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| | Frits Zernike Summary |
 | | Frits Zernike was born on July 16, 1888, in Amsterdam, the son of two mathematicians, Carl Frederick August Zernike and Antje Dieperink Zernike. |
 | | Zernike published these findings in 1934, and by 1935 he was applying these same principles to microscopes, which he knew had optical problems that were similar to telescopes. |
 | | Frederik Zernike (Amsterdam, July 16, 1888 – March 10, 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells. |
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