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Topic: Fulfulde language

	Fulfulde
		is the language of the Fulani people of Africa numbering about 7 million and dispersed in varying, often sizable, concentrations throughout the grassland areas of West Africa from Senegal and Guinea to Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad.
		Their Fulfulde language is closely related to the languages of Senegal, suggesting the possibility that their ancestors migrated from the Middle East through North Africa to Senegal.
		Fulfulde is classified as being a member of the West Atlantic group of Sudanic languages.
	www.flw.com /languages/fulfulde.htm (103 words)

	Fulfulde Language Family Report
		This latest effort at mapping the Fulfulde dialect continuum draws on these maps, library research, maps and database information from the Ethnologue, and data from field linguists working in most countries where Fulfulde is spoken.
		The ideal map of the Fulfulde continuum would be multidimensional, depicting more layers of “linguistic sociology” and “cultural-linguistic affinity” as well as the traditional map of “linguistic geography,” allowing for the reality that in most locations parallel dialects of Fulfulde are spoken.
		Several Fulfulde dialect areas on the continuum have names, locations, and general definitions that are more or less generally agreed upon by linguists, anthropologists, and others.
	www.sil.org /silesr/2003/silesr2003-009.htm (2222 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:fub (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Adamawa Fulani, Peul, Peulh, Ful, Fula, Fulbe, Boulbe, Eastern Fulani, Fulfulde, Foulfoulde, Pullo, Gapelta, Pelta Hay, Domona, Pladina, Palata, Paldida, Paldena, Dzemay, Zemay, Zaakosa, Pule, Taareyo, Sanyo, Biira
		Maroua, Garoua, Ngaondéré, Kambariire, Nomadic Fulfulde, Bilkire Fulani (Bilkiri).
		Maroua, Garoua, Ngaoundéré, Kambariire, Nomadic Fulfulde, Bilkire Fulani (Bilkiri).
	www.ethnologue.com.cob-web.org:8888 /show_language.asp?code=fub (273 words)

	Fulfulde Language Family Report (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fulfulde is a language of the Niger-Congo family, in the West Atlantic branch.
		Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.
		Oxford C.P. Taylor, F. A grammar of the Adamawa dialect of the Fulani language.
	www.sil.org.cob-web.org:8888 /silesr/2003/silesr2003-009.htm (2222 words)

	The Niger-Congo Language Family
		Determining the number of languages in this family is complicated by the fact that it is often difficult to decide, in the absence of written historical records, whether two language varieties are two dialects of the same language or two separate languages.
		The Niger-Congo language family is usually divided several major branches that are estimated to have split from the ancestral language some 5,000 years ago.
		All nouns in Niger-Congo languages are assigned to classes on the basis of their singular and plural forms that are marked by one prefix or suffix in the singular and another in the plural.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/september/niger.html (1183 words)

	Friday Discourse
		Fulfulde, the language of the Fula, is fast disappearing due to three principal factors that we will now consider individually.
		Language is a creation of God, to serve the purpose of speech, identification and understanding among the human family.
		I am yet to be invited by any of our universities offering fulfulde to deliver a lecture or recite a poem in the language; or by an association calling itself kaural fulbe, holding a week of campaign for the understanding of their heritage and its contribution to the society.
	www.gamji.com /tilde/NEWS1092.htm (2639 words)

	Fula language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fula language is a language of West Africa, spoken by the Fulɓe (Fula or Fulani people) from Senegambia and Guinea to Cameroon and Sudan.
		It is also spoken as the first language by the Tukulor in the Senegal River Valley and as a second language by peoples in other areas.
		Pular is an official regional language in Guinea, and many speakers are monolingual.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fula_language (533 words)

	African Lanugages - Akan,
		Amharic is an Ethio-Semitic language of South Semitic (Bender 1976) spoken in the central highlands of Ethiopia.
		Fulfulde belongs to the northern branch of West Atlantic and is spoken throughout West Africa.
		Each country where it is an official language has (1) a government office responsible for adult literacy in Fulfulde and (2) a section in the Department of Education responsible for introducing national languages into the school system and radio broadcasts in Fulfulde (Fagerberg-Diallo, personal communication, 1985).
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language2.htm (613 words)

	Fulfulde - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Fulfulde, language spoken across a wide range of West African countries, from Senegal on the Atlantic seaboard to Sudan in the east.
		They speak a set of nine closely related languages that developed from one language called Fulani (or Fulfulde in their language).
		French is the official language (9,000 first-language speakers) but African languages are normally spoken.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Fulfulde.html (81 words)

	Name: Al-Amin Abu Manga Mohamed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Language and Ethnic Identity in the Middle East and North Africa, Univeristy of Edinburgh (UK), 1995.
		Language Conference in the Sudan (Language situation in the Sudan), Inst.
		Now one of my M.A. students is conducting a similar reseach in the same residential area to examine the sociolinguistic changes which have occurred in the span of 10 years, after the area had been planned and plots had been distributed to the inhabitants.
	www.uofk.edu /institutes/african/cvs/abumanga.html (2945 words)

	Book: Survival in the Sahel
		Their languages, Bamanakan and Maninkakan, are closely related dialects spoken by about 50 percent of the country's approximately 8.6 million inhabitants.
		Songhai, a language unrelated to any other in sub-Saharan Africa, is the major language in the northeastern part of the country, from Lake Débo to Gao, and in the Republic of Niger.
		Their language, Fulfulde, is related to Wolof and Tukulor, which are widely spoken in Senegal.
	www.isnar.cgiar.org /publications/books/sahel/english/chap2-1.htm (1415 words)

	Fulfulde language resources (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fulfulde is spoken on a daily basis in: Central African Republic, Burkina faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
		Fulfulde (Fula) 1.55 fi - Suomi (Finnish) 1.56 fiu-vro - VÃµro (VÃµro) 1.57 fj - Vosa vaka-Viti (Fijian) 1...
		Fulfulde (ff) - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 Galician (gl) 2215 3026 3391 3806 4217 5028 5787 6370 7244 8139 8660 9621 10376 Georgian...
	www.mongabay.com.cob-web.org:8888 /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Fulfulde.html (1238 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:fuh
		The Fulbe from Senegal to Sudan consider themselves to be one ethnic group and to speak one language, while acknowledging differences in speech.
		The Fulbe call their language 'Fulfulde' and the people 'Fulbe' (pl.), 'Pullo' (sing.).
		The use of proper nouns as an index of group identity in Fulfulde personal narratives.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=fuh (188 words)

	Overview
		The Education Section of the Jamtan Website is devoted to the introduction of the Fulfulde language.
		While the Fulfulde is not an official language in all countries with a strong Fulani presence, it plays an important role in the identity of the Fulani people.
		French is a language of use, practical, utilitarian, functional tool giving access to the modern world, whereas Pulaar (Fulfulde) is a language of life, a reflection of the Fulani peoples' human condition of today and yesterday, the most irreducible means of expressing one's cultural identity.
	www.jamtan.com /jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=8 (393 words)

	Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 45, no. 3
		Several languages in at least three different subgroups of Tupí-Guaraní have terms for a widespread nondomesticated species of cacao as well as for domesticated cacao that are superficially similar to reconstructed Mesoamerican terms for domesticated cacao.
		It is shown that the language shift affects the function not only of the shifting language, but also of the target language, as Fulfulde has intruded into more domains of life and functions among the different ethnic groups in the study area.
		While economic, social, political, religious, and contextual factors are identified as some of the causes for the shift, language spread, language endangerment or language decline, additive bilingualism, and code-switching are found to be some of the sociolinguistic implications of the shift.
	www.indiana.edu /~anthling/v45-3.html (736 words)

	webPulaaku/Ethnography/D.J. Stenning/Wodhaabhe Pastoral Fulani/Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In part, this has been due to several distinctive features of the language such as noun classes and initial consonant alternation 4 which were considered anomalous in relation to the other languages of the Western Sudan.
		Fulfulde is currently classified as belonging to the West Atlantic group of Sudanic languages (Greenberg, 1949; Westermann and Bryan, 1952).
		It cries and is comforted by its brother in an incomprehensible language which the mother overhears on her return.
	www.pulaaku.net /defte/djStenning/introduction.html (9204 words)

	languagehat.com
		Languages I have studied and could recover but which are not actively available at the moment: Georgian, Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), Swahili
		For those who are familiar with a given language and might be curious, I will identify some of the major dictionaries thus: Serbo-Croatian D (Benson).
		But he's writing about language, and his only claim to your attention is the idea that he knows more about it than you do.
	www.languagehat.com /languages.php (2027 words)

	Terralingua -- Organizations Working on Linguistic Diversity Issues: Africa
		They publish books in Senegalese languages (90% of their work is in the Pulaar/Fulfulde language), and provide training to local groups of new literates who wish to use our books in locally organized classes.
		The Tamazight language and culture are not recognized in all North African countries, such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Tamazight has never been taught in the schools of these countries.
		is a language, technology and development initiative www.bisharat.net encouraging language maintenance and revitalization by using languages in information and communication technologies (I.C.Ts.) for rural development.
	www.terralingua.org /OrgsAfrica.html (739 words)

	SIKWA: summary
		African languages, probably more than 2000, are classified as members of one of the four phyla, which show extreme differences in their grammatical structure.
		The close vicinity of typologically and genetically different languages in the Sahel region is of particular interest for the study of linguistic innovation and conceptual change.
		Malinke has been the language of the kingdom of Mali, Fulfulde the language of different empires in Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Nigeria and Cameroon, Hausa is the language of the Hausa emirates in northern Nigeria and Kanuri the dominant language in the realm of Kanem-Borno.
	www.univie.ac.at /sikwa/english.htm (815 words)

	FULFULDE: Western language
		See what people groups speak this language from the Joshua Project.
		See also the alphabetical language list and full country list.
		Another reference on countries, languages and people groups is Peoplegroups.org.
	globalrecordings.net /language/1792 (116 words)

	Language
		The Sukur themselves are quite clear that their language is more similar to those of the Higi (kamwe) and Kapsiki (psikye) than to any others, which would suggest that it be classified (according to the Blench 2003 terminology) as a member of the Central branch/Bura-Higi major group/Higi group of languages.
		Although ND was once competent in Fulfulde, neither he nor the vast majority of respondents had the mastery required to use Fulfulde as the vehicular language of fieldwork.
		Judy and I decided that we should thank the village in their own language and wrote draft speeches in English which were translated into Sakun by a committee of John, Philip and ND.
	www.sukur.info /Lang/langindex.htm (1622 words)

	Nigeria - Fulani People of Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Synopsis: The Fulani people are recognized throughout Africa and many parts of the world for their rich and complex traditions, from intricate, colorful marriage blankets to heavy, golden hoop earrings.
		The Fulani language, like the people, is also known for its sophistication.
		Fulani is one of the principal languages spoken in West Africa, spreading from Guinea down the African coast to Cameroon.
	www.onlinenigeria.com /fulani.asp (391 words)

	The Globalist \| Global Development -- Moving Into Burkina Faso
		We were to go through an 11-week training period, a time which was divided between a hub town called Gourcy, where we all lived together, and various satellite villages where we lived in groups of three to six volunteers.
		However, the main ethnic group in my village is Peulh — and their language is Fulfuldé, a language I had only studied for a few weeks before coming.
		I felt like I didn’t know the language, I certainly didn’t know anyone in the village — and I still wasn’t sure just how I was expected to either empower or educate the girls.
	www.theglobalist.com /dbweb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=5143 (1583 words)

	webPulaaku/Defte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Vestiges of Portuguese in the languages of Sierra Leone.
		Fulfulde tales of North Cameroon / [compiled by] Paul Kazuhisa Eguchi.
		Studies in Fulfulde language, literature, and culture.1991 Kano : Centre for Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University.
	www.pulaaku.net /defte/index.html (4457 words)

	Fulani language and culture
		FROM WIKIPEDIA The Fula language is a language of West Africa, spoken by the Fula people from Senegal to Cameroon and Sudan.
		Pulaar, Fulfulde Neighboring Peoples: Types of Art: Fulani are a nomadic peoples who have been influential in regional politics, economics, and histories throughout western Africa for over a thousand years.
		The West African Savannah, with its colourful history, is also the home of the Fulani, who were all herders until the fifteenth century and gradually moved with their cattle from Senegal to Chad, spreading across the region to acquire new pasturelands.
	www.lonweb.org /link-fulani.htm (1512 words)

	FULA (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Fulani, Peul) Language Page - Handbook of African Language Resources (ASC)(MSU)
		Fula belongs to the northern branch of West Atlantic and is spoken throughout West Africa.
		Fula is an officially recognized national language in the following countries: Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and Gambia.
		Each country where it is an official language has (1) a government office responsible for adult literacy in Fula and (2) a section in the Department of Education responsible for introducing national languages into the school system and radio broadcasts in Fula (Fagerberg-Diallo, personal communication, 1985).
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/Fula_root.htm (403 words)

	Fulfulde Bibles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fulfulde is one of the languages of Africa.
		The Unbound Bible can display the Fulfulde (Ajamiya) Bible in parallel with English and other languages.
		Fulfulde (Cameroon) or Fulfulde (Adamawa) New Testament on audio cassette from Faith Comes By Hearing:
	www.ethnicharvest.org /bibles/fulfulde.htm (117 words)

	SILESR Language Index
		Language Use in the Epena District of Northern Congo
		Rapid Appraisal Sociolinguistic Survey among the NGEMBA Cluster of Languages: Mankon, Bambili, Nkwen, Pinyin, and Awing.
		Sociolinguistic Language Survey of Ngwe: Fontem, Alou, and Wabane Subdivisions; Lebialem Division; South West Province.
	www.sil.org /silesr/indexes/languages.asp (3081 words)

	yourDictionary.com.Comprehensive and Authoritative Language Portal
		There are 6,800 known languages spoken in the 200 countries of the world.
		New languages and dictionaries are constantly being added to yourDictionary.com; as a result, we have the widest and deepest set of dictionaries, grammars, and other language resources on the web.
		If you cannot find the language resources you want on line, yourDictionary now offers 25,000 language resources on tape, video, CD ROM, and in traditional book form for children and adults in cooperation with WorldLanguage.
	www.yourdictionary.com /languages.html (215 words)

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