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	Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Virginia's governor, Beverly Randolph, refused the extradition request on the grounds that Davis was a fugitive slave subject to rendition.
		Escaped slaves were not allowed jury trials, and it was not uncommon for runaways to be refused permission to present proof of their freedom in court.
		The Act had a chilling effect on the lives of the one-fifth of the American population that was of African descent, and the Underground Railroad developed in response to it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_(1793) (505 words)

	The American Revolution (Fugitive Slave Law)
		The U.S. Congress intended the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 to resolve the ambiguities present in previous legislation.
		Slave catchers were permitted to capture a runaway slave in any state or territory and needed only to prove orally to a federal or state judge that the person was an escaped slave.
		The slave was not guaranteed a trial by jury, and the judge's decision was final.
	theamericanrevolution.org /hdocs/fugslavelaw.asp (81 words)

	Slave act, www act org, tort claims act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Slave act The Duty of Disobedience to the Fugitive Slave Act by Lydia Maria...
		The passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 was among the causes that.
		Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Throughout the first-half of the.
	www.college-counseling.org /act/slave_act.html (923 words)

	Fugitive Slaves
		From 1830 to 1860 almost never was assistance refused to a fugitive slave from the South, even when he was known to be such; and during this time it was with the greatest difficulty that a master could recover his property.
		Margaret Morgan was the slave of Margaret Ashmore, a citizen of Maryland.
		We hold the [Pennsylvania] act to be clearly constitutional in all its leading provisions, and, indeed, with the exception of that part which confers authority upon state magistrates, to be free from reasonable doubt and difficulty upon the grounds already stated.
	www.slavenorth.com /fugitive.htm (2388 words)

	Fugitive Slave Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Acts passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850, intended to facilitate the recapture and extradition of runaway slaves and to commit the federal government to the legitimacy of holding property in slaves.
		The statute authorized slave owners or their agents to apprehend fugitives in any state or territory and provided that owners could apply to a circuit or district judge for a certificate to take custody of runaways.
		Although the constitutionality of the fugitive slave laws was unquestioned, only the force of arms could finally define the nature of the Union, its source of authority, and the boundaries of liberty.
	www.rlc.dcccd.edu /annex/COMM/english/mah8420/FugitiveSlaveLaws.htm (685 words)

	Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
		And be it further enacted, That any agent, appointed as aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive into his custody, shall be empowered to transport him or her to the state or territory from which he or she shall have fled.
		And if any person or persons shall by force set at liberty, or rescue the fugitive from such agent while transporting, as aforesaid, the person or persons so offending shall, on conviction, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned not exceeding one year.
		Which penalty may be recovered by and for the benefit of such claimant, by the action of debt, in any court proper to try the same; saving moreover to the person claiming such labour or service, his right of action for or on account of the said injuries or either of them.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/02rights/slave02.htm (340 words)

	Slavery
		African Slaves comprise of 20% of the population in the American colonies.
		This act abolishes the purchasing of any new slaves and declares that any African-American born from the passing of the act is born free.
		It is in defiance of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~rhernand/slavery.htm (481 words)

	Fugitive Slave Incidents in Central Pennsylvania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prior to that, a few African slaves existed in the region populated by the Dutch, Swedes and Finns.[ii] In central Pennsylvania, slaves were held chiefly by the wealthier and established residents of each county, and were used for agricultural, industrial and domestic work.
		This act did not free any currently held slaves, but stipulated that all children of slaves born after the passage of the act would be free upon reaching their 28th birthday.
		The capture of the slaves, reported in the anti-slavery National Era, bemoaned the fact that little could be done on the part of the slaves due to “the charter of abominations, The Fugitive Slave Law.”[xix] In October, in two separate incidents, Black women in Harrisburg were seized by white slave hunters.
	www.afrolumens.org /rising_free/fugitive.html (6067 words)

	The Fugitive Slave Acts
		Those officers capturing a fugitive slave were entitled to a fee and this encouraged some officers to kidnap free Negroes and sell them to slave-owners.
		If an escaped slave was sighted, he or she should be apprehended and turned in to the authorities for deportation back to the "rightful" owner down south.
		The 'personal liberty laws' compelled a slave catcher to furnish corroborative proof that his captive was a fugitive and frequently accorded the accused the rights to trial by jury and appeal.
	www.math.buffalo.edu /~sww/0history/SlaveActs.html (601 words)

	Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
		Ambiguities present in previous legislation led the U.S. Congress to pass the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.
		Slave hunters were allowed to capture an escapee in any territory or state and were required only to confirm orally before a state or federal judge that the person was a runaway.
		These "personal liberty laws" compelled a slave catcher to furnish corroborative proof that his captive was a fugitive and frequently accorded the accused the rights to trial by jury and appeal.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h480.html (350 words)

	[No title]
		Congress first passed a fugitive slave law in 1793 as a means to protect Southern "property" rights in chattel slavery.
		The allowance of clothing on this plantation to each slave, was given out at Christmas for the year, and consisted of one pair of coarse shoes, and enough coarse cloth to make a jacket and trowsers.
		When the slaves get a permit to leave the plantation, they sometimes make all ring again by singing the following significant ditty, which shows that after all there is a flow of spirits in the human breast which for a while, at least, enables them to forget their wretchedness.
	members.tripod.com /~hawkenstuff/fugitive.html (1697 words)

	fugitive slave act of 1793 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On February 12, 1793, the Second Congress passed "An act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the service of their masters," that authorized the arrest or seizure of fugitives and empowered "any magistrate of a county, city or town" to rule on the matter.
		The act further established a fine of $500 against any person who aided a fugitive.
		The act was no doubt a response to the proliferation of anti-slavery societies and to the emergence of the Underground Railroad.
	www.uoregon.edu /~mjdennis/201/wk7_fugitive.htm (330 words)

	Slavery in America
		Slaves, on the other hand, forced the issue by seeking out the Union forces in droves, looking for protection, and offering their services to the army that would one day free them permanently.
		Slaves tried to control the work pace set for them by the masters so that the least able of their group would no be whipped or sold for falling behind.
		Urban slaves also mingled easily if not freely with the large numbers of free fls who lived in every southern city--men, women, and children who were either born free or had been freed (emancipated) by their owners.
	www.slaveryinamerica.org /history/hs_es_overview.htm (11743 words)

	National Register Supplement
		cotton gin, and the news of a slave uprising in Haiti.
		No record of the actual number of fugitive slaves remains to document the Underground Railroad traffic through Philadelphia, but it is certain that this city served as a key stopover -- perhaps the most active station -- on the coastal escape route from slavery.
		As captured fugitive slaves were brought to trial at the U.S. District Court, prominent local abolitionist attorneys rushed to the courtroom to argue for their release, while anti-slavery advocates covered the story for the abolitionist press.
	www.nps.gov /inde/archeology/NRamend.htm (6768 words)

	Fugitive Slave Laws - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Fugitive Slave Laws, acts passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850, intended to facilitate the recapture and extradition of runaway...
		More important than the number arriving safely was the publicity given to this clandestine work, which helped to make northern whites conscious of...
		The fugutive slave laws passed between 1793 and 1850, and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 increased pessimism among fls about the possibility of a...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Fugitive_Slave_Laws.html (164 words)

	He preferred death to slavery
		One of the resolutions proposed by Henry Clay to appease the interests of the South in the compromise measures of 1850, was the strengthening of the original Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.
		In the revised Act, adopted into law in September, 1850, the federal government was empowered to levy heavy penalties upon anyone who was found guilty of obstructing the return of runaway slaves to their Southern masters.
		Citizens found guilty of concealing slaves or aiding in their rescue, were subject to a fine of $1000, imprisonment for up to six months, and civil damages of $1000 for each fugitive.
	www.griffingweb.com /he_preferred_death_to_slavery.htm (5215 words)

	Underground Railroad Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As a response to the Fugitive Slave Act (1793), abolitionists use the "underground" to assist slaves to escape into Ohio and Canada.
		The measure establishes the 36 degree, 30' parallel of latitude as a dividing line between free and slave areas of the territories.
		As part of the Compromise, a new Fugitive Slave Act is added to enforce the 1793 law and allows slaveholders to retrieve slaves in northern states and free territories.
	www.nps.gov /boaf/urrchronology.htm (546 words)

	George Washington
		This issue was resolved in the bicentennial year of 1976 when Washington was, by act of Congress, posthumously promoted to the rank of General of the Armies, this promotion being backdated to July 4, 1776, making Washington permanently the senior military officer of the United States.
		At the age of eleven, he inherited ten slaves; by the time of his death there were 317 slaves at Mount Vernon, including 124 owned by Washington, 40 leased from a neighbor, and an additional 153 "dower slaves" which were controlled by Washington but were the property of Martha's first husband's estate.
		Washington rotated his household slaves between Mount Vernon and Philadelphia so that they did not earn their freedom, a scheme he attempted to keep hidden from his slaves and the public.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/george_washington.html (6099 words)

	Andover-Harvard Library - Public Ministry Exhibit - Fugitive Slave Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		New England Ministers Resolve to Oppose the Fugitive Slave Act, 1850.
		An 1850 amendment to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 included a provision mandating the return of fugitive slaves.
		About nine hundred fugitive slaves, of an estimated ten thousand, were returned under the 1850 act.
	www.hds.harvard.edu /library/exhibits/online/hdspublicministry/4.html (122 words)

	Esl Spot
		Slaves escaped bondage with and without outside assistance as early as the 1600s, long before the railroads were developed beginning in the 1820s.
		Although it was possible for escaped slaves to live free in many northern states, it was increasingly dangerous after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
		In this manner, the number of former slaves who owed their freedom at least in part to the courage and determination of those who operated Underground Railroad was far greater than the many thousands who actually traveled the clandestine network.
	eslspot.free.fr /underground1.htm (2107 words)

	The Underground Railroad
		Once a slave escaped and managed to make contact with sympathizers, he or she became a part of the underground railroad and would hopefully be transported to freedom.Similar to an actual railroad, the act of transporting the escaped slaves incorporated all the terms used during a railroad journey.
		The routes from safe-house to safe-house (houses where fugitive slaves were kept) were called lines and were roughly 15 miles long, but the distance shortened considerably the further north one got.
		It was customary that babies be cared for by broken down slaves; but Margaret was forced to leave the baby Samuel in the shade of a bush by the field, returning to it only twice the entire day she worked.
	www.math.buffalo.edu /~sww/0history/UndergroundRailRoad.html (1011 words)

	Alex Robert Murenia -- Africana Library, Cornell University
		The climate and topography of the wooded, gorged, and water-covered landscape of the Lake County region were as new to those passing through this area as the concept of finally being "free".
		The period under investigation includes the dates which marked the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
		My intent is to separate those white Abolitionists who had primary interest in the freedom of slaves from those who might have used the freedom of Blacks to achieve personal economic gain.
	www.library.cornell.edu /africana/thesis/murenia1982.html (650 words)

	fugitive slave laws
		As slavery was abolished in the Northern states, the 1793 law was loosely enforced, to the great irritation of the South, and as abolitionist sentiment developed, organized efforts to circumvent the law took form in the
		As a concession to the South a second and more rigorous fugitive slave law was passed as part of the
		Both acts were finally repealed by Congress on June 28, 1864.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0819828.html (555 words)

	History of the Supreme Court: Overview
		The Court upheld the constitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, maintaining that the slavery clauses of the Constitution were "sacred compromises." The ruling asserted the dictum that judges could not refuse to enforce an immoral law.
		With the outbreak of fighting, the Court took a backseat role in deference to the authority of the federal government principally because the big issues were being settled on the battlefield and not in the courtrooms.
		This ruling essentially made the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 unenforceable by federal authority; it promoted continued violence by whites against fls in the Reconstruction South, culminating in an epidemic of public lynching and the torture murder of African Americas that plagued the nation for the next 50 years.
	www.historyofsupremecourt.org /overview.htm (20155 words)

	The Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Such assistance was necessary because the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the stricter Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allowed slaveowners to recapture their escaped slaves.
		Despite well-known forays into the deep South to spirit slaves to freedom--such as those of Harriet Tunman--the great majority of escaped slaves acted on their own.
		Estimates of the number of slaves aided by the Underground Railroad are difficult to make, but most fall between 50,000 and 100,000.
	www.americanrevwar.homestead.com /files/civwar/railroad.html (235 words)

	-Civil Rights-
		Congress enacted this Act to ensure that slave owners had the legal authority to reclaim their lost “property.” Many non-Southern whites tend to view slavery as something that occurred only in the South and that cannot be imputed to the entire federal government.
		It provided that more resources be committed to assist slave owners in securing the return of any lost “property.” Again, this Act demonstrates that the federal government was heavily involved in protecting the institution of slavery.
		This proclamation is often misconstrued as the proclamation that set slaves free, and Lincoln is frequently viewed as the man who freed slaves.
	www.msworkerscenter.org /info/civil_rights.htm (573 words)

	States Rights, One of the Causes of the Civil War
		The resolutions urged all the states to join in declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts null and void and in demanding their repeal at the next session of Congress, but none of the other states went along with Virginia and Kentucky.
		When dealing with the subject, the Federal government must act merely as a trustee for the states and must give effect to their laws, particularly the laws respecting slavery State rights was no longer just a defense of local self-determination; it had become a means of imposing a states laws on people outside the state.
		When a Federal court convicted Sherman Booth of violating the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the Wisconsin Supreme Court repeatedly (1854--1855) issued Writs of habeas corpus to release him on the ground that the act was unconstitutional.
	civilwarhome.com /statesrights.htm (3802 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		This issue was resolved in 1976 when Washington was, by Act of Congress, posthumously promoted to the rank of General of the Armies, outranking any past, present, and future general, and declared to permanently be the top-ranked military officer of the United States.
		He was noteworthy, however, for the humane treatment of his slaves and for his growing unease with the "peculiar institution." Historian Roger Bruns has written, "As he grew older, he became increasingly aware that it was immoral and unjust.
		Lafayette urged him to free his slaves as an example to others— Washington was held in such high regard after the revolution that there was reason to hope that if he freed his slaves, others would follow his example.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/George_Washington (4605 words)

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