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	Fuel economy in automobiles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fuel economy is the amount of fuel required to move a vehicle over a given distance.
		Fuel efficiency can also be hampered by unnecessary friction in the engine where drivers do not take advantage of situations where engine speed could be reduced.
		As fuel efficiency is related to the complete combustion per fuel molecule in order to get the most energy out of each unit of fuel, the air intake plays a significant role.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fuel_economy (2625 words)

	Fuel Cell Works Supplemental News Page
		Fuel cells are being called the energy sources of the 21st century.
		A fuel cell is used to harness this reaction in a controlled, explosion free manner.
		A third system comes in the form of PEM fuel cells that are tanked with methanol to be converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a so-called reformer.
	www.fuelcellsworks.com /Supppage4187.html (536 words)

	Enzymatic fuel cell with membrane bound redox enzyme patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A fuel chamber serves to introduce a fuel, typically hydrogen gas, which can be generated in situ by "reforming" hydrocarbons such as methane with steam, so that the hydrogen contacts H.sub.2O at the first electrode, where, when a circuit is formed between the electrodes, a reaction producing electrons and hydronium (H.sub.3O.sup.+) ions is catalyzed.
		Or, fuel concentration in the FS reservoir can be reduced to the degree that occurs during the life of the fuel cell or a cycle of the life of the fuel cell due to liquid flows back into the FS reservoir.
		Fuel concentration in the fuel side (in the anode chamber) is selected to allow sufficiently effective operation of the enzymes used to extract energy.
	www.freshpatents.com /Enzymatic-fuel-cell-with-membrane-bound-redox-enzyme-dt20051201ptan20050266290.php?type=description (12709 words)

	Dr. Fuel Clean - Diesel Fuel Tank Cleaning And Polishing
		Fuel systems, in general, are designed to return a significant proportion of the fuel, not used for combustion, back to the tank.
		Fuel solvency plays a role, since the development of insolubles is always a function of both the presence of higher molecular weight species and the fuel capacity to dissolve them.
		Hazy fuel is indicative of water emulsified in the fuel.
	www.drfuel.com /answers.php (3072 words)

	MaxImizer and Fuel
		Its molecule is composed of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms and is electrically neutral.
		The tendency of HC molecules to cluster causes local macro-groupings (condensing) of molecules to clog the pipes and fuel nozzles.
		fuel energizer's intense and focused magnetic field converts fuel molecules to a positive charge and sets them in order, which increases the attraction of negatively charged air molecules, boosted by the charged air to compensate for the improper fuel/air mixture of the non-efficient sensor.
	tomwflye0.tripod.com /maxfuel.html (6917 words)

	Fuel ...
		Molecules free of impurities produce a much cleaner fuel that burns completely and evenly in the combustion chamber or furnace, therefore delivering more power.
		As carbon deposits in the combustion chamber are inhibited and the quantity of sediments in the fuel drastically reduced, the abrasive effect is virtually eliminated, thus extending the life of the engine.
		The viscosity of the fuel is lowered to where a significant lowering of the pre-heat temperature is possible.
	www.protecusa.com /PT_fuel_catalysts.htm (590 words)

	Returnless Fuel Systems Motor - Find Articles
		That means one molecule of fuel might make as many as 30 trips to the engine via the fuel rail before it finally passes through an injector and is converted to energy.
		Returnless fuel systems also have fuel filters, but where those filters are placed can have a big effect on the longevity of the system, as well as its ease of service and repair.
		A restricted fuel filter is less likely to have an adverse effect on the fuel pump, and the filter can be placed in a location on top of the tank that is easily accessible for replacement.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3828/is_200410/ai_n9426858 (797 words)

	Basic Technical Data for Diesel Fuels
		Diesel fuel must be treated with additional chemicals to treat all problem phases, not just with adding fuel stability chemicals to the fuel.
		Fuel flow may be affected at temperatures as high as 15°F (-10°C).
		Engine warranties will not be affected in any way with the use of properly registered fuel and fuel additives, when used under recommended dosage and for use indicated.
	www.refinery-research.com /dieseltechnical.htm (1231 words)

	ramjet fuel saver,automotive fuel saver,cyclone fuel saver manufacturer and ramjet fuel savers,automotive fuel savers, ...
		When fuel is flowing to the fuel saver, it magnetises fuel molecule and makes the molecule temporarily into cathode.
		Fuels are mainly made up of hydrocarbons.With the use of the Super Fuel Saver, fuels change their magnetization orientation as they cross a magnetic field in the opposite direction of the external magnetic field.At the same time,hydrocarbon molecules change their configuration which reduces the intermolecular attraction forces.
		As a result of the fusion of fuel and air, the engine works more efficiently generating greater power, reducing the consumption of fuel, and also the hydrocarbons(HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide which emanate from the exhaust.
	cm.chinese-suppliers.com /n_ramjet_fuel_saver.htm (498 words)

	Bad Fuels for Cars
		Bad fuels are those that FAIL to readily form the smallest fuel fragments with the greatest population of fuel particles.
		The full weight of the air-borne oxygen molecules is multiplied by 5 to yield the total weight of the intake air that must combust (ideally) because the weight of air is 1/5 oxygen and 4/5 nitrogen, roughly.
		Free molecules are speeding around their mean-free-path at high velocity and when they strike another particle, they decelerate so their kinetic energy of motion becomes heat and the struck particles go way up in temperature and disassociate into smaller and simpler components.
	www.lubedev.com /smartgas/badfuel.htm (7114 words)

	Fuel Oxidation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Fuel oxidation is the number of electrons that a fuel molecule will tend to take.
		One molecule of quadricyclene with thirty six reducing electrons mixes stoichiometrically with nine molecules of oxygen with four oxidizing electrons each.
		Given fuel carbon, fuel hydrogen and fuel oxygen the fuel oxidation can be calculated which is in turn used along with oxidizer mix oxidation to calculate oxidizer mix molar.
	members.axion.net /~enrique/fueloxidation.html (235 words)

	Ethanol Molecule -- Ethanol as a Fuel
		flexible fuel vehicles, since they can automatically detect the type of fuel and change the engine's behavior to compensate for the different ways that they burn in the engine cylinders.
		However, there is a controversy over whether requiring ethanol in automotive fuel is wise since it has been argued that the beneficial effects of ethanol can be achieved with other cheaper additives made from petroleum.
		Unfortunately, it also results in the formation of carbon monoxide, a substance that "chokes" most fuel cells and must be passed through another catalyst to be converted into carbon dioxide.
	www.worldofmolecules.com /fuels/ethanol.htm (1626 words)

	The RxP fuel additive contains amongst others, a molecule that is a strong infra-red (IR) absorber. Once in vapor form ...
		The increased fuel mileage stems from the fact that, due to the IR absorption, less energy is wasted by escaping to the cylinder walls.
		Note that preheating of the intake air prior to entering the combustion chamber by using waste heat is widely practiced and it seems to be the general agreement that it is worthwhile.
		In case of preheating the fuel mixture inside the combustion chamber by IR radiation, a temperature gradient is not an issue as radiation has no temperature, meaning the temperature of a gas having any temperature can still be increased by radiation.
	www.rxp.com /science.htm (1287 words)

	ODU Biology 108N: Anaerobic Respiration
		First, the three-carbon pyruvic acid molecule is fragmented into a two-carbon molecule and a one-carbon molecule (carbon dioxide).
		Then the hydrogen atoms which were liberated in the earlier stages are combined with each new two-carbon molecule to complete the process with the formation of an alcohol molecule.
		In a stepwise series of chemical reactions, fermentation converts the single glucose fuel molecule to one ethyl alcohol molecule, one carbon dioxide molecule, and energy.
	www.lions.odu.edu /~knesius/miniunits/epsilon/epsilon5.html (1468 words)

	Fuel Question - Car Forums and Automotive Chat
		You get more heat produced per molecule for gasoline than for methane because there is more carbon and hydrogen per molecule.
		I was thinking more along the lines of the oxygen in the alcohol being removed completely from the molecule and combining with something else in the case where there wasn't sufficient oxygen supplied from the air.
		My answer is that nitromethane releases the most energy per kilogram of air, while methane releases the most energy per kilogram of fuel, and gasoline releases the most energy per molecule.
	www.automotiveforums.com /t51029-fuel_question.html (1070 words)

	Dr. Steven Zabarnick
		This includes development of advanced fuels such as JP-8+100, JP-8+100LT, and JP-8+225; chemical kinetic modeling of fuel oxidation and deposition; development of fuel additives which inhibit oxidation, deposition, and crystallization; and molecular dynamics modeling of the physical and chemical processes of fuel crystallization and additive action.
		To the right is a video of a molecular dynamics simulation of fuel crystallization, showing a fuel molecule (normal alkane) approaching and attaching to the stepped 110 surface of a normal alkane crystal (n-heptadecane).
		To the left is data from a differential scanning calorimeter showing the heat released during the crystallization process in three different fuels Notice how the different components of the fuel greatly affect the temperature at which it freezes.
	www.engr.udayton.edu /faculty/szabarni (986 words)

	SOLTRON - Enzyme Fuel Treatment
		Soltron™ is an organic based fuel enhancing agent which has been developed over many years of research by combining biotechnology and natural enzymes.
		Soltron's™ enzymes feed on microorganisms or fungi in fuel and prevents bacteria formation and growth at the fuel/water interface and this troublesome contaminant is destroyed.
		Soltron's™ enzymes weaken the structure of the hydrocarbon molecule in fuel to facilitate the reaction of carbon and oxygen during combustion.
	www.navstore.com /soltron.asp (559 words)

	Combustion Basics
		Because of the drawbacks of petroleum fueled stoves for the average backpacker, a number of people have recently turned their attention to using alcohol as a stove fuel.
		You might see from this discussion that for any specific fuel molecule there is some amount of oxygen that is "exactly right" in order to enable complete combustion.
		The fuel in the outer chamber vaporizes and is forced out through the orifices in the top of the chamber.
	www.thermojetstove.com /combustion.htm (1723 words)

	Solpower Corporation - Soltron
		Some sediments such as rust are caused by the presence of water in fuel.
		Soltron's® / Xbee's® naturally occurring enzymes act like powerful surfactants and dispersants. Harmful fuel contaminants lose their ability to stick to tank walls and lines. Sludge and microbial growth are dispersed slowly into the fuel and are either combusted or filtered out. Having removed the contamination from the fuel reduces corrosive attack on fuel tanks, pumps, and injectors.
		Soltron's® / Xbee's® enzymes weaken the structure of the hydrocarbon molecule in fuel to facilitate the reaction of carbon and oxygen during combustion.
	www.solpower.com /soltron/soltronmain.asp (404 words)

	Tiny computing machine fueled by DNA
		Fifty years after the discovery of the structure of DNA, a new use has been found for this celebrated molecule: fuel for molecular computation systems.
		Now his team has made the device uniquely frugal: the single DNA molecule that provides the computer with the input data also provides all the necessary fuel.
		The source of fuel of the earlier device was a molecule called ATP, the standard energy currency of all life forms.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-02/wi-tcm022403.php (327 words)

	FuelCellStore.com Mini Fuel Cell Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		However, it is neither more toxic nor more flammable than other regularly used fuels, such as methanol or gasoline.
		It is particularly suitable for use in our mini fuel cell, because when dissolved in water or an alkaline solution, in the presence of a platinum catalyst (which is on the anode) the NaBH
		The hydrogen is formed right there on the anode, and is thus immediately used by the fuel cell.
	www.fuelcellstore.com /products/fuelcell/sodium_tetrahydridoborate.htm (289 words)

	HA
		The focus of my research is the application of single molecule fluorescence microscopy and single-molecule manipulation tools to directly probe biological processes.
		We will apply novel single-molecule assays to investigate how helicases consume free energy released by breaking chemical bonds in the 'fuel' molecule and couple it to their structural changes and move along DNA molecule and unwind it.
		Motorized stage movement synchronized with fluorescence data acquisition/analysis will allow us to rapidly characterize individual mutants based on their properties that can be classified only at the single-molecule level (for example, folding pathways, rare and transient reactions).
	www.biotech.uiuc.edu /directory/people/Ha.html (591 words)

	fuel economizer,gas economizer,car engine fuel saver manufacturer and fuel economizers,gas economizers, car engine fuel ...
		fuel economizer,gas economizer,car engine fuel saver manufacturer and fuel economizers,gas economizers, car engine fuel savers supplier--China Ningbo Centre Magnetic and Electronic Co.,Ltd.
		[fuel economizer, gas economizer, car engine fuel saver]
		We can design new products, fuel economizers, gas economizers, car engine fuel savers according to your requirement.
	cm.chinese-suppliers.com /n_fuel_economizer.htm (493 words)

	ARSCO: DIESEL FUEL CATALYST
		Opens Fossil Fuel Molecule Chains Exposing More Surface To The Oxygen For A More Complete Burn.
		In This Case Adds Oxygen To Fuel Molecules
		It Is Connected To The Fuel Line Between The Fuel Filter And The Injector Pump
	www.arsco.com /diesel_fuel_catalyst2.htm (209 words)

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