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Topic: Fulani Empire of Sokoto

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	Fulani Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fulani Empire was one of the most powerful states in sub-Saharan Africa in the years prior to European colonization.
		The Fulani were mostly Muslims, as were the rulers of most of the states in the region.
		Since Fulani strength was centered on powerful cavalry they could not expand very far southwards, however, as the horses were ineffective in the forests of the region and could not withstand the diseases of those latitudes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fulani_Empire (831 words)

	History of Niger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Long before the arrival of French influence and control in the area, Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai Empire, Mali Empire, Gao, and Kanem-Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		During recent centuries, the nomadic Tuareg formed large confederations, pushed southward, and, siding with various Hausa states, clashed with the Fulani Empire of Sokoto, which had gained control of much of the Hausa territory in the late 18th century.
		In the 19th century, contact with the West began when the first European explorers--notably Mungo Park (British) and Heinrich Barth (German)--explored the area searching for the mouth of the Niger River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Niger (1253 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		The Fulani became zealous Muslims (11th cent.), and from 1750 to 1900 they engaged in many holy wars in the name of Islam.
		The Fulani emir of Sokoto continued to rule over part of N Nigeria until the British conquest in 1903.
		The Fulani of Massina were conquered (1861) by Hajj Omar, but their resistance ultimately resulted in his death.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Fulani (195 words)

	Usman dan Fodio - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Dan Fodio was one of a class of urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa city-states in what is today northern Nigeria.
		This uprising was largely composed of the Fulani, who held a powerful military advantage with their cavalry.
		After only a few short years of the Fulani War, dan Fodio found himself in command of the largest state in Africa, the Fulani Empire.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Usman_dan_Fodio (461 words)

	Excite - Travel Guide - History & Culture
		Northern Cameroon, by contrast, was a battleground for various empires, notably the Kanem-Bornu in Chad.
		When the Germans arrived in the late 19th century, 'feudal' northern Cameroon was under the control of the Fulani empire in Sokoto (Nigeria).
		The Kirdi are comprised of tribes driven by the Fulani into the inhospitable and isolated rocky areas near the Nigerian border.
	www1.excite.com /travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,Africa-365,00.html (1335 words)

	Fulani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		A quarrel developed, Uthman was proclaimed 'commander of the faithful', and in the ensuing jihad (holy war) all the Hausa states collapsed.
		Bello had built the city of Sokoto, of which he became the sultan, and he considerably extended the empire, establishing control of west Bornu and pushing down into the Yoruba Empire of Oyo.
		Kano and Sokoto were sacked in 1903, when the empire ended, although the emirates survived under the system of indirect rule instituted by the first High Commissioner, Frederick Lugard.
	www.ijebu.org /fulani (238 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sokoto
		The FULANI, pastoral nomads hitherto oppressed, followed his call, and in a number of campaigns he brought the interior of modern Nigeria under his control; the ADAMAWA emirate in modern norrthern Cameroon was part of his Empire, founded by one of his commanders.
		In 1811, Usman dan Fodio's Empire was split in 3 parts, MUHAMMAD BELLO inheriting the eastern emirates.
		In the 1880es, the area of Sokoto is given as c.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/westafrica/sokoto.html (368 words)

	Amana Online
		The seat of the Empire, which the Fulani created in the nineteenth century, was Hausaland.
		To understand their achievement it is therefore first necessary to survey the geography of that country and to review briefly the origins and history of its inhabitants.
		Sultan Muhammadu Bello, Infaku'l Maisuri (Inf M), translated or paraphrased and edited by E. Arnett in The Rise of the Sokoto Fulani, Kano, 1912, p.
	www.amanaonline.com /Sokoto/sokoto_1.htm (6528 words)

	Fulani
		The Fulani of Massina were conquered (1861) by
		What you don't know about Lenora Fulani could hurt you: Coming Soon to a Presidential Campaign Near You.
		Fulani on the move: seasonal economic migration in the Sahel as a social process.(study examines migration and the social and economic......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0819850.html (347 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Fulani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Fulani, Perot Pact Spurs Talk About 'Red-Brown Coalition'
		The Leftists in the Center; Reform Party's Fulani, Newman Rise to Prominence By Supporting Buchanan's Bid
		Fulani Reaches Out To Jews; But political activist's 'bridge building' ad does not impress organizational leaders.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f/fulani.asp (367 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Adamawa
		One of his commanders, MODIBBO ADAMA, expanded Sokoto rule eastward, establishing the Emirate which came to be known as ADAMAWA, with the capital at Gurin, in 1830 moved to Ribadu, in 1839 to Jobolio and in 1841 to YOLA.
		The Adamawa Fulani were zealous Muslims, like the Sokoto Fulani centered on walled towns and trying to rule over the surrounding peoples whom they often raided in order to acquire slaves; the last independent Emir, Zubeiru, was an active slave raider.
		The larger part of their territory, now located in German Kamerun was lost to their influence, only a part of it being granted to Britain by the League of Nations in 1922 as a part of the mandate of British Cameroons.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centrafrica/adamawa.html (450 words)

	Biography of Uthman don Fodio \| Life of Uthman don Fodio
		One of the principal reformers of Islam in Hausaland in Northern Nigeria, he founded an Islamic empire at the beginning of the 19th century.Uthman don Fodio whose complete name was Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Fudi, was commonly known simply as Shehu, the Hausa word for sheikh.
		He was born in the Hausa state of Gobir, the son of a pious Fulani member of the Qadiriyya Moslem brotherhood.
		Further Reading Extensive information on Uthman don Fodio is in H. Johnston, The Fulani Empire of Sokoto (1967), and in Murray Last, The Sokoto Caliphate (1967).
	www.essayboom.com /biographies/Uthman_don_Fodio-34393.html (316 words)

	Fulani - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Lenora Fulani, former presidential candidate of the now defunct...
		Granting of Land to Fulani Herdsmen Agogo, Aug 07, 2006 (Ghanaian...
		New York Amsterdam News 06-17-1998 Fulani steps in, independentlyIf Dr. Lenora Fulani decided to run for president, she probably would be a shoo-in as an independent candidate.
	www.highbeam.com /ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:Fulani (479 words)

	Islam in Africa-Niger history
		Considerable evidence indicates that about 600,000 years ago, humans inhabited what has since become the desolate Sahara of northern Niger.
		Long before the arrival of French influence and control in the area, Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		In the 19th century, contact with the West began when the first European explorers -- notably Mungo Park (British) and Heinrich Barth (German) -- explored the area searching for the mouth of the Niger River.
	www.islaminafrica.org /niger-h.htm (508 words)

	kings of africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		According to "news watch", a large daily Nigerian newspaper, the power of the Sultan of Sokoto is such, that most of the Nigerians questioned would rather be Sultan than President of Nigeria.
		But with this income, the Sultan had to support his suite of eighty-six people, and feed one hundred and fifty grand children.
		He is a successor to "Shehu" Ousman Dan Fodio, the founder of the Fulani Empire of Sokoto, legendary in all of west Africa.
	www.tamarin.com /king/kinge6.html (173 words)

	Fula Definition / Fula Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroons merged in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon which in 1972 was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon; since 1984 the country is known as the Republic of Cameroon or République du Cameroun (its official languages are English and French).
		A closely related group is the TukolorTakrur was one of the minor Iron Age states of West Africa, which flourished roughly parallel to the Kingdom of Ghana.
		(a family of languages of the Fulani people of West Africa and used as a lingua franca in the sub-Saharan regions from Senegal to Chad; the best known of the West African languages)
	www.elresearch.com /Fula (339 words)

	MapZones.com : Niger History
		Considerable demonstrate suggests that about 600,000 years ago, humans colonised what has since become the desolate Sahara of northern Niger.
		Long before the reached of French determine and control in the area, Niger was an valuable economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		In the culmination of an initiative started under the 1991 national conference, the government signed peace accords in April 1995 with all Tuareg and Toubou groups that had been in rebellion since 1990, claiming they deficiencyed attention and resources from the central government.
	www.mapzones.com /world/africa/niger/historyindex.php (276 words)

	Michael Jackson's Area: Niger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem-Bornu Empire, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		During recent centuries, the nomadic Tuareg formed large confederations, pushed southward, and, siding with various Hausa people states, clashed with the Fulani Empire of Sokoto, which had gained control of much of the Hausa territory in the late 18th century.
		In the 19th century, contact with the West began when the first European explorers—notably Mungo Park (explorer) (British) and Heinrich Barth (German)—explored the area, searching for the source of the Niger River.
	out-make.info /en/Niger (4166 words)

	Todays Poem from Sokoto ( Nigeria ) . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Here is the list of Poems from Sokoto (Nigeria) posted Today on various topics.
		(3 -) Concerning brave captains;: Being a history of the British occupation of Kano and Sokoto and of the last stand of the Fulani forces, Buy / More Details.
		(6 -) War on the savannah: The military collapse of the Sokoto Caliphate under the invasion of the British Empire, 1897-1903 (Annales Academiµ Scientiarum Fennicµ.
	softtanks.com /Todays_Poems.php?Topic=cont3:+Africa:+Nigeria:+Sokoto: (343 words)

	Find in a Library: The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
		Find in a Library: The Fulani Empire of Sokoto
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/97503e0143ee2f8f.html (44 words)

	Tire Tracks
		During recent centuries, the nomadic Tuareg formed large confederations, pushed southward, and, siding with various Hausa states, clashed with the Fulani Empire of Sokoto.
		Fulani Empire of Sokoto gained control of much of the Hausa territory in the late 18th century.
		Although French efforts at pacification began before 1900, dissident ethnic groups, especially the desert Tuareg, were not subdued until now, when Niger became a French colony.
	www.tiretracks.org /niger_info.php (3994 words)

	Arewa-online
		The first ha~e ruler of Kano was Bagauda, who ruled for about 66 years, was the son of Bawo and grandson of Bayajidda.
		Click here to buy Ahmadu Bello : Sardauna of Sokoto : Values and Leadership in Nigeria at Amazon.com
		Reaching Out Companion to the seven-part PBS series focused on building bridges between people of different races.
	www.arewa-online.com /states.html (277 words)

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