and the Visigoths remained, still unhappy, in Moesia.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1874 (1244 words)

	Siegfried Wagner Die Heilige Linde [RH]: Classical CD Reviews- Nov 2003 MusicWeb(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fritigern, a prince from a neighbouring tribe has come secretly to try and view Siegrun, Arbogast’s sister, who he is to marry.
		At the Circus Fritigern has rescued a Christian woman from the lions and he comes on carrying her and gives her to Hildegard’s women.
		Fritigern swears love to Hildegard, she tells him to wait and sings of the newly sprouted Holy Linden Tree, growing anew.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2003/Nov03/SWagner_Heilige.htm (1368 words)

	Fritigern - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An intermittent rival of Athanaric for leadership of the Visigoths, he adopted Arian Christianity (see Arianism) and thus gained the support of Emperor Valens.
		Fleeing the invading Huns, Fritigern was given permission (376) by Valens to cross the Danube and enter Roman territory.
		After being badly mistreated, the Goths rebelled and in 378 Fritigern defeated and killed Valens at the battle of Adrianople.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-fritiger.html (189 words)

	XXVI. Progress of The Huns Page 14
		The camp of Valens, which he pitched under the walls of Hadrianople, was fortified, according to the practice of the Romans, with a ditch and rampart; and a most important council was summoned, to decide the fate of the emperor and of the empire.
		The ruin of Valens was precipitated by the deceitful arts of Fritigern, and the prudent admonitions of the emperor of the West.
		The advantages of negotiating in the midst of war were perfectly understood by the general of the Barbarians; and a Christian ecclesiastic was despatched, as the holy minister of peace, to penetrate, and to perplex, the councils of the enemy.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/History/RomanEmpire2/RomanEmpire2C11P14.htm (520 words)

	Alaric Trashes Rome -- 410 AD
		Fritigern also led his men into Arian Christianity to make their move more palatable to the eastern Emperor, Valens, who was himself an Arian.
		In 382 peace was finally negotiated, and the Goths under Fritigern were settled in Thrace -- their earlier seizure of that territory was thus officially recognized by the empire.
		Fritigern had died in 380 and, although he didn't have the title, Alaric was the ruler of the Visigoths by virtue of his command of the largest Visigothic army -- the remaining 10,000 foederatae and new recruits.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VAlaric.html (2601 words)

	Early Visigoth (DBA II/65a)
		Fritigern now sole leader held the group together by the force of his personality.
		Meanwhile, Fritigern was equally surprised by the Romans.
		Fritigern's Visigoths face a Late Imperial Roman (East) (II/78b) army consisting of 1 Cv (Gen), 2 Kn, 2 Lh, 3 Bd, 2 Ax and 2 Ps.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/II65a.html (1162 words)

	Rome - Vol II, Chapter XXVI, Part 3
		Under the name of Judges, Alavivus and Fritigern were the leaders of the Visigoths in peace and war; and the authority which they derived from their birth was ratified by the free consent of the nation.
		83 The sagacious Fritigern had successfully appealed to the passions, as well as to the interest, of his Barbarian allies; and the love of rapine, and the hatred of Rome, seconded, or even prevented, the eloquence of his ambassadors.
		He obtained the formidable aid of the Taifalae, H whose military renown was disgraced and polluted by the public infamy of their domestic manners.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol2/ch2603.html (3153 words)

	Peter P. Pachl, Siegfried Wagner Opernführer: »Die heilige Linde« op. 15
		Er spricht Fritigern mit seinem richtigen Namen an, er verspricht ihm, ihn nicht zu verraten und fordert ihn auf, mit Arbogast und Hildegard nach Rom an den Kaiserhof zu ziehen.
		Fritigern erklärt Hildegard den Grund, warum das Mädchen getötet werden sollte: sie ist eine Christin, die an einen Gott glaubt, der sich töten ließ, weil er Liebe und Mitleid lehrte.
		Fritigern sucht in der Hütte, ob sich Arbogast noch verborgen hält. Hildegard fragt ihn, ob auch er von Philo verblendet sei, da er den Bruderstamm bekämpfen wolle; er selbst habe ihr doch von einem Gott des Mitleids erzählt.
	www.siegfried-wagner.org /html/linde.html (1665 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1203 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Lupicinus attempted to make the Goths leave the Danube, and employed for that purpose the soldiers who were stationed on the river ; but as soon as the Greuthingi, under Saphrax and Alatheus, saw the banks unprotected, they crossed over, having previously been refused permission.
		Lupicinus invited Alavif and Fritigern to a feast, but instead of a reconciliation, this brought about a quarrel, and a battle, in which Lupicinus was defeated.
		The chief magistrate of the city, being irritated at some damage done by the Goths to a country-house of his, attacked them, and had the worst in the combat.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3537.html (1160 words)

	Gothic Empire - Alternate History Discussion Board
		The Gothic King, Fritigern, led his forces to an overwhelming victory against the Roman Empire, sacking the city and rampaging across Macedonia.
		Fritigern then decided to follow up his victory by attempting a seige of Constantinople, despite arguements by his commanders that they could not attempt a seige of the city.
		In 381, Fritigern, King of the Goths, died, and was succeeded by his old enemy, Athanaric.
	alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?p=737925 (2597 words)

	Bataille d'Andrinople
		En 376, poussé par les invasions des Huns, les Goths commandé par Alavivus et Fritigern, demandent à s'installer dans l'empire romain.
		Les Goths ont aussi reperé les Romains et, le 8 août, Fritigern envoie un émissaire pour proposer la paix et une alliance en échange d'un territoire romain.
		L'objectif de Fritigern est de gagner du temps, afin de permettre à sa cavalerie de revenir.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/fr/wikipedia/b/ba/bataille_d_andrinople.html (1078 words)

	Gothic Online
		Fritigern escaped, but Alaviv's name is no longer mentioned by Ammianus; likewise the name Tervingi is no longer mentioned, only Goths.
		Fritigern called a general retreat; later in 378 he sent a priest to Valens demanding all of Thrace, but simultaneously sent a secret letter offering himself as a Roman ally.
		Fritigern's cavalry quickly routed the Roman cavalry, and shortly afterward the infantry, with the result that the battle ended in a Gothic victory.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/eieol/gotol-9-R.html (3402 words)

	Schulers Books (The Old Roman World - 77/100)
		The various tribes of barbarians, under the able generalship of Fritigern, whose cunning was equal to his bravery, advanced to the suburbs of Hadrianople.
		The death of Fritigern unchained the passions of the barbarians, and they would have been led to fresh revolts had they not submitted to the authority of Athanaric, whom the emperor invited to his capital and feasted at his table, and astonished by his riches and glory.
		Without defensive armor, not even the shield, they were exposed to the deadly missiles of their foes, and fled at the first serious attacks, especially of cavalry, in which the Goths and Huns excelled.
	schulers.com /books/jo/o/The_Old_Roman_World/The_Old_Roman_World77.htm (1886 words)

	[No title]
		Now it came to pass in that troubIous time that Lupicinus, the Roman general, invited Fritigern, a chieftain of the Goths, to a feast and, as the event revealed, devised a plot against him.
		While he was dining in the praetorium he heard the dying cries of his ill-fated men, for, by order of the general, the soldiers were slaying his companions who were shut up in another part of the house.
		The loud cries of the dying fell upon ears already suspicious, and Fritigern at once perceived the treacherous trick.
	www.lycos.com /info/goths--miscellaneous.html?page=2 (505 words)

	Battles: The Battle of Adrianople :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		At the Danube River, which was the official border between the barbarians and the Eastern Empire Fritigern and Alaviv petitioned for land in the Eastern Empire and were surprising admitted in the Autumn of 376 AD.
		Fritigern and his army was encamped on the hill but the entire Gothic cavalry force under Alatheus and Safrax was out foraging and Fritigern knew that he needed to stall for time.
		Fritigern decided to start negotiations for hostages, while this did buy him some time it also aggravated the already tired, thirsty, and hot Romans.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=1502 (1595 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1062 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Goths, who were not held together by any well-constituted authority, and only by the ability of their commander Fritigern, became disorganised by his death, and were split up into numerous bands which went about seizing all that they wanted, and destroying that which they had not the prudence to reserve for another time.
		Tillemont conjectures that Athanaric was expelled by Fritigern, Alatheus, and Saphrax ; but Gibbon's narrative seems to signify (for seems is all the meaning that in many cases can be imputed to it) that Fritigern was already dead.
		However Athanaric was too old and too prudent to carry on war with the new emperor : he listened to proposals of peace, and he even went to Constantinople to visit the emperor.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3396.html (1092 words)

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