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Topic: Fuad Chehab

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	Fuad Chehab Summary
		Fu'ad Shihab was born in 1903 in the town of Ghazir in Kisrwan and was the fourth generation descendant of Prince Hasan, the brother of Prince Bashir II (the Great) who was the ruler (Hakim) of Lebanon intermittently during the period 1788-1840.
		Chehab was widely expected to contest the presidential election of 1970, but in a historical declaration he said that his experience in office convinced him that the people of his country were not ready to put aside feudal traditional politics and support him in building a modern state.
		Fuad Chehab died in Beirut in April 1973 at the age of 71.
	www.bookrags.com /Fuad_Chehab (1673 words)

	Fuad Chehab
		Chehab is generally deeply respected for honesty and integrity.
		He took over after the Civil War of 1958, when the tensions that would result in the long civil war 17 years later were exposed.
		1952: Chehab refuses to use the army to quell the violent opposition directed at president Bishara Khouri.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/chehab_f.htm (261 words)

	TIME.com: Hamlet in Action -- Aug. 1, 1960 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		General Fuad Chehab, 58, earned the nickname "Hamlet" from U.S. officials for his indecisive refusal to attack the rebel barricades in Beirut.
		Chehab's wife called him aside, and 15 minutes later the President came back to say he would stay in after all.
		Fuad Chehab had proved that he was the country's indispensable man.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,869664,00.html (686 words)

	Charles Helou
		He was chosen president as a compromise candidate between factions still upset from the Civil War of 1958.
		The reform work that former president, Fuad Chehab, had started, slowed down under Helou.
		One reason for his election, was that he was one of few actual candidates that hadn't been active in the Civil War of 1958.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/helou_c.htm (337 words)

	Paul E. Salem
		After high school, he joined the military academy as a means of advancement and received his commission from General Fuad Chehab, the former Commander of the Army.
		Chehab had been elected President with support from Abd al-Nasir and the United Stated after the brief civil war of 1958.
		It is perhaps the example of Chehab, a man who had moved successfully from military to political power and who offered an acceptable nationalist-statist middle ground in the wake of the brief civil war of 1958, that first planted the seed of political ambition in the young Lieutenant.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br1/psalem1b.html (4606 words)

	The Lebanon War, Lebanese Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		General Fuad Chehab, the commander in chief and a Christian, feared a holocaust between the two religious factions.
		Both the Ambassador and General Chehab were concerned that units of the Lebanese Army might resist the Marine column.
		The attack was a three pronged affair on the outer perimeter of the camp with the Guardians on the Dautzigian front, the Ahrar Tigers on the Gervais front and the Tanzim attacking Tallet el mir.
	www.cedarland.org /war.html (21117 words)

	Fuad Chehab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This eventually brought him into conflict with the traditional feudal, confessional, and clan based politicians who saw their grip on power diminish.
		The first months of the Frangieh mandate saw the dismantling of the country’s intelligence and security services built by Chehab.
		They were feared and accused of still having a strong hold on political life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fuad_Chehab (864 words)

	The Marine Corps Wives Website Electronic Publications Page
		General Chehab suggested that the American Ambassador, the two admirals, and the Marine general accompany him to a small schoolhouse located a short distance from the road to discuss the confrontation between the Marine BLT and the Lebanese unit.
		The major was told that General Chehab had just left with the American Ambassador to attempt to resolve the difficulties between the Marines and the Lebanese Army on the main road to Beirut.
		Chehab indicated, however, that he wished the Americans to make only a token withdrawal until the internal situation in Lebanon was completely secure.
	www.chadduck.com /ymarines/library/documents/lebanon.htm (16732 words)

	for those who dont know - Iran Defence Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Chehab intervened only to keep certain essential communications open and to prevent rebel sorties from their strongholds in Tripoli, the Chouf, and the Basta area of Beirut.
		General Chehab was visibly upset by the news.
		Chehab had confided to the American Military Attache that some Lebanese Army officers had proposed a coup to him that morning in order to prevent a landing but that he had refused.
	www.irandefence.net /showthread.php?t=3887 (18690 words)

	The 1960 Lebanese Parliamentary Elections
		The chief significance of the 1960 elections, however, stems from the fact that they are the first since the civil war of 1958 and thus represent a kind of return to normalcy.
		The parliament of 1957, elected in the days of Chamoun and strongly favorable to him, was to all intents a lame duck from the day it named General Fuad Chehab as the new president on July 31, 1958.
		A mob of Deputies of all shades, described by the press as "weeping," "sobbing," "beseeching," and other pathetic characterizations, besieged him in his residence, declaiming that he was an irreplaceable symbol of unity and that they themselves would resign en masse from Parliament.
	www.aub.edu.lb /themes/1999/Kerr/elections.html (3488 words)

	Dar Al Hayat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the meantime, this growing tendency to resort to the street, and the growing animosity between the groups, and perhaps even a mutual arms race, is exactly what happened in the national unity government which accompanied the rift over the weapons of the Palestinian Resistance in Lebanon between 1969 and 1975.
		It could be said, as a counter argument, that President Fuad Chehab had already grouped together Pierre Gemayel and Kamal Jumblatt in his governments.
		But that was an exceptional experience in modern Lebanese history, stemming from the exceptional arbitrational position Chehab enjoyed, enhanced moreover by his executive powers.
	english.daralhayat.com /opinion/OPED/12-2006/Article-20061205-52f4fcf4-c0a8-10ed-01a4-77df51c802d1/story.html (1464 words)

	Cascon Case LEB: Lebanon 1957-58 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Army Commander Fuad Chehab kept the Army relatively uncommitted.
		The landings were peaceful and clearly the crisis had been exaggerated.
		On the domestic side the situation crisis eased as Chamoun made way for Fuad Chehab as President.
	web.mit.edu /cascon/cases/case_leb.html (286 words)

	Kamal Jumblatt Summary
		Kamal Jumblatt was born in Mukhtarah, Lebanon, in 1917.
		His ancestors were the Kurdish Janbuladhs who converted to the Druze faith and were in control of an expansive feudal entity in northern Syria.
		A political settlement followed by which Fuad Chehab was appointed new President of the Republic.
	www.bookrags.com /Kamal_Jumblatt (2521 words)

	Ya Libnan \| President Lahoud's Reign of Shame \| Live News from Lebanon
		Reeling from the pains of the 1958 crisis, the Lebanese Parliament elected General Fuad Chehab to the Presidency of the Lebanese Republic.
		General Chehab, a distinguished officer in the Lebanese Army who hails from a prominent Lebanese family, went on to built state institutions which last to this day.
		His reign was seen as a golden era in modern Lebanese history and many Lebanese even today nostalgically reflect on his achievements during his reign.
	yalibnan.com /site/archives/2005/09/president_lahou.php (1840 words)

	Interview with Armin H. Meyer
		The President then called in General Chehab to serve as interim head of the government.
		Chehab promptly conducted the election in which only members of parliament vote and Camille Chamoun came out the winner.
		He was able to persuade General Chehab to accept the Presidency, thus ending the strife as to whether Chamoun should renew or not.
	memory.loc.gov /master/mss/mssmisc/mfdip/2004/2004mey01.sgm (14030 words)

	[No title]
		Lebanon enjoyed since the beginning of the fifties and till 1975 a remarkable stability which has had repercussions on the situation of the social levels the most impoverished (cf.Osseiran-1994 (1)-pp 167-178).
		This was due to the social and economic politics initiated since 1960 by President Fuad Chehab.
		This improved the standard living of the Muslim communities, an improvement that gave rise later to a greater demand for a participation in the political decisions and in the state services as well as a greater self-conscience as an entity (forming of the higher Shiite Council and of the Islamic Sunnite Council).
	www.maronet.org /ga_papers/chaoul.doc (4507 words)

	1964: Lebanon - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		Charles Helou was elected president of Lebanon on September 23 by a 92-7 vote of parliament.
		The former minister of education became president under conditions strikingly different from those that attended the election of his predecessor, Fuad Chehab (Shihab).
		Become a subscriber today and gain access to:
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_1741578922/1964_Lebanon.html (121 words)

	Photo Time line 1900 - 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fearing the spread of Nasserism to Lebanon, the United States sent 10,000 troops and sponsored talks between the warring factions.
		A compromise led to elections, and General Fuad Chehab less enthusiastically pro-Western and friendlier to Nasser than Chamoun became president.
		Except for Jordan, all the Arab nations had now fallen more or less into Cairo's camp.
	www.palestinehistory.com /history/phototime/tl_1958_1.htm (233 words)

	Hezbollah threatens to topple democratically elected Lebanese govt. - Whistle Stopper Political Forums
		Ever since Lebanon [...] was one of the theaters of what Malcolm Kerr called “the Arab Cold War,” and of the Cold War itself.
		This first civil war ended in a compromise by which General Fuad Chehab assumed power and governed in a Bonapartist mode.
		This compromise came apart in 1967 under the impact of the Israeli-Arab war, in which Lebanon was not directly implicated, but which did have consequences for the country, since it led to the radicalization of the Palestinians.
	www.whistlestopper.com /forum/showthread.php?p=909461 (4516 words)

	New Page 1
		In 1925 established Fuad I University, now Cairo University, the first Western-style Egyptian university.
		Chosen as president in September 1982 to succeed his slain brother, Bashir.
		Served as prime minister again under Presidents Fuad Chehab and Charles Helou (1958–1969) until resigning to protest the violent suppression of a pro-Palestinian demonstration.
	www.cqpress.com /docs/ME10eBioFinal.htm (8543 words)

	[Lebanon:] The Real Problem - article by Daniel Pipes
		Discontented Moslems took up arms against the status-quo-oriented Christians in the brief civil war of 1958, marking the first time that Moslem leaders resorted to force after having failed to achieve objectives by political means.
		They compelled the reigning president, Camille Chamoun, to abandon plans to seek re-election and to step aside in favor of Fuad Chehab, a Maronite general more concerned with meeting Moslem demands.
		The 1958 war left a mixed legacy in Lebanon: It legitimated the use of force to apply political pressure.
	www.danielpipes.org /article/1590 (6218 words)

	DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN LEBANON
		Likewise, the state began constructing dams on the Litani River, and it expanded the thermal production of electricity.
		The Presidency of Fuad Chehab (1958-1964): This era was characterized by the linking of economic planning to the concepts of development, social justice, and national unity.
		Keynesian concepts were grafted on to classical liberalism, which was exemplified by the employment of French IRFED team, the development of the Ministry of Planning, and the establishment of a Central Directorate for Statistics.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br6/labakibr6pt1.html (3125 words)

	HISTORY FOR DUMMIES II... TWENTIETH CENTURY, THE BLOODIEST EVER
		On July 15, 1958 President Eisenhower under Operation Blue Bat sent 14,000 troops to Lebanon to prop up the Christian regime of Camille Chamoun.
		American diplomat Robert Murphy convinced Chamoun to resign and replaced him with Fuad Chehab.
		Though the Vietnam War started in 1957 the United States was not substantially involved until1965.
	www.etherzone.com /2006/cron092006.shtml (2953 words)

	Tripoli-Lebanon - Rachid Karami, Rashid
		He again opposed Chamoun in the Lebanon Crisis, a Nasserist uprising with considerable support in the Muslim community which erupted in May 1958 and attempted to topple the government and join Egypt and Syria in the new United Arab Republic.
		By September, when Chamoun had quelled the uprising with the aid of United States Marines, Karami formed a government of national unity under the new President, Fuad Chehab.
		Karami served four more times as Prime Minister throughout the 1960s.
	www.tripoli-lebanon.com /rachid-karami.html (1294 words)

	Lebanon - Demopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1958, during the last months of President Camille Chamoun's term, an insurrection broke out, and 5,000 United States Marines were briefly dispatched to the capital Beirut on July 15 in response to an appeal by the government.
		After the crisis, a new government, led by the popular former general Fuad Chehab, was formed.
		This page was last modified 08:35, 21 Jul 2005.
	demopedia.democraticunderground.com /index.php?title=Lebanon&... (93 words)

	Conservative incumbents fall in Iran polls Arafat asserts right to declare statehood Austrians stage massive ...
		Israel first wanted to know the extent of peace and security arrangements that Syria was prepared to offer.
		In 1959, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser held talks with Lebanese President Fuad Chehab in a tent in no-man's land on the Lebanese-Syrian border.
		Buses and trains bring protesters from other cities and even Italy to swell crowds in the capital Vienna
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=16168 (2147 words)

	The past of Lebanon weighs heavily on what is happening today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By 1960 the Muslims constituted a majority of the population, but they were still legally the "minority" and this would lead to a growing resentment on their part.
		In 1958, during the last months of President Camille Chamoun's term, a pro Nasserite uprising broke out, and 5,000 US marines were briefly sent to Beirut to prop up the pro-imperialist regime and the government of former general Fuad Chehab, was imposed.
		More Palestinian refugees arrived in Lebanon after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war.
	www.marxist.com /lebanon-historical-background040706.htm (1315 words)

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