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	AllRefer.com - fruit fly (Zoology: Invertebrates) - Encyclopedia
		All fruit flies are very small insects that lay their eggs in various plant tissues.
		Drosophila melanogaster, also called vinegar fly, is a much used laboratory insect; its 10-day life cycle and large chromosomes, particularly those of the salivary glands of the larva, have made it invaluable in the study of genetics.
		Fruit flies are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Diptera, families Tephritidae and Drosophilidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/fruitfly.html (337 words)

	Encyclopedia: Fruit fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The larvae (maggots) of the olive fruit fly feed inside the fruit, destroying the pulp and allowing the entry of secondary bacteria and fungi that rot the fruit and impair quality or flavor of the oil.
		Olive fruit flies may be distinguished from related fruit flies by the presence of fl spots on the wing tips and the lack of banding across the wings that occurs in most other related species such as the walnut husk fly, apple maggot, and Mediterranean fruit fly.
		In areas where the olive fruit fly is not well established, adult olive fruit fly populations are being monitored with yellow sticky traps containing a sex pheromone (spiroketal) and/or ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, or diammonium phosphate bait.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Fruit-fly (457 words)

	Fruit Fly
		Fruit flies can be a problem year round, but are especially common during late summer/fall because they are attracted to ripened or fermenting fruits and vegetables.
		Fruit flies are common in homes, restaurants, supermarkets and wherever else food is allowed to rot and ferment.
		Fruit flies are especially attracted to ripened fruits and vegetables in the kitchen.
	www.the-piedpiper.co.uk /th6h.htm (1165 words)

	Caribbean fruit fly - Anastrepha suspensa
		Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and is one of several species of fruit flies which are indigenous to the West Indies and the larvae of which attack several kinds of tropical and subtropical fruits.
		Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedeman)) in 1956 and its subsequent costly eradication.
		Mating between the sterile lab-reared flies and fertile wild flies interrupts the native population because offspring are not produced.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /fruit/tropical/caribbean_fruit_fly.htm (2794 words)

	FRUIT FLIES SPEAK UP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Later still, fruit flies began to be used in mutational research.
		Fruit flies which receive mutations are always weakened in one way or another.
		Because fruit flies reproduce many generations in a very short time, scientists picked them for the experiment hoping to compress thousands of years of `evolution' into a few years of lab work.
	www.pathlights.com /ce_encyclopedia/10mut10.htm (1884 words)

	How to Get Rid of Fruit Flies - Getting Rid of Fruit Flies, Fruit Fly Trap
		Fruit flies are often found in the kitchen, especially when vegetable or fruit materials are present after major home canning efforts.
		This surface-feeding characteristic of the fruit fly larvae is significant in that damaged or over-ripened portions of fruits and vegetables can be cut away without having to discard the remainder for fear of retaining any developing larvae.
		The fruit fly larvae may feed on the sides of the drain and in the drain trap if there is an accumulation of organic debris there.
	www.doyourownpestcontrol.com /fruit_fly.htm (1217 words)

	Kill fruit flies with the non-toxic Fruit Fly Trap
		Fruit flies (as well as other small flies) are attracted to the bright coloration of the trap.
		Adult flies are attracted to ripe or overripe fruit and lay their eggs on or near them.
		Each fly trap is designed to work in areas of specific sizes, with area covered being determined by power and number of bulbs used in the lighted ultraviolet fly traps.
	www.pestproducts.com /fruitflytrap.htm (373 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		To Dobzhansky, the fruit fly chromosomes were a godsend and he spent years in the Californian wilderness collecting flies for analysis in the laboratory.
		His first discovery was that populations of flies living in different areas could be distinguished by the banding patterns of their chromosomes.
		Fruit fly genetics made evolution and the origin of species more credible to a once sceptical scientific community.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4161281,00.html (856 words)

	Fruit Fly Trap, fruit fly elimination, Fruit flies
		Fruit flies are small flies measuring about 1/8 inch in length, including their wings.
		Fruit fly larvae living in fruit which is eaten can cause intestinal discomfort and diarrhea.
		In vinegar-producing facilities, the fruit fly is responsible for infecting tanks of vinegar with a tiny nematode called the vinegar worm.
	www.pestproducts.com /fruitfly.htm (997 words)

	CMM: The Virtual Electron Microscope - The Queensland Fruit Fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Eventually the grubs crawl free of the fruit, jump (spring is more accurate) away from it and bury themselves in the ground where they harden their skin to form an egg-like pupa.
		The wick is impregnated with a chemical that attracts the male flies - it is a sex pheromone.
		Fruit can then be protected by covering it or by spraying and baiting flies before the females have a chance to lay eggs in the fruit.
	www.uq.edu.au /nanoworld/fly1.html (528 words)

	Queensland Fruit Fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fruit fly is widely recognised as the worlds' worst economic pest of fruit and poses significant problems for fruit production in Victoria.
		A number of fruit including bananas and avocados that are 'stung' when ripe or near ripe can be harvested in a mature green condition in order to avoid fruit fly infestation.
		There are fruit disinfestation methods such as cold or hot temperature treatments can be used to allow the sale of fruit to markets free of fruit flies.
	www.dpi.vic.gov.au /dpi/nrenfa.nsf/LinkView/3E0F7753C00E2610CA256CF600066A880CC67C895DBAF56ECA256EF50015A549 (888 words)

	Fruit Fly
		To reduce existing fruit fly populations you can use a trap or find some beneficial nematodes from your local garden center and add them to the bin.
		Fruit flies are attracted to the fruit juice and become trapped when they land to lay eggs.
		The flies will be attracted by the juice, enter through the holes but cannot find their way out.
	www.happydranch.com /invertebrates/fruitfly.html (710 words)

	Mutant Fruit Flies: Exploratorium Exhibit. Mutations in each fly's genetic code have altered their colors and shapes
		These are normal fruit flies, or "wildtypes." Notice the shape and length of their wings.
		Flies with vestigial wings cannot fly: they have a defect in their "vestigial gene," on the second chromosome.
		These are normal fruit flies, or "wildtypes." Notice the antennas sticking out in front of their red eyes.
	www.exploratorium.edu /exhibits/mutant_flies/mutant_flies.html (697 words)

	The Olive Fly - control measures, life cycle
		The fly lives all of its life stages solely in the olive fruit and emerges as a winged adult in the early spring from unpicked or dropped fruit.
		Flies are beginning to become sexually active as evidenced by preference to pheromone lure sticky traps vs. plain yellow traps.
		The olive fruit fly must leave ripe olives in the fall to avoid being consumed along with the ripe olive by birds and foragers.
	www.oliveoilsource.com /olive_fly.htm (4146 words)

	Discovery Online, The Skinny On ... Where Fruit Flies Come From
		Fruit flies prefer a diet of yeast, that marvelous microbe that eats fruit and spits out alcohol.
		Since flies disdain unripe fruit, and since that is precisely the sort of colorful paperweight that supermarkets tend to distribute, it's more likely that your Drosophila melanogaster came from the great outdoors than from the grocery store.
		A wine bottle with a bit of fruit or wine in the bottom and a cone of paper set funnel-style in the top works brilliantly, though Cranshaw notes that the trap may also attract your victims' country cousins.
	www.discovery.com /area/skinnyon/skinnyon970718/skinny1.html (733 words)

	Fruit Fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fruit fly larvae feed on the yeast organisms and fungi growing in the fruit and vegetable materials, and through their feeding efforts, they soon turn their food into a semi-liquid mess.
		Should fruit flies become abundant, a careful search for the larval breeding areas should be made by the homeowner.
		Any lingering adult flies in the kitchen may be destroyed via the judicious use of a fly swatter or an aerosol spray.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/entomology/factsheets/fruitfli.html (302 words)

	Fruit Fly Jellyfish
		The new gene is a hybrid between a fly gene that contributes to cell structure during development and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene.
		Research in the field of developmental biology has shown that fruit flies contain much of the same basic genetic programming that determines the growth and development of humans from a fertilized egg into a healthy baby.
		By watching the fate of the glowing cells in his experimental flies, Kiehart and his colleagues have already confirmed some of their previous hypotheses about cell movement during dorsal closure.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA11/glowfly1097.html (603 words)

	NASA - The Fruit Fly in You
		Fruit flies are bug eyed and spindly, they love rotten bananas, and, following orders from their pin-sized brains, they can lay hundreds of eggs every day.
		That's why fruit flies, known to scientists as Drosophila melanogaster, are commonplace in genetic research labs.
		Eventually the frozen flies will be returned to Earth where researchers can analyze their messenger RNA (mRNA), and thus their proteins, to see which genes were more active or less active in orbit.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/earth/livingthings/03feb_fruitfly.html (1033 words)

	Fruit Fly Care Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fruit flies are a perfect feeder insect for smaller reptiles or hatchlings such as baby chameleons, frogs, Paroedura Pictus, Bearded Dragons, etc.
		Fly cultures can be kept at room temperature (around 72 degrees F).You should avoid freezing temperatures and temperatures above 100 degrees F. After the initial culture is set up new flies begin to emerge in about two weeks.
		Fruit flies can be raised on a variety of fermenting plant materials but using prepared medium is the easiest.
	www.a1reptiles.com /a1ffcare.html (498 words)

	Fruit Fly
		A Fruit Fly is about one third the size of the housefly.
		Two drops of soap to break surface tension is mixed with fruit juice, beer, or apple cider as an attractant.
		Beneficial Nematodes are parasitic on fruit fly and fungus gnat larvae.
	www.happydranch.com /86.html (682 words)

	960 Vector Fruit Fly trap instructions
		The 960 Fruit Fly Trap is designed to attract adult fruit flies from short distances and, by counting and mapping infestation levels, to pinpoint specific sources of infestation.
		Fruit flies are among the smallest flies found in homes.
		Gentrol Aerosol is an aerosol insect growth regulator to use to kill fruit fly eggs and discourage immature fly development.
	www.doyourownpestcontrol.com /spec/pick-fruit_fly_trap.htm (1285 words)

	Life Cycle of the Fruit Fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There are four stages in the life cycle of the fruit fly: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
		Initially the fruit fly appears light in color with a long abdomen and unexpanded wings.
		A female fruit fly can store sperm after a single insemination and use it for many reproductions; therefore it is important to use virgin females for genetic crosses.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/bi/1994/life_cycle.html (279 words)

	Mediterranean fruit fly - Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
		Larval Diagnosis The primary diagnostic characters for Mediterranean fruit fly larvae involve the anterior spiracles, the buccal carinae, and the prominent subspiracular tubercles of the caudal end.
		Fruit in a hard or semiripe condition is better for oviposition than fully ripened fruit.
		Ripe fruit is likely to be more juicy, and such fruits often are associated with a high mortality of eggs and young larvae.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /fruit/mediterranean_fruit_fly.htm (3026 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Fruit fly gene success (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fruit flies share nearly 60% of human genes and are studied by thousands of scientists around the world.
		The reason is that fruit flies and humans use the same or similar genes to develop into adults.
		He agrees that the complete sequencing of the fruit fly genome is significant and useful.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/specials/washington_2000/newsid_647000/647139.stm (802 words)

	Fruit Fly Information and Control
		The fruit fly, A.K.A. Vinegar or Pomace Flies, is often brought into a home or business via fresh fruit and vegetables, or merely fly in through a screen or any tiny opening.
		Once the fruit fly is established they are annoying, as well as a vector for disease in some cases, and a pain to get rid of.
		Their eggs are often laid in fruit and as it deteriorates the flies emerge, usually in your kitchen, restaurant, or bar.
	www.scapest.com /fruit-fly.html (500 words)

	Vinegar Flies, HYG-2109-97
		Indoors, flies may be seen hovering around overripe fruit and vegetables, baked goods containing yeast, garbage cans and beverages such as fruit juices, cider, soft drinks, beer, wine and vinegar.
		This fly has been widely used by geneticists in studies of the laws of heredity since it is very prolific, easy to rear and has a short life cycle.
		Where vinegar or other nuisance flies are a potential threat to food processing plants, forcing a strong current of air, aimed at an angle toward the exterior of the plant over vehicle doorways, has proven to be a valuable prevention tool.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2109.html (1163 words)

	A Better Fruit Fly Trap
		The adult female medfly damages ripe fruit by making a hole and depositing her eggs under the skin of the fruit.
		ARS efforts to prevent establishment of medfly, as well as all other fruit flies, have led to development of a new, recently patented trapping system that will help fruit growers control this formidable pest.
		Traditional methods for monitoring, controlling, and eradicating fruit flies have relied on traps that use a variety of chemical compounds or protein.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/may01/fly0501.htm (646 words)

	Fly Lab
		In addition to wild-type flies, there are thousands of different mutations of the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
		The wild type flies we are using are Homozygous dominant (in fly genetic notation this is written as (+, +)).
		Remember that this fly represents a true-breeding parent that is homozygous for that trait.
	bioweb.wku.edu /courses/Biol114/Vfly1.asp (313 words)

	Living Things: Daily Living Activity 1
		Because of their rapid life cycle, fruit flies are perfect for observation.
		The fruit flies should begin to lay eggs in the banana within a few days.
		Compare the life cycle of the fruit fly with the life cycle of other animals, like butterflies, chickens, and puppies.
	www.fi.edu /tfi/units/life/living/livact1.html (261 words)

	UC Management Guidelines for Vinegar Fly on Strawberry
		Vinegar flies, also known as fruit or pomace flies, are small, yellowish flies that are commonly attracted to fermenting fruit of all kinds.
		Because this fruit is allowed to ripen in the field to allow easy removal of the calyx and core of the strawberry during picking, the harvest interval is increased and the fruit becomes more susceptible to infestation.
		Vinegar flies are attracted to very ripe or damaged fruit in the field where they lay their eggs.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r734301411.html (627 words)

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