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Topic: Fujiwara Regents

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Fujiwara family

Fujiwara no Mototsune

Fujiwara no Yoshifusa

Fujiwara no Kamatari

Fujiwara no Michinaga

Kampaku

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Nara period

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	WebMuseum: Heian Art
		The period is further divided into the early Heian and the late Heian, or Fujiwara, eras, the pivotal date being 894, the year imperial embassies to China were officially discontinued.
		The next period is named after the Fujiwara family, then the most powerful in the country, who ruled as regents for the emperor, becoming, in fact, civil dictators.
		The wooden image of Shaka, the "historic" Buddha (early 9th century), enshrined in a secondary building at the Muro-ji, is typical of the early Heian sculpture, with its ponderous body, covered by thick drapery folds carved in the hompa-shiki (rolling-wave) style, and its austere, withdrawn facial expression.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/tl/japan/heian.html (760 words)

	Ancient Japan - 3
		The original role of the sessho was to attend to affairs of state during the minority of the emperor, while the kampaku's role was to attend to state matters for the emperor even after he had come of age.
		From the 10th century and through the 11th, successive generations of the northern branch of the Fujiwara clan continued to control the nation's government by monopolizing the posts of sessho and kampaku, and the wealth that poured into their coffers enabled them to lead lives of the greatest brilliance.
		The powerful authority wielded by the Fujiwara regents was maintained by their maternal relationship to successive emperors; once such a relationship disappeared, their power was bound to weaken.
	www.crystalinks.com /japan3.html (4328 words)

	Fujiwara family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The surname passed to the descendants of Fujiwara no Fuhito (659–720), the second son and heir of Kamatari, who was prominent at the court of several emperors and empresses during the early Nara period.
		Fujiwara princes initially served as highest ministers of the imperial Court (kampaku) and regents (sesshō) for underage monarchs.
		Fujiwara no Yorinaga sided with the retired emperor in a violent battle in 1158 against the heir apparent, who was supported by the Taira and Minamoto.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fujiwara_Regents (1957 words)

	Fujiwara regent: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Fujiwara regent Fujiwara regent Fujiwara Regents (藤原) During the...history, the Fujiwara clan managed to establish a hereditary claim to the position of regent...
		Japan Fujiwara Regents Hojo Regents, regents of the Kamakura shogunate Netherlands...
		During the Nara and Heian[?] periods of Japanese history, the Fujiwara clan managed to establish a hereditary claim to the position of regent, either for an underage emperor (Sessho) or for an adult one (Kampaku).
	www.encyclopedian.com /fu/Fujiwara-regent.html (231 words)

	Regent - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the case of Finland and Hungary, military officers served as regents in the absence of a monarch, while in Iceland, the regent represented the King of Denmark as sovereign of Iceland until the country became a republic in 1944.
		Occasionally, the term regent refers to positions lower than the ruler of a country; for instance, some university managers in North America are called regents.
		Philippe II of Orléans (1715-1723), during the minority of Louis XV; often called "the Regent", since he was the last regent of France.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Regent (700 words)

	Japan, 500–1000 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		Encouraged by the imperial family and the powerful Fujiwara clan, who reign as imperial regents from the late ninth to the end of the eleventh century, literature,
		Aversion to the defilement of the deceased is the most frequently cited reason for these moves, although political considerations probably also play an important role.
		The practice of marrying their daughters to emperors and serving as regents to the resulting sons, who are frequently enthroned at a young age, forms the basis of Fujiwara influence.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/06/eaj/ht06eaj.htm (1253 words)

	A Chronology of Japanese History
		Ex-emperor Heizei (along with his his advisor Fujiwara Nakanari, his consort Kusuko, and her brother) conspires to retake the throne by returning the capital from Kyōto to Nara.
		Yōzei is forced by the regent to abdicate at the age of seventeen.
		Fujiwara Moromichi dies after being cursed by rebellious monks who had been descending from their mountain temples and causing trouble in the city until he took action to stop them.
	www.shikokuhenrotrail.com /japanhistory/heianhistory.html (3042 words)

	Abe Family (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kamatori Nakatomi Fujiwara's son was Fuhito Fujiwara, born in 659 and died 720.
		His four sons headed the four great branches of the mighty Fujiwara family, who would be highly influential in the imperial court for centuries to come.
		Yoshifusa Fujiwara (804-872), another direct Abe family ancestor, held enough power that in 850, he placed his own nine-year-old grandson on the throne as Emperor Seiwa, who reigned from 850 to 880.
	www.kcnet.com /~denis/abe/abefamly.htm (1269 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Death of Kaneie, regent to the Japanese emperor from 986 to 990
		Raymond IV of Toulouse is imprisoned by Tancred, regent of the Principality of Antioch
		Closure of the Regent Cinema (1931-) in Christchurch, Dorset
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?srchstr=regent (3686 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Michinaga (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fujiwara no Michinaga (966-1028) represents the highpoint of the Fujiwara regents' control over the government of Japan.
		Michinaga's total de facto rule over Japan can be seen from the fact that he was father to four (non-reigning) empresses, uncle to two emperors and grandfather to another three.
		Technically, he never formally took on the title of kampaku regent, but in reality his word was law even after he formally retired from public life in 1019, since he continued to direct the affairs of his son and successor, Yorimichi[?].
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/mi/Michinaga (254 words)

	Fujiwara Michinaga Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The Japanese noble Fujiwara Michinaga (966-1027) was one of the most powerful statesmen in the Heian period.
		Fujiwara Michinaga was a son of Kaneiye, a powerful member of the Fujiwara clan who, as regent, had consolidated the power of the Fujiwaras.
		Though Michinaga turned out to be the most powerful of the Fujiwara regents, his claim to the highest office was not strong on grounds of birth and court rank.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/fujiwara-michinaga (498 words)

	Fujiwara no Yoshifusa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (藤原良房, 804 - 872) was the first of the great regents from the Fujiwara clan.
		A skillful politician, he managed to set up his own grandson as the emperor Emperor Seiwa, with himself acting as regent and de facto ruler.
		He was the first regent in Japanese history who was not himself of imperial rank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fujiwara_no_Yoshifusa (98 words)

	Regent (Site not responding. Last check: )
		XVIII of France">Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, while living in exile, self-declared Regent for his nephew XVII of France">Louis XVII of France after the 1793 guillotining of XVI of France">King Louis XVI.
		IV of the United Kingdom">George IV, Prince Regent during the incapacity of his father, III of the United Kingdom">George III.
		Fain would her aunt have kept both her and her mother as her guests; suited her, and felt that Bryanston-square and Miss Ponsonby would be companions of her youth, and Miss Ponsonby could only look.
	www.termsdefined.net /re/regent.html (325 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The precarious position of the Fujiwaras, combined with their religious beliefs in the mutability of phenomena and their fascination with the transient beauty of earthly things, produced in them a sense of aimlessness and a foreboding of doom.
		In 901 A.D. Tokihira Fujiwara proposed reforms to strengthen the Taikwa institutes by stopping the granting of tax-free manors to members of the ruling class and the flight of farmers to these manors to escape government levies.
		Between the efforts of Tokihira Fujiwara and Go-Sanjo II falls the regency of Michinaga Fujiwara (995 A.D. Through the marriage of his daughters with the Emperor's family, he, as father-in-law and as grandfather, controlled three emperors and their children.
	members.cox.net /ramero/background.htm (1823 words)

	Untitled Document
		Fujiwara Kyo, Heijo Kyo (in Nara) and Heian Kyo (in Kyoto) modeled after Changan and Loyang in China.
		Fujiwara Regents 850-1050: Emperor Seiwa came to the throne at the age of 9.
		Uda also managed to name a son who was not related to the Fujiwara family as crown prince and insisted that Michizane and the Fujiwara leader share supervision.
	www.hist.umn.edu /~nagata/3461lect4.html (3573 words)

	Baker (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In early Japan, entertainment of the Shinto demi-god-emperor in ludic form by way of banqueting, poetry, music, and dance performance, in the garden may be seen in terms of what Stanley Tambiah has identified as the re-establishment of the diachronic and synchronic polity of the state.
		This paper examines events centering around the emperor in 11th-century Japan, in the gardens of Fujiwara Michinaga, that were seen as contributing to the creation and maintenance of a ritualized state, or a transcendental polity of the nation.
		Here he mediated the past, emulating the roles of Fujiwara regents like Michinaga, especially when entertaining the emperor, and established a shogunal, ritual polity of state.
	www.doaks.org /LA02Program/LA02Baker.html (460 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		Japanese statesman whose descendants formed the four houses of the Fujiwara family that dominated Japan between 857 and 1160.
		the most powerful of the Fujiwara regents, during whose reign the Imperial capital in Kyoto achieved its greatest splendour, and the Fujiwara family, which dominated...
		Japanese statesman who assumed the leadership of the Fujiwara family in 909 upon the death of his brother Tokihira.
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/f/f28.html (1640 words)

	Toba (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Due to his youth, and the declining fortunes of the Fujiwara regents, the first part of his reign was marked by the increased political involvement of abdicated sovereign Shirakawa.
		Despite the fact that Shirakawa protected the interests of Toba from the Fujiwara, the two men did not have the same sort of relationship that existed between the In and his son.
		After much difficulty finding a suitable woman to give to the Tennô, Shirakawa finally decided upon Fujiwara no Shôshi, a woman who was surrounded by "widespread rumor about her conduct" (Hurst, 1976, p 156).
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /Courses/asian490/tml5/Bios/toba.htm (522 words)

	Minamoto no Yoritomo
		Yoritomo was born a scion of one of the ancient houses.
		Yoshitomo was the heir of the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto Clan, and Saneori was a daughter of the powerful Fujiwara regents.
		However Hidehira’s son Fujiwara no Yasuhira was afraid of the retribution of Yoritomo, so he had Yoshitune killed in 1189 (In many Japanese dramas and operas Yoshitune commits seppuku).
	www.samurai-archives.com /mny.html (1836 words)

	1172 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Synod of Cashel ended the Celtic Christian system and brought them under Rome.
		Fujiwara Moroie, last of the Japanese Fujiwara Regents
		Agnes, daughter of Italian Count Amadeus III of Savoy (born 1095)
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/1172 (149 words)

	whoswho
		A faithful retainer for Fifth Regent Tokiyori Hojo (1227-1263), and known as a samurai of integrity.
		In 1244, the Regent and the Hojos suspected that he was plotting a coup against the Hojo regime.
		He was a member the Fujiwara family, the most prominent aristocrat in Kyoto, and came down to Kamakura in 1252 accompanying Prince Munetaka, who was on his way to Kamakura to take office as the Sixth Shogun.
	www.asahi-net.or.jp /~QM9T-KNDU/whoswho.htm (6906 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Fujiwara (ii) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Fujiwara clan was founded by Nakatomi no Kamatari (614–69), who had assisted Prince Naka no Oe (later Emperor Tenji, reg 661–72) in the coup of 645 that eliminated the rival Soga family.
		The Fujiwara reached the height of their power with the regent Fujiwara no Michinaga (966–1028), after whose time Fujiwara dominance at court began to decline.
		Two great legacies of the Fujiwara period and monuments to Fujiwara taste are the Hoodo (Phoenix Hall) of BYODOIN at Uji, south-east of Kyoto, and a sculpture installed within it of Amida (Skt Amitabha) by JOCHO.
	www.artnet.com /library/03/0301/T030130.asp (402 words)

	Japan Architecture: Byodoin temple, Kyoto
		This is a virtual model of Byodoin Temple constructed with Microstation J. Byodoin is one of the few surviving examples of Heian era (794-1185) architecture left in Japan.
		The Phoenix hall, shown above, was constructed in 1053 by the Fujiwara regents.
		It is all that remains of an enormous Buddhist temple of the Pure Land sect that has all but vanished.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /kyoto/BYODOIN.htm (374 words)

	Search by History
		Sessho denotes the post of imperial regent for an underage emperor and Kanpaku that for an adult emperor.
		These posts were continuously held by members of the Fujiwara Family during the 10th to 11th centuries in the Heian Period.
		The most powerful Fujiwara regents were Fujiwara no Michinaga and his son Fujiwara no Yorimichi.
	www.kiis.or.jp /rekishi/history-e.html (1103 words)

	Japanese Emperor
		While the myths are not considered historically accurate, it is a commonly accepted fact that emperors have reigned over Japan for more than 1500 years, and that they have all descended from the same imperial family.
		Despite the fact that the effective power of the emperors was limited or purely symbolic throughout most of Japan's history, all actual rulers, from the Fujiwara and Hojo regents to the Minamoto, Ashikaga and Tokugawa shoguns respected the emperor and were keen in having the imperial legitimization for their position as rulers of Japan.
		With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, and Emperor Meiji became the head of state.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2135.html (289 words)

	history
		Since the former head of the Fujiwaras had been dead, Yoshitsune was no longer able to get full support from the new Fujiwara chief, and was eventually seized and killed.
		The First Regent was Tokimasa {toh-key-mah-sah} Hojo (1138-1215), Masako's father, and second regency passed to Yoshitoki {yoh-she-toh-key} Hojo (1163-1224), Masako's bother, and from then onward, the regency was handed down to the legitimate sons of the Hojo family one after another until the last 16th Regent.
		Third Regent Yasutoki {yah-soo-toh-key} Hojo (1183-1242), son of Yoshitoki, attacked Kyoto right awa, and Retired Emperor Gotoba was forced to surrender.
	www.asahi-net.or.jp /~QM9T-KNDU/history.htm (3773 words)

	Kakuei Tanaka - a political biography of modern Japan:
		As the central government became increasingly sophisticated, the power of court nobles grew.
		Among the royal families, the Fujiwara family gained the most power and came to dominate the Imperial Council.
		The families formed military castes in the service of Fujiwara regents.
	www.rcrinc.com /tanaka/ch1-1.html (2729 words)

	Roleplaying Tips - RPG advice for roleplayers, gamemasters, all role-playing systems
		This practice was continued by the Minamoto shogun and the Hojo Regents, so that for hundreds of years Japan was to have a child as an emperor.
		Again, the intrigues and dirty shenanigans that could accompany the selection of a successor, the maintenance of a regent's power, or a monarch's attempt to regain his rightful powers, can form the basis for an exciting campaign or adventure.
		The Hojo Regents worked out a system by which Emperors were selected alternately from one family then another - but both families maintained an equal claim to the throne, the source of much conflict.
	www.roleplayingtips.com /issue128.asp (3915 words)

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