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	Jazz Bulletin Board - Spirituals to Swing
		It's not irrelevant, for example that the Spirituals to Swing concert was sponsored by the New Masses, a Popular Front rag for which there is no modern equivalent.
		Point being that besides its musical significance, like Cafe Society, the Spirituals to Swing concert was a very specific way in which jazz interacted with the organized left in that period.
		The fact is that one could not recreate the atmosphere and significance of the "From Spirituals to Swing" concert today, so any attempt to relive it or produce a modern day equivalent is mission impossible.
	forums.allaboutjazz.com /printthread.php?t=8560 (586 words)

	Spiritual (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Spirituals were primarily expressions of religious faith, sung by slaves on southern
		Above all, they were an expression of spiritual devotion and a yearning for freedom from bondage.
		Seeking to attract a prestigious faculty, Thurber had asked Czech composer Antonín Dvořák to head her conservatory; Dvořák agreed to do so, on the condition that talented Native American or African American composers be allowed to attend without paying tuition.
	www.family-source.com /cache/725866/idx/0 (463 words)

	Tucson Weekly: Swing Low (February 1 - February 7, 2001)
		The timing of Saturday's "Spirituals to Swing" concert at Centennial Hall seems perfect: A performance that will pay tribute to jazz's roots and subsequent history follows a highly anticipated, 19-hour TV documentary that had a similar purpose.
		Musicians from Kansas City swing legend Count Basie to folk blues king Big Bill Broonzy performed at the concert, arranged by producer John Hammond, which was especially significant for being an early event that brought together fls and whites on the bandstand and in the audience.
		Their appearances in a variety of musical settings have given them the versatility needed to tackle material ranging from spirituals, such as "Amazing Grace" and "Joshua Fought the Battle of Jericho," to classic jazz, post-1939 material such as rhythm and blues, and band members' original compositions.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /tw/2001-02-01/review.html (848 words)

	Sister Rosetta Tharpe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Her records caused an immediate furor: many churchgoers were shocked by the mixture of sacred and secular music, but secular audiences loved them.
		Appearances in John Hammond's 1938 extravaganza "From Spirituals To Swing", at Café Society and with Cab Calloway and Benny Goodman made her even more popular.
		"From Spirituals to Swing: Sister Rosetta Tharpe and Gospel Crossover." American Quarterly, 55 (3), 387-416.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe (651 words)

	JOHNSON, Pete : MusicWeb Encyclopaedia of Popular Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To NYC '38 with Joe Turner to do a spot on Benny Goodman radio show; appeared at Apollo Theatre; returned to KC but back in NYC Dec. in John Hammond's Spirituals to Swing concert.
		LPs: Pete's Blues on Savoy; Boogie Woogie Mood on MCA ('40--44 reissues); with Turner on EmArcy and on Atlantic, Rushing on Columbia; tracks on various albums incl.
		Spirituals To Swing on Vanguard; two CDs on Classics covering '38--41; Central Avenue Boogie on Delmark ('47 Apollo tracks), King Of Boogie on Milan incl.
	www.musicweb-international.com /encyclopaedia/j/J64.HTM (223 words)

	village voice > music > Weatherbird by Gary Giddins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This "Swingin' the Blues" reminds us that before swing became an idiom, it was the music of the young, competitive guys who invented it, hailing themselves and vanquishing all comers.
		The reason Vanguard, the folk label, got From Spirituals to Swing is that the company saved Hammond in the darkest days of his career, hiring him to record jazz sessions in the mid '50s.
		He was involved in many memorable projects, including the 1967 Spirituals to Swing concert and LP; he launched George Benson and relaunched Helen Humes.
	www.villagevoice.com /music/0018,giddins,14508,22.html (1127 words)

	The Independent Weekly: Spirituals to Swing
		Though the quality of the recordings on Spiritual to Swing is certainly not as bright as that of today's releases, the set is a shiny reflection of where all American popular music was born--and it wasn't in the mind of some corporate music-company magnate.
		If only every radio program director were to sit down and give the breadth of Spirituals to Swing a listen, we might be able to re-create that time when all kinds of music flowed together as a cultural expression rather than the tightly-formatted and marketed commercialism that passes for music today.
		Until that time comes, listening to Spirituals to Swing is as revolutionary, and revelatory, an act as the concerts themselves.
	www.indyweek.com /durham/2000-02-02/soundbite3.html (327 words)

	Boogie-Woogie Artists
		After taking part at Hammond's 1938 Spirituals to Swing Carnegie Hall concert in 1938, Johnson started recording regularly and appeared on an occasional basis with Ammons and Lewis as the Boogie Woogie Trio.
		Johnson made one final appearance at John Hammond's January 1967 Spirituals to Swing concert, playing the right hand on a version of "Roll 'Em Pete" two months before his death.
		One of the three great boogie-woogie pianists (along with Albert Ammons and Pete Johnson) whose appearance at John Hammond's 1938 Spirituals to Swing concert helped start the boogie-woogie craze, Meade Lux Lewis was a powerful if somewhat limited player.
	www.history-of-rock.com /boogiewoogie_artists.htm (963 words)

	Swing!
		Some of the most truly swinging sounds of the 1920s could be found in the clubs and ballrooms of Harlem.
		There are pairs of international champion swing dancers who reflect the joyously multicultural and collaborative nature of 90s swing and who have contributed their own choreography and arrangements; there are Broadway veterans of every imaginable background, and even a singer (Casey MacGill) who brings his own ukulele and cornet downstage with him.
		MacGill, whose career predates the Swing revival by a decade, was leading his neo-Swing band, Spirits of Rhythm, in Spokane when Taylor-Corbett heard a recording of his while scouting for talent in Los Angeles.
	www.sonyclassical.com /music/89122/notes.html (2589 words)

	Various Artists, From Spirituals to Swing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In an attempt to answer this question, the famed promoter John Hammond organized a pair of concerts called "From Spirituals to Swing," at Carnegie Hall in 1938 and 1939.
		Juxtaposing famed jazz artists of the time with blues masters, gospel singers, and traditional African music, Hammond meant to demonstrate the origins of jazz as well as showcase the beauty and variety of African-American musical styles to an audience (mostly white, upper class) that would rarely have a chance to appreciate such forms.
		For the spiritual side of the concerts, Hammond signed the amazing singer and guitarist Sister Rosetta Tharpe and two amazing a cappella groups: the subtle, plaintive Mitchell's Christian Singers and the dynamic Golden Gate Quartet.
	www.greenmanreview.com /spirituals_to_swing.html (1518 words)

	Jazz Information
		It cannot be denied that these "Spirituals To Swing" concerts should be annual events.
		Her first record in the swing era is nevertheless a little disappointing, because it lacks what advance publicity had led us to expect --the sweeping genius of a Bessie Smith.
		But in our opinion, although he may be deficient in pure swing, he shows an increasing ability to apply to the piano musical ideas of the same order that he uses orchestrally.
	home.att.net /~joeshepherd/jazz/jazz26.html (3791 words)

	Jazz/Blues - Various Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Unbeknownst to Hammond at the time, he was the pioneer, the first to publicly recognize and honor these integrally related African-American musical forms and to bestow the high cultural dignity this music deserved.
		This 3 CD box set brings you the complete concert series "From Spirituals to Swing" recorded December 23 & 24, 1938 and December 24, 1939, as well as a studio session recorded in June 1938.
		The Dec. 23, 1939 concert was dedicated to the memory of Bessie Smith, the great blues singer, but the ghost of Robert Johnson cast a shadow that would live in legend to this day.
	www.frankspicks.com /reviews/s2s.html (633 words)

	The Southerner \| Summer Southern Sounds
		One apex of her career was when she appeared in John Hammond's 1938 revue, "From Spirituals to Swing." Cox was one of the headliners at the classic concert at Carnegie Hall which also featured Count Basie, Benny Goodman (with Lionel Hampton, Charlie Christian, and Fletcher Henderson), even Big Bill Broonzy.
		When the album version of "From Spirituals To Swing" was printed, Hammond wrote in the liner notes, "The whereabouts of Ida Cox, one of the very great blues singers of the '20s and '30s, is uncertain, and we can only hope that the rumors of her passing are false."
		Inside it there was a vinyl copy of the LP, "From Spirituals To Swing," and some recent CD translations of Ida Cox's work in the '20s, plus "Blues For Rampart Street." There were several photographs of the session, plus a big glossy photo of Ida Cox in her prime, autographed to "Mr.
	www.southerner.net /v2n2_2000/sounds1.html (4390 words)

	Big Joe Turner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This concert billed African-American music in all its various forms, from the spirituals of the slavery years, to swing, which was just becoming popular.
		Big Joe and Pete played at that concert, which was the Woodstock of the 1930's, because anybody who played it became a star.
		That's All Right Baby, live at the "From Spirituals To Swing" concert, Carnegie Hall, 1938 (first 2 minutes)
	www.hoyhoy.com /bigjoe.htm (414 words)

	MP3 music download website, eMusic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ray Bryant's fourth recorded solo piano recital (and second in less than a year) was performed at the 1977 Montreux Jazz Festival and is a particularly well-rounded set.
		Bryant plays spirituals, blues, swing standards, John Lewis' "Django," and the obscure "Jungle Town Jubilee." His distinctive and soulful style fits wel...
		Bryant plays spirituals, blues, swing standards, John Lewis' "Django," and the obscure "Jungle Town Jubilee." His distinctive and soulful style fits well into every setting, making this an easily recommended set that will satisfy most musical tastes.
	www.emusic.com /album/10603/10603284.html (210 words)

	CD Baby: DAVID CHEVAN AND WARREN BYRD: This Is The Afro-semitic Experience - from klezmershack
		Understands and presents interpretations of music from traditions as rich as gospel, klezmer, nigunim, spirituals, and swing.
		African-American pianist Warren Byrd and Jewish-American bassist David Chevan continue their exploration of the musical and spiritual nexus with a blazing new collection of original pieces and interpretations of classic pieces from the Jewish and African diaspora.
		This is a group that is as comfortable playing a freylakh as they are swinging a blues, that knows how to play either a bulgar or some funk.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/chevan2/from/klezmershack (2032 words)

	American Masters . John Hammond \| PBS
		He began to write about her, and to introduce her to other musicians, including Teddy Wilson and Benny Goodman.
		Towards the end of the 1930s, Hammond organized the "Spirituals to Swing" concert, which brought much fl music into the white spotlight for the first time.
		The 1940s, however, were a time of great personal distress during which he lost a son and was divorced.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/americanmasters/database/hammond_j.html (714 words)

	Ida Cox: Reviews, Discography, Audio Clips, and more \|\|\| Music.com
		Cox toured with shows until a 1944 stroke pushed her into retirement; she came back for an impressive final recording in 1961.
		During that time, she also cut tracks for a variety of labels, including Silvertone, using several different pseudonyms, including Velma Bradley, Kate Lewis, and Julia Powers.
		During the '30s, Cox didn't record often, but she continued to perform frequently, highlighted by an appearance at John Hammond's 1939 Spirituals to Swing concert at Carnegie Hall.
	music.com /person/ida_cox/1 (446 words)

	Old Town School - resources
		The young man in the center hesitates while he decides which girl to choose, singing, “I'll get another one prettier than you.” When he grasps the hand of his chosen one, her partner then takes his place in the center of the ring and the game continues.
		Just as he was about to be brought to Carnegie Hall to perform in John Hammond’s first Spirituals to Swing concert, the news had come from Mississippi; Robert Johnson was dead, poisoned by a jealous girlfriend while playing a jook joint.
		In the case of “Swing Low” however, some folklorists suggest that slaves originally sung, “Swing Low, Sweet Harriet,” as a literal plea for Harriet Tubman to swing into the deep South and lead them to freedom.
	www.oldtownschool.org /resources/songnotes/songnotes_S.html (3977 words)

	Orlandus Wilson Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musician Directory
		spirituals were a model of vocal harmony for groups from the Dixie Hummingbirds to the Spaniels.
		In 1938, the group appeared on the program of John Hammond's ``Spirituals to Swing'' concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City, earning them national recognition.
		such varying sources as the pop group Mills Brothers, the swinging jazz of the Three Keys, and the emotional wailing of area pulpit preachers, jubilee singing was something daring and exciting - gospel music geared for the body as well as the soul.
	elvispelvis.com /orlanduswilson.htm (1255 words)

	[No title]
		fter the success of John Hammond's "Spirituals to Swing" concert in 1938, a second concert was held on Christmas Eve 1939, bringing together many of the country's greatest blues, gospel, and jazz artists.
		Although there has been some confusion about the identity of the guitarist with the Kansas City Six at this concert (Eddie Durham has claimed the role), it was indeed Charlie Christian.
		Christian would back the vibraphonist again one month later in a swinging, light-hearted session.
	personal.nbnet.nb.ca /hansen/Charlie/ccdisc.htm (645 words)

	Freddie Green Quotes and Anecdotes
		They helped keep time along with the drummer and bassist by comping by crisp, quarter-note downstrokes with a swing feel that involves an immeasurable degree of anticipation of the beat in terms of when the pick strikes the strings.
		Swing, the creation of a groove, the African contribution, came from these bands.
		In the 1950s, Basie formed a subtle and soulful wind machine, the essence of finesse, that put to rest the myth that it was not possible to play in tune and swing at the same time; as well as the myth that fl bands could not play pianissimo.
	www.freddiegreen.org /quotes.html (9458 words)

	Swing man and wowen
		Swing Men & Women contains poems about musicians and singers of the Swing Era.
		I started writing these poems because I wanted to put into words what Lester Young means to me, and the first poem I wrote was, of course, about Lester Young.
		were swinging on the stage of the Hall.
	ejournal.thing.at /LitPrim/harry.html (451 words)

	The BluesHarp Page:Legends:Sonny Terry
		Terry's unique talents were given an extremely classy airing in 1938 when he was invited to perform at New York's Carnegie Hall at the fabled From Spirituals to Swing concert.
		It was around the time of Fuller's death that Terry performed at the "Spirituals to Swing" concert series at Carnegie Hall.
		Sonny's "Piedmont" blues style was instantly embraced by New York's musical cognescenti, and the singer moved to New York and became a part of the city's emerging folk music scene.
	www.bluesharp.ca /legends/sonny.html (717 words)

	Various Artists/John Hammond, Producer \| From Spirituals to Swing Volumes 1, 2, & 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One of his first crowning achievements were the 1938-1938 Carnegie Hall Concerts, From Spirituals to Swing.
		This iconoclastic support From Spirituals To Swing, became a reality in 1938 and again in 1939, displaying blues, gospel and jazz musics on a major label for the consuming public.
		In reality, the sonics of From Spirituals To Swing approximate those of Columbia Legacy’s The Complete Robert Johnson.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/article.php?id=4174 (902 words)

	Big Bill Bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During this time he learn to play guitar and subsequently accompanied many blues singers, both in live performance and on record.
		Bill became an accomplished performer in his own right, and, on 23 December, 1938, was one of the principal solo performers in the first "From Spirituals to Swing" concert held at the Carnegie Hall in New York City.
		In the programme for that performance, Broonzy was identified in the programme only as "Big Bill" (he did not become known as Big Bill Broonzy until much later in his career) and as Willie Broonzy.
	www.broonzy.com /Blues/bigbill1.htm (593 words)

	John Hammond Sr:john hammond sr biography:john hammond sr images
		In the 1950s he produced a superior series of mainstream dates for Vanguard featuring swing era veterans, Hammond worked through the years for Keynote, Majestic and Mercury and during 1959-75 he was again a major force at Columbia where he helped the careers of Dylan, Franklin, Benson, Springsteen and Adam Makowicz among others.
		In 1967 he organized a new "Spirituals To Swing" concert and in 1977 his autobiography John Hammond On Record was published.
		Although he could be a pain (Duke Ellington did not care for his dominant personality), John Hammond certainly made his mark on jazz and music history.
	bobdylanbiography.8k.com /John_Hammond/john_hammond_biography.htm (535 words)

	Selected Recordings, Viewing and Readings
		Recordings from this set range from live radio airchecks from the Famous Door, the immortal Smith-Jones 1936 Lester Young debut session, big band recordings from the late 1930s and early 1940s to octet recordings of 1950 when Basie temporarily disbanded for a couple of years.
		From Spirituals to Swing: Carnegie Hall Concerts, 1938 and 1939
		John Hammond’s groundbreaking From Spirituals to Swing concerts presented the span of African-American music from gospel to blues to jazz.
	newarkwww.rutgers.edu /ijs/cb/readings.htm (347 words)

	Ida Cox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		She recorded regularly during 1923-1929 (her "Wild Woman Don't Have the Blues" and "Death Letter Blues" are her best-known songs).
		Although she was off-record during much of the 1930s, Cox was able to continue working and in 1939 she sang at Cafe Society, appeared at John Hammond's Spirituals to Swing concert, and made some new records.
		The concert increased her visibility, particularly in jazz circles.
	www.thedevilsmusic.net /bios/ida_cox.html (325 words)

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