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Topic: Fulani Empire

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	Africa - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The high point of the Mali Empire was reached under Mansa (king) Musa, who conducted a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325, opened diplomatic relations with Tunis and Egypt, and brought a number of Muslim scholars and artisans to the empire; from the time of Mansa Musa onwards, Mali appeared on the maps of Europe.
		The latter empire existed in the 8th century as a loosely knit state north and east of Lake Chad.
		The new Fulani Empire was initially divided between the shehu's brother Abdullahi and his son, Muhammad Bello, but after 1817 Muhammad and his successors were the sole overlords.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761572628___24/Africa.html (6326 words)

	AFRICA - Explore the Regions - Sahel
		The Fulani are renowned for the vast herds of dairy cattle that provided the historical basis for their wealth and power.
		The glories of the Fulani empire are a recurring theme for poetry and histories, though the Fulani also have a large treasury of folklore, riddles and proverbs.
		Fulani is now written in a Roman script, though, traditionally, Arabic was used, with modifications to handle local sounds and words.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/africa/explore/sahel/print_sahel_peopleF1.html (533 words)

	Fula people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fula or Fulani is an ethnic group of people spread over many countries in West Africa, from Mauritania, Senegambia, and Guinea in the west to Cameroon and as far as Sudan in the east.
		Fulani in English is borrowed from the Hausa term.
		The Fulani are traditionally a nomadic, pastoralist people, herding cattle, goats and sheep across the vast dry hinterlands of their domain, keeping somewhat separate from the local agricultural populations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fulani (1083 words)

	History of West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The empire was founded in the eighth century by Soninke, a Mandé peoples who lived at the crossroads of this new trade, around the city of Kumbi Saleh.
		The first successor to the Ghana Empire was that of the Sosso, a Takrur people who built their empire on the ruins of the old.
		Uthman's Fulani Empire was soon one of the region's largest states, and inspired the later jihads of Massina Empire founder Seku Amadu in present-day Mali, and the cross-Sudan Toucouleur conqueror El Hadj Umar Tall.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/History_of_West_Africa (1748 words)

	Fulani - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Fulani became zealous Muslims (11th cent.), and from 1750 to 1900 they engaged in many holy wars in the name of Islam.
		The Fulani emir of Sokoto continued to rule over part of N Nigeria until the British conquest in 1903.
		The Fulani of Massina were conquered (1861) by Hajj Omar, but their resistance ultimately resulted in his death.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:fulani (382 words)

	Nigeria page
		This was the area where the empires of the Sahara margin had risen and fallen.
		They were conquered by Usuman Dan Fodio, the 18th century Fulani preacher and Muslim reformer, in the course of one of the periodical renewal missions which characterise the whole Islamic area.
		The Fulani are a curious half nomadic and half settled people who spread across the whole of Savanna West Africa.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/africa/nigeria.html (1992 words)

	Oyo - oyo instruments
		What the location of the ancient city of oyo was to become oyo plotter the Oyo empire began as the state of Oyo, which was founded sometime before 1400, with its capital at Oyo Ile, (also known as Katunga angel oyo boy or Old Oyo).
		In 1796, an Ilorin-centred revolt oyo nigeria against Awole, the then-reigning Alaafin, or chief-ruler of Oyo, was initiated oyo by Afonja, the Aare Ona Kakanfo, or chief military commander oyo freeway of the army.
		This revolt, which led to the secession of Ilorin, marked the beginning of the disintegration of the Oyo empire, camp oyo as other vassal states soon began cassava farming in oyo boy sotto oyo state to follow Ilorin's what is oyo example.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-Africa-L---P/Oyo.html (173 words)

	Problems of Nomadic Education and Education for Nomadic Fulani
		Apart from the literacy gulf between the Fulani and the non-Fulani, there is a disparity in the attainment of different types of education among the Fulani.
		Because of the non-participation of the Fulani in decision-making, a simplistic approach to educational planning is adopted.
		The Fulani now believe that sending their children to school is the key to active participation in governance, and the best way to fight for the rights denied them for so long.
	www.gamji.com /fulani7.htm (3321 words)

	Fulani Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dan Fodio was proclaimed as ruler of the new empire.
		Dan Fodio's brother Abdullahi continued to rule in the west, and this position, known as the emirate of Gwandu, was passed to his heirs but remained subordinated to Sokoto.
		The colonizers preserved the Fulani emirate system as the local rulers were given considerable autonomy by the British.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fulani_Empire (836 words)

	Fulani (people) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fulani (people), people of Africa dispersed in varying, often sizeable, concentrations throughout the grassland areas of West Africa from Senegal...
		The Tukolor people of Futa Toro in Senegal are related to the Wolof, Serur, and Fulani peoples of this region.
		At least 50 per cent of Nigeria’s people are Muslim, the bulk of whom live in the Hausa, Fulani, and Kanuri areas in the north.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Fulani_(people).html (105 words)

	webPulaaku/Sokoto/H.A.S. Johnston/The Fulani Empire of Sokoto/The Jihad in Adamawa and Bauchi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A few Fulani, it is true, passed through the Shuwas and moved on eastward into Baghirmi and Wadai 3, but far greater numbers either settled in Bornu or were diverted to the south.
		Fighting followed and the Fulani, although they repelled the attacks of Bata, were forced to withdraw to the south of the Benue River 7.
		Sometimes diplomacy was successful as it was with the Holma pagans where the daughter of the Chief was given in marriage to one of the Fulani leaders and the son of this alliance was later accepted by the tribe as their new Chief.
	www.pulaaku.net /defte/hasJohnston/ch08.html (4150 words)

	Class analysis
		It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that a Fulani Muslim scholar decided to launch a jihad on the people, accusing them of being “pagans” or, in the case of the rulers, of not practicing Islam in the true sense of the word.
		The political and economic dominance of the new Muslim Fulani was however interrupted by the coming on to the scene of the British colonialists.
		This unholy alliance of the fendal Fulani and nouveau-rich Haus came to be known as the Muslim Hausa Fulani.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/may02/sharia.html (1575 words)

	Songo - RMV
		After the fall of the Empire of Mali small, rivalling power centres occupied the political landscape in the 16th and 17th centuries, causing political unrest in the form of wars and slave raiding.
		In 1818 the Fulani Empire of Macina was founded by Sheikh Sékou Ahmadou, an important Islamic leader, whose aim was the full conversion to Islam of the inhabitants of his empire.
		The Fulani fled towards Timbuktu and the Seno plain and attacked the Toucouleur repeatedly until 1880, causing unrest in the Dogon area.
	www.rmv.nl /publicaties/10Songo/e/3f.html (715 words)

	Winne.com - Report on Nigeria, Time for new expectations
		The earliest occupants of Nigeria settled in the forest belt and in the Niger Delta region.
		The empire lated for 1,000 years despite challenges from the Hausa-Fulani in the west and Jukun from the south.
		Because of these conflicts, the Fulanis, led by Usman Dan Fodio in 1804, successfully challenged the Hausa States and set up the Hausa-Fulani Caliphate with the headquarters in Sokoto, commanding a broad area from Katsina in the far north to Ilorin, across the River Niger.
	www.winne.com /nigeria3/bf02.html (1009 words)

	People & Tribes of Timbuktu, Mali
		The Tuareg, Fulani, Arabs and Songhai are the main groups that shaped the history of Timbuktu.
		In the 18th century, the famous fulani scholar and warrior Uthman Dan Fudio founded the Sokoto caliphate in northern Nigeria.
		According to the manuscript number 43 of Ahmed Baba Center in Timbuktu, the fulani trace their lineage back to the Koraysh of Mecca through Oqba ibn Yasir who married a fulani princess of Futa Toro by the name of Madeumaa.
	www.timbuktufoundation.org /people.html (594 words)

	Mythinglinks/AFRICA/Sub-Sahara: Hausa & Fulani Peoples of Niger, Nigeria, Mali
		The history of the area is intricately tied to Islam and the Fulani who wrested political power from the Hausa in the early 1800s through a series of holy wars.
		It was not until the early 1800s that the Fulani began to put pressure on the Hausa to undergo large scale conversion.
		Fulani religion is largely, if not wholly, Islamic....It is usually the case that the wealthy and powerful are among the most religious, while those who have fewer resources are less likely to observe their religion so strictly....
	www.mythinglinks.org /afr~subsahara~HausaFulani.html (1910 words)

	ICE Conflict Case NIGER
		The Fulani, also called Peul or Fulbe, are a primarily Muslim people found in many parts of West Africa, from Lake Chad to the Atlantic coast, with concentrations in Nigeria, Mali, Guinea, Cameroon, Senegal, and Niger.
		The typical Fulani are nomads, but after many years of integration with other cultures, and the depletion of their herds to environmental conditions, they rely on farming for livelihood.
		According to the broadcast, Zarma villagers attacked a Fulani camp, seeking revenge for the death of a Zarma in a fight with Fulani herders earlier in the day.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/niger.htm (1891 words)

	Fula - Ethnos - Books about the Fula People
		The Fulani were traditionally a nomadic, pastoral community, herding cattle, goats and sheep across the vast dry hinterlands of their domain, keeping somewhat separate from the local agricultural populations.
		Fulani strength was centered on powerful cavalry that could quickly move across the large empire and defeat rivals.
		During the 19th century under Usman dan Fodio the Fulani became the leaders of a centralized Fulani Empire.
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Fula.htm (376 words)

	Empirepage.com - Guest Editorials
		Back in 1988, when Dr. Fulani was running for President as an independent, the Democratic National Committee's largest donor -- a commodities exchange broker from Chicago -- funded an outfit called Political Research Associates to produce a "research report" on her.
		Fulani is not a cultist, nor an anti-Semite, and -- for the record - not a Stalinist.
		He and Fulani haven't exactly gotten along, but they've carved out a "peaceful co-existence." George Pataki is courting the Independence Party for its crucial Column C in next year's gubernatorial race and appeared at a Manhattan Independence fundraiser in August with party leaders, including Fulani.
	www.empirepage.com /guesteds/guesteds84.html (662 words)

	Western Resistance: Nigeria: Cleric Of Violent Muslim Sect Is Sentenced To Hang
		The Fulani, who had lived a nomadic lifestyle, migrating between Senegal, Cameroon, northern Nigeria and the southern Sahara since at least 1200 AD, became further united as a people as a result of this jihad.
		Non-Muslim Fulani tribes converted to Islam as this Fulani "empire" developed and many developed a settled lifestyle.
		The Fulani empire was finally dissolved in 1903 as a result of British colonial activities.
	www.westernresistance.com /blog/archives/003179.html (1135 words)

	Fulfulde Language Family Report
		Historically these were areas of Fulani political dominance at some point; today they are part of modern West African nations where there are large Fulani populations.
		These are also the areas where the Fulani and their language are well documented resulting in a significant body of literature both about the Fulani, their language and providing educational materials for literacy programs.
		In countries such as Burkina Faso, Benin, and Niger, the Fulani and their language have also been well documented, but in comparison the quantity of information and the body of literature available is not nearly as significant as in the first group.
	www.sil.org /silesr/2003/silesr2003-009.htm (2222 words)

	Excite - Travel Guide - History & Culture
		Northern Cameroon, by contrast, was a battleground for various empires, notably the Kanem-Bornu in Chad.
		When the Germans arrived in the late 19th century, 'feudal' northern Cameroon was under the control of the Fulani empire in Sokoto (Nigeria).
		The Kirdi are comprised of tribes driven by the Fulani into the inhospitable and isolated rocky areas near the Nigerian border.
	www1.excite.com /travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,africa-365,00.html (1335 words)

	Fulani People
		The height of the Fulani empire was between the early 1800s and early 1900s.
		Although there are varying degrees of orthodoxy exhibited throughout Fulani society, most adhere to at least some of the basic requirements of the religion.
		It was not unusual that such political and economic gains would be made for the Fulani empire in the name of Islam.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Fulani.html (431 words)

	chickengov.
		They invited him to wine and dine with them in their den of evil where all the injustices and oppressive policies against Ndi Igbo and Biafrans are hatched.
		This way when the Evil Empire uses him, it will be operating from with in Igbo leadership caucus and not from outside.
		To the consternation of the Hausa/Fulani Evil Empire, and the shame of the Judases in Ala Igbo and other parts of Biafra, these Biafrans are not induced by material wealth.
	www.biafraland.com /Kaluudenwa.htm (1629 words)

	Fulani - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Fulani, people of Africa numbering about 13 million and dispersed in varying, often sizable, concentrations throughout the grassland areas of West...
		The Kanuri eventually returned to Chad and conquered the empire lost by the Saifawas.
		Its dominance thus assured, Bornu became a flourishing center...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Fulani.html (99 words)

	Wodaabe People
		Fulani are a nomadic people who have been influential in regional politics, economics, and histories throughout western Africa for over a thousand years.
		Following the early success of Islamic warriors, non-Islamic Fulani joined ranks with their fellows to form an extensive and powerful empire.
		In order to gain political office a Fulani man would have to compete among his fellows for the right to rule.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Wodaabe.html (469 words)

	West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This state was founded by refugee Hausa, expelled from Daura by the Fulani in 1805.
		It was absorbed into the British Empire at around the turn of the 20th century, but it's hereditary leaders continue to be recognized by their people as their sovereigns.
		It was the base of a Jihad state in the 19th century, influenced by although not directly under the authority of the Fulani hegemony.
	www.hostkingdom.net /westafr.html (2264 words)

	Fulani — Infoplease.com
		The Fulani of Massina were conquered (1861) by
		Fulani on the move: seasonal economic migration in the Sahel as a social process.(study examines migration and the social and economic......
		The FCC has denied third-party presidential candidate Lenora Fulani's equal time claim against ABC.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0819850.html (345 words)

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