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	Fugitive Slave Laws - MSN Encarta
		Fugitive Slave Laws, acts passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850, intended to facilitate the recapture and extradition of runaway slaves and to commit the federal government to the legitimacy of holding property in slaves.
		The statute authorized slave owners or their agents to apprehend fugitives in any state or territory and provided that owners could apply to a circuit or district judge for a certificate to take custody of runaways.
		Although the constitutionality of the fugitive slave laws was unquestioned, only the force of arms could finally define the nature of the Union, its source of authority, and the boundaries of liberty.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559710/Fugitive_Slave_Laws.html (785 words)

	Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fugitive Slave Law or Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slaveholding interests and Northern Free-Soilers and abolitionists.
		A major cause of conflict between the Southern slave states and the Northern free states was the lack of assistance given by northerners to southern slave-owners and their agents seeking to recapture escaped slaves.
		With the outbreak of the American Civil War, General Benjamin Butler justified refusing to return runaway slaves in accordance to this law because as the Union and the Confederacy were at war, the slaves could be confiscated and set free as contraband of war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Law_of_1850 (689 words)

	Fugitive slave laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fugitive slave laws were statutes passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of negro slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory.
		As early as the first decade of the 19th century individual dissatisfaction with the law of 1793 had taken the form of systematic assistance rendered to negroes escaping from the South to Canada or New England: the so-called Underground Railroad.
		But for some time the Fugitive Slave Law was considered still to hold in the case of fugitives from masters in the border states who were loyal to the Union government, and it was not until the 28 June 1864 that the Act of 1850 was repealed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Law (602 words)

	FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS - LoveToKnow Article on FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A fugitive slave clause was inserted in the Articles of Confederation of the New England Confederation of 1643, providing for the return of the fugitive upon the certificate of one magistrate in the jurisdiction out of which the said servant fledno trial by jury being provided for.
		The demand from the South for more effective Federal legislation was voiced in the second fugitive slave law, drafted by Senator J. Mason of Virginia, and enacted on the 18th of September 1850 as a part of the Compromise Measures of that year.
		But for some time the Fugitive Slave Law was considered still to hold in the case of fugitives fri~m masters in the border states who were loyal to the Union government, and it was not until the 28th of June 1864 that the Act of 1850 was repealed.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FU/FUGITIVE_SLAVE_LAWS.htm (766 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 98, FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The first two, applying to fugitive criminals, merely specified the manner in which the demand was to be made upon the governor, and made no attempt to enforce a surrender of the criminal, if it should be refused.
		On the other hand, the border slave states complained of the increased insecurity of slave property, and a member of the house from Virginia introduced a bill to increase the efficiency of the fugitive slave law.
		The success of the republican party, in 1860, by the vote of the north, was therefore constructed by secessionists at the south as a final refusal by the north to enforce the compromise of 1850, and was the principal excuse for secession.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy489.html (1272 words)

	Whitman, Dickinson, and the Fugitive Slave Law
		The first fugitive slave law was passed in 1793 and authorized slaveowners to cross state lines to retrieve their "property." Slaveowners could go before any local magistrate or federal court to prove ownership.
		During the War, the problem of fugitive slaves in the North increased, and the problem of dealing with this human "contraband" was a major concern for the government and military.
		The Fugitive Slave Law was not repealed until June 1864, a year and a half after the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect, and only a half year from the end of the Civil War.
	www.iath.virginia.edu /fdw/volume2/folsom/fugitive/index-critintro.html (2239 words)

	Africans in America/Part 4/Eric Foner on the Fugitive Slave Act
		And that's why the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was enacted, which made the federal government responsible for tracking down and apprehending fugitive slaves in the North, and sending them back to the South.
		The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, you might say, was the most powerful exercise of federal authority within the United States in the whole era before the Civil War.
		Fugitive slaves had a tremendous impact on the development of the anti-slavery movement.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part4/4i3094.html (722 words)

	AllRefer.com - fugitive slave laws (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		fugitive slave laws, in U.S. history, the federal acts of 1793 and 1850 providing for the return between states of escaped fl slaves.
		Many Northern states also passed personal-liberty laws that allowed fugitives a jury trial, and others passed laws forbidding state officials to help capture alleged fugitive slaves or to lodge them in state jails.
		In Boston, for instance, the "good citizens," including some of the foremost Brahmins, stormed the federal courthouse, but failed to free the escaped Virginia slave Anthony Burns; moreover, it was thought expedient to have 1,100 soldiers guard him when he was marched aboard ship for his return to bondage.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/fugitive.html (562 words)

	fugitive slave laws on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		"The Jordan is a hard road to travel": Hoosier responses to fugitive slave cases, 1850-1860.
		FUGITIVE SLAVE'S JOURNEY TO ONTARIO WAS A LONG ONE.(SERIES: Freedom bound:The story of Syracuse and the Underground Railroad)(Weekend)
		FOOTPRINTS OF THE FUGITIVE: SLAVE NARRATIVE DISCOURSE AND THE TRACE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f1/fugitive.asp (734 words)

	Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
		Physically distant from the South, and populated mostly by northerners, many with antislavery sentiments, Chicago was a relatively safe haven for fugitive slaves.
		After the adoption of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law by the United States Congress, the city's African American community formed a “Liberty Association” with regular patrols to subvert the legislation by preventing the seizure of fls in the city by slaveholders and their agents.
		In October 1850 a slave catcher from Missouri arrived in the city and was informed by leading citizens that his safety was at risk if he stayed.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/1430.html (263 words)

	Whitman, Dickinson, and the Fugitive Slave Law
		During the 1850s, Emily Dickinson was reading about the Fugitive Slave Law and the reactions to the law, and it was a burning topic in Washington when she visited the capital in 1855.
		The fugitive slave's body is "host" to the swarm of its captors, just as the body hosts the leech, to drain blood supposedly for health.
		Fugitive slaves by definition gave lie to that stereotype, for fugitive slaves were active and intense and agitated and anything but serene.
	iath.virginia.edu /fdw/volume2/folsom/fugitive/index-dickinson.html (1008 words)

	African American Journey: Fugitive Slave Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Fugitive slave laws were laws that provided for the return of runaway slaves who escaped from one state to another.
		In 1793, the U.S. Congress passed a fugitive slave law allowing owners to recover slaves merely by presenting proof of ownership before a magistrate.
		An order was then issued for the arrest and return of the escaped slaves, who were forbidden a jury trial and the right to give evidence in their own behalf.
	www2.worldbook.com /features/aajourney/html/bh042.html (186 words)

	Whitman, Dickinson, and the Fugitive Slave Law
		During the 1850s, Emily Dickinson was reading about the Fugitive Slave Law and the reactions to the law, and it was a burning topic in Washington when she visited the capital in 1855.
		The fugitive slave's body is "host" to the swarm of its captors, just as the body hosts the leech, to drain blood supposedly for health.
		Fugitive slaves by definition gave lie to that stereotype, for fugitive slaves were active and intense and agitated and anything but serene.
	www.classroomelectric.org /volume2/folsom/fugitive/index-dickinson.html (1008 words)

	The Fugitive Slave Acts
		Slave hunters were allowed to capture an escapee in any territory or state and were required only to confirm orally before a state or federal judge that the person was a runaway.
		If an escaped slave was sighted, he or she should be apprehended and turned in to the authorities for deportation back to the "rightful" owner down south.
		The 'personal liberty laws' compelled a slave catcher to furnish corroborative proof that his captive was a fugitive and frequently accorded the accused the rights to trial by jury and appeal.
	www.math.buffalo.edu /~sww/0history/SlaveActs.html (601 words)

	Fugitive Slave Incidents in Central Pennsylvania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Prior to that, a few African slaves existed in the region populated by the Dutch, Swedes and Finns.[ii] In central Pennsylvania, slaves were held chiefly by the wealthier and established residents of each county, and were used for agricultural, industrial and domestic work.
		The slaves were not permitted to testify at all, and did not have the right to legal counsel or to call witnesses to testify on their own behalf.
		The capture of the slaves, reported in the anti-slavery National Era, bemoaned the fact that little could be done on the part of the slaves due to “the charter of abominations, The Fugitive Slave Law.”[xix] In October, in two separate incidents, Black women in Harrisburg were seized by white slave hunters.
	www.afrolumens.org /rising_free/fugitive.html (6075 words)

	Fugitive Slave Act
		Fugitive Slave laws made it against the law to hide shelter, or to keep a slave from being arrested.
		Fugitive slave laws were made to keep fls in slavery.
		Fugitive Slave laws connect to A Family Apart because the sheriff and bounty hunters were trying to capture the runaway slaves that Frankie helped along the Underground Railroad.
	www.bgcs.k12.oh.us /reinhart/apart/fugitive.htm (168 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Documents: The Fugitive Slave Act
		Furthermore, should an arrested fugitive manage to escape from custody, the marshal or deputy would be liable to prosecution, and could be sued for 'the full value of the service or labor of said fugitive in the State, Territory or District whence he escaped.'
		from arresting such a fugitive from service or labor, either with or without process as aforesaid, or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such fugitive from service or labor, from the custody of such claimant...; or shall aid, abet, or assist such person...
		Section 8 deals with the payments to be made to various officials for their part in the arrest, custody and delivery of a fugitive to his or her claimant.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/D/1826-1850/slavery/act.htm (680 words)

	The Fugitive Slave Act - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		The Compromise of 1850 was introduced to stave off conflict between the slave states and the free states upon the admission of California as a state.
		Another part of the Compromise was the Fugitive Slave Act, which federalized the return of escaped slaves to their owners.
		Slaves, of course, had no rights - they were guilty by virtue of a slave-owner's say-so, there was very little burden of proof, the federal government bore most of the costs of returning escaped slaves, and non-slaves who helped fugitive slaves were subject to harsh fines and prison.
	www.usconstitution.net /fslave.html (329 words)

	Did you know? 2177 - LOL Facts - Web Software & Hosting
		The violence came one year after the second fugitive slave law was passed by Congress, requiring the return of all escaped slaves to their owners in the South.
		This disregard of the first fugitive slave law enraged Southern states and led to the passage of a second fugitive slave law as part of the "Compromise of 1850" between North and South.
		The second fugitive slave law called for the return of slaves "on pain of heavy penalty" but permitted a jury trial under the condition that fugitives be prohibited from testifying in their own defense.
	www.gigfoot.net /lol/facts/2177.html (364 words)

	Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
		And be it further enacted, That any agent, appointed as aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive into his custody, shall be empowered to transport him or her to the state or territory from which he or she shall have fled.
		And if any person or persons shall by force set at liberty, or rescue the fugitive from such agent while transporting, as aforesaid, the person or persons so offending shall, on conviction, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned not exceeding one year.
		Which penalty may be recovered by and for the benefit of such claimant, by the action of debt, in any court proper to try the same; saving moreover to the person claiming such labour or service, his right of action for or on account of the said injuries or either of them.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/02rights/slave02.htm (340 words)

	The Underground Railroad and (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Fugitive Slave Act was actually a series of laws that stipulated that it was illegal for any citizen to assist an escaped slave on the road to freedom.
		This act demanded that if an escaped slave was sighted, that he or she should be apprehended and turned into the authorities for deportation back to the "rightful" owner down south.
		At first authorities thought that the Fugitive Slave Act would diminish the number of slaves wanting to run away, somehow that the threat of being returned back to their owners after a slave had escaped his or her plantation, would be enough to deter a slave from escaping.
	ntap.k12.ca.us /whs/projects/history/underground.html (538 words)

	African American Odyssey: Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy (Part 2)
		This is a portrait of fugitive slave Anthony Burns, whose arrest and trial in Boston under the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 incited riots and protests by white and fl abolitionists and citizens of Boston in the spring of 1854.
		Designed to portray and compare the areas of free and slave states, it also includes tables of statistics for each of the states from the 1850 census, the results of the 1852 presidential election, congressional representation by state, and the number of slaves held by owners.
		Although the Southern states were known collectively as the "slave states" by the end of the Antebellum Period, this map provides statistical evidence to demonstrate that slaves were not evenly distributed throughout each state or the region as a whole.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3b.html (1137 words)

	Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
		The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850.
		Many abolitionists claimed that this portion of the Fugitive Slave Law served as a means to bribe the commissioners.
		A federal marshal had captured a fugitive slave and was attempting to return him to the South.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1483 (545 words)

	Return of a Fugitive Slave, 1854
		The next day the slave, hidden in a small space in the bowels of the vessel, sailed down river on a journey to a new life.
		Unfortunately for Anthony, four years earlier Congress had passed the Fugitive Slave Act as part of the Compromise of 1850 that balanced the admission of new Slave and Free States to the Union.
		Charles Steven's was a witness to the return of the fugitive slave to bondage and wrote a book describing the incident shortly after it occurred.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /fugitiveslave.htm (1844 words)

	CliffsNotes::Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass:Book Summary and Study Guide
		The freeing of slaves in the North and the opening up of new territories in the West made fugitive slaves a national issue.
		The first Fugitive Slave Act, passed by Congress in 1793, stipulated that slave owners or their agents could arrest and return escaped slaves from any territory or state, provided that proof be given to a magistrate that the apprehended fls were indeed fugitives.
		Congress passed another Fugitive Slave Act in 1850, as a concession to Southern states, in an effort to preserve the Union and because the 1793 Act was essentially ineffective.
	www.cliffsnotes.com /WileyCDA/LitNote/id-84,pageNum-52.html (502 words)

	fugitive slave laws — FactMonster.com
		fugitive slave laws, in U.S. history, the federal acts of 1793 and 1850 providing for the return between states of escaped fl slaves.
		By it “all good citizens” were “commanded to aid and assist [federal marshals and their deputies] in the prompt and efficient execution of this law,” and heavy penalties were imposed upon anyone who assisted slaves to escape from bondage.
		The actions of Northern states in nullifying the fugitive slave laws or rendering “useless any attempt to execute them” were cited (Dec. 24, 1860) by South Carolina as one cause for secession.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0819828 (549 words)

	The Fugitive Slave Case
		He denounced in terms of just severity the servile tools of the slave power, who were the hired agents and employees of the kidnapper, and held up to the scorn of the audience, the pusilanimity and hypocrisy of the Boston papers in regard to the kidnapping of Burns.
		The slave had declared that he had no wish or desire to go back, and yet the newspapers had refused to contradict the statements they had made unless they did it in their advertising columns and received pay for so doing.
		Douglas, where she rescued a slave from his hunters; and young Wisconsin, the youthful daughter of New England, can point to the hundred men of Racine, who marched to Milwaukee, and took a slave out of the hands of the kidnappers.
	www.assumption.edu /ahc/HiggFugitiveSlaveCase.html (8941 words)

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