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	Froth flotation separation apparatus - Patent 4613431
		In multi-zone froth flotation installations, the direction of flow of the aqueous slurry of unrecovered solid particles is deliberately changed at least twice between a first froth flotation zone and a last froth flotation zone to improve solids-froth contact and to minimize the possibility of particles adopting a short circuit path through the installation.
		Conversely changing the flow direction in intermediate froth flotation zones between a first froth flotation zone and a last froth flotation zone introduces advantages regardless of the nature of the agitator/bubble generator device and regardless of the manner in which the aqueous slurry of raw coal solid is introduced into the first froth flotation zone.
		The first froth flotation zone 11 is separated from its succeeding intermediate froth flotation zone 13a by means of a baffle 23 which is open at the bottom to permit flow of water and solid particles which did not rise upwardly into the froth blanket 22.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4613431.html (5129 words)

	Froth Flotation. Flotation Tank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In froth Flotation, separation of a binary solids mixture may be accomplished by the selective attachment of hydrophobic solid particles to gas bubbles (typically air).
		Froth Flotation if often used to separate solids of similar densities and sizes, which prevent other types of separations based upon gravity that might other wise be employed.
		Flotation control depends on the interactions among multiple effects which originate broadly in three areas: ore and mineral properties; pretreatment by size reduction and by surface chemistry modification; and flotation cell and circuits characteristics.
	www.startprospecting.com /html/froth_flotation.html (617 words)

	flotation process - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		FLOTATION PROCESS [flotation process] in mineral treatment and mining, process for concentrating the metal-bearing mineral in an ore.
		The froth is skimmed off, and the water and chemicals are distilled or otherwise removed, leaving a clean concentrate.
		Froth flotation - the importance of the froth.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-flotatio.html (236 words)

	Specialty Chemicals - Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC
		In ore beneficiation, flotation is a process in which valuable minerals are separated from worthless material or other valuable minerals by inducing them to gather in and on the surface of a froth layer.
		Froth flotation is generally limited to size fractions between roughly 65 and 400 mesh.
		The froth, enriched in copper and molybdenum, is removed from the flotation roughers and scavengers.
	www.cpchem.com /enu/specialty_chemicals_p_mineral_processing.asp (1563 words)

	Available Technologies - Office of Technology Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Increased throughput: Throughput of a froth flotation device is increased by enhancing the probability of removing contaminants from the froth (i.e., reducing mechanical carryover of impurities and minimizing impurities that are trapped in the froth).
		The level of cleaning by subaeration cells and froth flotation columns, both, can be improved somewhat by increasing the height (i.e., thickness) of the froth column, but excessive thickness compacts and destroys the bubbles at the bottom of the column.
		With the University’s froth washer attachment installed on a subaeration cell or flotation column, the froth is separated from the turbulence of the flotation device while it is being washed.
	www.otm.uiuc.edu /techs/techdetail.asp?id=89 (1578 words)

	Monitoring and control of a froth flotation plant - Patent 6778881
		A method according to claim 21, comprising measuring concentrate grade of froth discharged from the flotation cell and increasing a froth speed setpoint in the event concentrate grade is higher than a desired grade and decreasing the froth speed setpoint in the event the concentrate grade is lower than the desired grade.
		A method according to claim 26, comprising measuring concentrate grade of froth discharged from the flotation cell and increasing a froth speed setpoint in the event concentrate grade is higher than a desired grade and decreasing the froth speed setpoint in the event the concentrate grade is lower than the desired grade.
		The arrangement in accordance with the invention produces measurements of the speed of the froth as it moves from the surface of the slurry to the recovery area, the size of the bubbles in the froth and the stability of the froth.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6778881.html (4123 words)

	Minerals Engineering International Online - Froth Flotation: Conference Reports
		The Fundamental session focussed on (1) Effect of particle hydrophobicity on bubble size in a flotation cell, (2) Removal of iron hydroxide coating from galena surface, (3) Measurements of gas dispersion in flotation cells, (3) Recovery of nanoparticles by flotation, (4) Bubble-particle interactions in flotation.
		An excellent practical paper was presented which predicted the flotation rate of composite particles as the average of mineral flotation rates weighed by effective mineral areas determined by image analysis.
		However, a key feature of flotation froths, which still needs research, is how the frother surfactants and particles together influence froth water drainage and froth stability.
	www.min-eng.com /frothflotation/reps/4.html (716 words)

	Flotation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flotation process was developed on a commercial scale early in the 20th century at Broken Hill in Australia and is widely used for processing of sulphide minerals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt etc...).
		Flotation is also used in archaeology to separate plant remains from soil.
		Flotation is also used to describe any material added to the hull of a watercraft to keep the hull afloat even when filled with water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flotation (330 words)

	Coal Froth Flotation: Effects of Reagent Adsorption on the Froth Structure
		The shape and size of the bubbles in the froth directly affect the amount and purity of the concentrate overflowed during the froth flotation of the coal.
		The froth structure is significantly dependent on parameters such as the size of the solid particles, the surface properties of the particles, the chemical structure of surface active agents, the reagents adsorbed onto solid particles, and the reagents remaining in water.
		The froth flotation of the coal used was performed in the presence of two nonionic surfactants, Triton x-100 (poly(ethylene glycol) tert-octylphenyl ether) and MIBC (methyl isobutyl carbinol), and an anionic surfactant, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/enfuem/2006/20/i03/abs/ef0503358.html (301 words)

	Centre for Multiphase Processes - Aeration Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the flotation process, air bubbles are dispersed in a suspension of non-wetting (hydrophobic) and wettable (hydrophilic) particles suspended in an aqueous phase.
		A knowledge of the sizes of bubbles in industrial flotation cells gives important information about the surface area flux, the area of bubble surface that is crossing a given flotation cell area in unit time, which in turn is important in determining the capacity of the flotation cell to transport particles into the froth phase.
		It is these fine coal particles (0 to 1mm) that are beneficiated by flotation and so a measure of their contact angle would be very useful in the general study of flotation, froth stability, reagent requirements, wash-water and other flotation parameters.
	www.eng.newcastle.edu.au /cg/SRC/aeration01.html (7563 words)

	Froth Flotation Equipment at the Pilot Plant: Institute of Materials Processing at Michigan Tech
		The separation process of froth flotation is a primary method of creating a high-valued concentrate.
		Conventional flotation equipment from both Denver and Wemco equipment companies is available for lab and pilot plant studies.
		In conjunction with the flotation studies, mineralogy, surface chemistry, and liberation determination are made to define feed parameters.
	www.imp.mtu.edu /information/froth.html (244 words)

	NP2 Froth Flotation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Froth flotation devices separate small and fragile objects from soil samples which would be less likely to be recovered with dry screening.
		Froth flotation devices will separate small objects from soil samples to recover carbonized seeds, fragile wood fragments, and even a minute sorghum midge (diapausing larva) within an opened spikelet from a sorghum plant.
		A froth flotation device recovers small and fragile fragments of plants, insects, and other debris to aid in the analysis of soil samples.
	www.np2frothflotation.com (361 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The flotation lab required rock crushed with an 8 inch diameter laboratory rod mill and rollers.
		The material was then run through a small flotation circuit involving Denver and Wemco flotation machines and 1, 2, 4 liter cells.
		Flotation circuits also have a chemical that decreases the surface tension of water and therefore makes the bubbles more stable.
	infohost.nmt.edu /~polypi/FlotationLab[1].doc (842 words)

	Froth flotation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The froth is removed and the concentrated mineral is further refined.
		The mineral concentrate froth is collected from the top of the cell [3], while the pulp [4] flows to another cell.
		The scavenger cell froth [3] is usually returned to the rougher cells for additional treatment, but in some cases may be sent to special cleaner cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Froth_flotation (741 words)

	Home English
		Pulling of froth = Actually the Froth Recovery, a value that depicts the speed in which material is pulled from the cell.
		Flotation time is the average time pulp is in contact with air.
		Concentrate tonnage (metric) is the tonnage produced at the flotation cell froth overflow.
	www.aminpro.com /pages_english/flotation.asp (630 words)

	[No title]
		The efficiency of the washing system decreases as contaminants reattach to the froth and the concentration of the contaminants increases with the depth of the froth which, in turn, increases the probability of contaminants reattaching to the froth.
		During this year, flotation tests were carried out in a packed column under the supervision of Dr. Yang at Morgantown, WV on the same material used in the ISGS improved subaeration cell.
		In fine size ranges the separation of fine particles in subaeration cells and flotation columns is adversely affected by 1) non-selective adhesion of particles to air bubbles, 2) by entrapment of the mineral matter in the froth and 3) by mechanical carryover of the particles suspended in the slurry.
	www.icci.org /97final/finkhan.htm (1532 words)

	Minerals Education Victoria : Froth Flotation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The froth flotation process using bubbles to float out metallic ore was invented by Graeme Jameson, an Australian scientist working at Mount Isa.
		A simplified version of this flotation method can be carried out using basic chemicals and equipment found in the science classroom.
		When each comes in contact with an air bubble produced by the detergent (frother), it is attracted to the air and repelled by the water so it sticks to the bubble.
	www.vicmins.com.au /teacher_services/lesson_plans/froth_flotation (381 words)

	Frothers and their use in flotation: Short course
		A froth, as the term “froth flotation” indicates, is an inseparable part of the flotation system.
		Frothers are used to stabilize the froth, but they are also needed to enhance generation of fine bubbles and to aid particle-to-bubble attachment.
		It is intended to provide the course participants with an understanding of the principles of flotation reagent selection and with the better ways of utilizing such reagents.
	www.fipr.state.fl.us /frotherscourse.htm (481 words)

	Froth flotation of mineral ores (USH0000871)
		A process for the froth flotation beneficiation and separation of molybdenite from copper mining by-product is disclosed.
		The method of claim 1 wherein said pulp of said molybdenite concentrate is conditioned with a frothing agent and a collector.
		The method of claim 1 wherein the sinking particulate materials from the spray of said primary spray nozzle are collected and resprayed onto said liquid surface through a recycle spray nozzle whereby at least a portion of the recycled material floats as a froth containing molybdenite particles on the liquid surface.
	www.priorartdatabase.com /IPCOM/000000866 (454 words)

	Systems Engineering Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The objective of the project is to utilise machine vision equipment and software for obtaining quantitative information on the visual flotation froth characteristics and to use this information in the on-line control of the flotation process.
		Mathematical models of the flotation process (especially the dependencies of the visual characteristics of the froth on the process variables).
		Scientific results on the flotation process behaviour and on the dependencies of the flotation variables (concentration, etc.).
	cc.oulu.fi /~posyswww/research/project10.html (539 words)

	Argonne News 05/31/99
		"Froth flotation" may sound like a new drink at the neighborhood coffee shop, but it's actually a new tool for saving landfill space and recovering useful plastics from scrapped autos and appliances.
		Froth flotation allows two or more equivalent-density plastics to be separated with high purity.
		The froth flotation technique modifies the effective density of plastic materials as a basis for separating ABS and HIPS plastics.
	www.anl.gov /Media_Center/Argonne_News/news99/an990531.html (1561 words)

	Nottingham Mining and Minerals Centre
		Mineral froth flotation is undoubtedly the most important and versatile mineral processing technique available, and its use and application continue to widen.
		Froth flotation utilises the differences in physico-chemical surface properties of the particles of various minerals.
		Such differences become apparent within the pulp after treatment with flotation reagents; for flotation to occur, an air-bubble must attach itself to a particle and lift it towards the froth, and this can only occur if the mineral is rendered somewhat hydrophobic.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /scheme/nmmc/froth.php (328 words)

	ANNCIM
		As there is often a lack of adequate process instrumentation for control of flotation, a neural network can be combined with an image analysis system to classify froth types based on features extracted from such images.
		Furthermore, a flotation operator often has limited freedom to vary such variables as flotation feed density since to prevent plugging, the tailing pulp density must be kept at a level different than maybe optimal for flotation.
		For example, the colour of the froth may be seen as something between dark brown and dark gray.
	www.mining.ubc.ca /faculty/meech/anncim.htm (2894 words)

	Mining Technology - Nasaco - Frothers, Collectors and Depressants
		For the process of froth flotation, Nasaco supplies a range of NASCOL collectors.
		In the flotation of coal, Nasaco has licensed technology from patents awarded to associate companies in Southern Africa.
		Activators and surfactants in this range are used in promoting flotation and in electrowinning and electrorefining operations.
	www.mining-technology.com /contractors/chemicals/nasaco (582 words)

	froth-flotation process - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "froth-flotation process" at HighBeam.
		Selective froth flotation of PVC from PVC/PET mixtures for the plastics recycling industry.
		The best of both worlds: Eriez's HydroFloat separator combines features of density separators and conventional froth flotation, and it outperforms existing scavenger cells in the recovery of potash values from coarse tailings.(Potash Beneficiation)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-frothflo.html (191 words)

	Centre for Multiphase Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ata, S; Pigram, S; and Jameson, G J; "Tracking of particles in the froth phase; an experimental technique"; Centenary of Flotation Symposium to be held in Brisbane, Australia, 5-9 June (2005)
		Ata, S; Agarwal, A; and Jameson, G J; "Bubble clusters in a flotation cell: effect of impeller speed"; Centenary of Flotation Symposium to be held in Brisbane, Australia, 5-9 June (2005)
		Ata S; Ahmed, N; and Jameson, G J; "The effect of hydrophobicity on the drainage of gangue mineral in flotation froth", United Engineering Foundation Conference on froth flotation and dissolved air flotation: bridging the gap, Lake Tahoe, California, USA 27-31 May (2001)
	www.eng.newcastle.edu.au /cg/SRC/seher.html (398 words)

	Copper Flotation
		The copper minerals and waste rock are separated at the mill using froth flotation.
		Air is blown into the tanks and agitated like a giant blender, producing a foamy froth.
		By then the bubbles have broken and the slurry is poured into the center of this round tank.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/332flotation.html (451 words)

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