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	Full cost accounting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Full cost accounting (FCA) generally refers to the process of collecting and presenting information (costs as well as advantages) for each proposed alternative when a decision is necessary.
		Costs and advantages may be considered in terms of environmental, economical and social impacts.
		The cost of the truck must be allocated over a period of time because every year of its use contributes to the depreciation of the truck's value.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Full_cost_accounting (1021 words)

	Full Cost Accounting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Full Cost Accounting is a systematic approach for identifying, summing, and reporting the actual costs of solid waste management, taking into account past and future outlays, oversight and support services (overhead) costs, and operating costs.
		FCA uses accrual basis accounting to account for cash outlays as services are provided, regardless of when the cash outlay is made.
		Costs associated with past outlays, such as the acquisition of vehicles, equipment, or facilities, are included in the annual operating costs of a program or facility.
	www.wasteplan.org /WebHelp/Calculations/Full_Cost_Accounting.htm (454 words)

	full cost accounting, government, public sector, services, infrastructure, maintenance, public assets, Deloitte, Canada ...
		Full cost accounting is a method of pricing infrastructure and services to reflect all lifecycle costs, including variable operating and capital replacement costs. Unless such costs are built into infrastructure budgets, necessary maintenance and upgrading can be easily deferred.
		Once full cost accounting unmasks all the expenses associated with building, maintaining and replacing public infrastructure, governments need to consider the best way to pay for it. User charges are heralded by many as a means of funding infrastructure as well as boosting revenues, reducing deficits or lowering taxes.
		Full cost accounting and user charges bring a number of implementation challenges. For example, determining the marginal costs for the many services that vary by season, time of day and geographical region is a complex exercise.
	www.deloitte.com /dtt/newsletter/0,2307,sid=3666&cid=47401,00.html (1317 words)

	PCDForum Column #56 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The problem with the current discussion of full cost accounting is that it is too limited to market-oriented financial tinkering and seeks to convey an impression that such tinkering is a substitute for regulation.
		It is important that those who advocate full cost pricing face up to the fact that their solutions are a form of governmental intervention, not a substitute for it.
		Full cost accounting should be viewed only as one tool among the variety of essential regulatory mechanisms for reorienting market choices to the larger community interest.
	www.pcdf.org /1993/56dawkin.htm (780 words)

	Full Cost Accounting from an Environmental Perspective – Exectutive Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		GAAP-based accounting and reporting has inherent limitations because it is, by design, entity centred; it depends on existing legal and market-place concepts of transactions, ownership and obligations; and it has a past, not future, orientation to transaction recognition in general and to cost determination in particular.
		Two approaches identified are the "cost of control approach," which uses the cost of installing and operating environmental impact control technologies as a proxy for the dollar value of actual environmental damage, and the "damage function approach" which uses site-specific data and modelling techniques.
		It is, however, acknowledged that full cost accounting information may assist decision makers in deciding on the actions needed in order to achieve an entity's objectives regarding environmental performance and stewardship.
	www.cica.ca /index.cfm/ci_id/1061/la_id/1.htm (520 words)

	[No title]
		A full cost accounting approach was used for the cost analysis in each of the six case studies.
		They are able to set rates that accurately reflect the full costs of providing services, improve their level of reporting to management through the use of enterprise funds, and operate these funds on a self-sustaining basis.
		By determining its full costs, it was able to set a flat and a variable rate to ensure that sufficient funding would be generated to cover the costs of MSW services.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps2253/rguide.txt (5836 words)

	Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 106: application of FASB Statement No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement ...
		in calculating the full cost ceiling a company reduced the expected future revenues from proved oil and gas reserves by the estimated future expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing such reserves discounted using a factor specified in the rule.
		This disclosure is expected to address each area of accounting that is impacted or expected to be impacted and should specifically address each way that the company's application of full cost accounting has changed as a result of adoption of Statement 143.
		If an obligation for expected asset retirement costs has not been accrued under Statement 143 for certain asset retirement costs required to be included in the full cost ceiling calculation under Rule 4-10(c)(4), such costs should continue to be included in the full cost ceiling calculation.
	www.sec.gov /interps/account/sab106.htm (1135 words)

	Landfill Full Cost Accounting Guide for New Zealand - 4 Landfill Full Cost Accounting [Ministry for the Environment]
		Full cost accounting (FCA) encompasses the capital and operating costs that will be incurred over the life of a landfill, which have to be recovered and on which a return is required.
		FCA is a dynamic process that needs to be able to respond to changes over the lifetime of a landfill project.
		The model does not provide costs, or cost estimates, for the various components of landfill development, operation or aftercare because these will be site-specific and are likely to vary in different parts of the country and over time.
	www.mfe.govt.nz /publications/waste/landfill-full-cost-accounting-guide-mar04/html/page6.html (2460 words)

	NASA Full Cost Accounting
		Full cost accounting and resources management (budgeting) is a concept that ties all agency costs (including Civil Service personnel costs) to major activities (programs) and budgets, accounts, reports and manages programs with a full cost perspective.
		Traceable indirect costs are all non-direct costs (support costs) that cannot be specifically and immediately identified to a program but that subsequently can be traced or linked to a program in an economically feasible manner.
		Non-traceable indirect costs are all non-direct costs (support costs) that cannot be specifically and immediately identified to a program and that subsequently cannot be traced or linked to a program in an economically feasible manner.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/codeq/fca-1.htm (727 words)

	Full Cost Accounting in Environmental Decision-Making
		In the wetland example, the cost of the fill materials and equipment is part of the market cost, whereas the value of the wetland unavailable for animal habitat is a non-market cost of the project.
		For example, external costs occur when there are no laws stating that the person who fills the wetland must compensate for lost wetland-related activities, and private costs occur when there are laws or regulations governing the use of a resource because business operators recognize them as another cost of running their operation.
		It would obviously be unwise to pursue a FCA study to the point where the transaction costs of the analysis are greater than the social benefits generated by the project under review.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_FE310 (4019 words)

	Privatization.org Policy Issue - Counting the Cost of Managing Municipal Solid Waste
		A recent EPA publication, Full Cost Accounting For Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Handbook, provides and excellent guide for municipalities seeking to implement full-cost accounting (FCA) in their management of municipal solid waste (MSW).
		Foremost among these factors is full costing-the need for reporting all of the costs associated with any current or proposed activity.
		FCA, which takes into account depreciation, amortization, externalities, environmental factors, and contingent costs, is not restricted to only current-year expenditures; therefore, it allows the public and decision makers to understand the real costs of various programs and activities.
	www.privatization.org /database/policyissues/solidwaste_fca_epa.html (613 words)

	MD&A: Accounting Policies and Estimates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Under full cost accounting, a ceiling test is performed to ensure that unamortized capitalized costs in each cost centre do not exceed their fair value.
		The accounts of self-sustaining operations are translated using the current rate method, whereby assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated using average annual rates.
		The cost of pensions and other retirement benefits is actuarially determined using the projected benefit method based on length of service, and reflects Management’s best estimate of expected plan investment performance, salary escalation, retirement ages of employees and expected future health care costs.
	www.encana.com /investor/financial_info/annual2003/broadband/financials/accountingpolicies.html (1805 words)

	Full cost accounting \| Topic Definition \| Find the Meaning and Define the Answer of Full cost accounting
		:: Using techniques such as depreciation and amortization, FCA produces a more accurate picture of the costs of MSW programs, without the distortions that can result from focusing solely on a given year's cash expenditures.
		:: FCA gives managers the ability to evaluate the cost of each element of their solid waste system, such as recycling, composting, waste-to-energy, and landfilling.
		:: As more communities use FCA and report the results, managers might be able to "benchmark" their operations to similar communities or norms.
	www.thefreeencyclopedia.com /definition/word.aspx?w=Full_cost_accounting (1013 words)

	[No title]
		While the principle of full cost accounting is clear, the practice of full cost accounting is far from straightforward (“the devil is in the details”).
		How to estimate the full costs of environmental damages for which there is no readily available signal of cost and for which understanding of biophysical cause and effect relations may be imperfectly understood, and how far in the production chain to include, are important issues.
		For full cost accounting to be a practical approach that will help decision-makers evaluate alternative energy technologies, these issues must be addressed in a clear and compelling manner.
	www.hhh.umn.edu /img/assets/9685/FullCostSeedGrantProposal1_30_04.doc (1321 words)

	Adbusters : The Magazine - #57 The Big Ideas of 2005 / Full-Cost Accounting: The Best Way to Fix the Global System
		Using full-cost accounting, environmentally-conscious producers would no longer be undercut by those concerned exclusively with the bottom line.
		Under a full-cost accounting system, they would no longer be able to skip out on pollution clean-up costs that are passed on to people who actually have the courtesy to pay their taxes.
		Costs to the commons, future generations and faraway people are not paid.
	adbusters.org /the_magazine/content/view/87/108 (735 words)

	ASC \| Cost Accounting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Full cost accounting must include indirect as well as direct costs of testing in order to avoid underestimates, which represent only partial testing costs.
		Accurate cost accounting of the new cytology technologies is needed, since each of the currently available devices increases the cost of testing.
		To the extent that cytopathology laboratory directors understand and communicate testing cost data and rely on accepted accounting principles, the chronic problem of below-cost reimbursement for cervical cytology services may gradually be alleviated; the incentive to offer a wide variety of quality enhancements will increase commensurately.
	www.cytopathology.org /guidelines/cervical_cytologyxi.php (875 words)

	LGEAN What's New
		ICMA released a new publication, "Local Government Special Report: Full Cost Accounting for Solid Waste Services." Full Cost Accounting (FCA) is a financial tool that provides a systematic approach to identifying, summing, and reporting the actual costs of solid waste management in local government.
		FCA enables local officials to improve their services, specifically solid waste management, by making apparent the cost components for service delivery, revealing opportunities to manage these costs more effectively, and using this information to improve performance and manage current and future liabilities.
		The report can serve as resources to others who are considering using FCA and provides practical information on issues such as the value of FCA in providing cost savings and making costs apparent to citizens and elected officials, as well as obstacles that may be encountered during implementation.
	www.lgean.org /html/whatsnew.cfm/www.nrc-recycle.org/programs/whatsnew.cfm?id=90 (286 words)

	Verney Conference Management \| Full Cost Accounting
		Furthermore, when FCA is applied to competitive cost-per-point procurement processes, it will typically present a more competitive environment for a wider range of suppliers, compared with contract-by-contract criteria.
		Several that have implemented FCA in recent years (Justice, Labor, Environment http://www.epa.gov/fullcost/principl.htm, Veterans Affairs, and NASA, among others) are reporting that managers are able to make more informed and prudent decisions about their programs, because they better understand and track their full costs.
		In 2003/04, FCA methodology in the field of information technology (IT) is still in its formative stages, and the concept remains unfamiliar to most IT professionals.
	www.governmentevents.ca /fca.html (981 words)

	Montana HB HB0073
		(5) "Full cost accounting" means a systematic approach for identifying, aggregating, and reporting the actual costs of agency programs or services by accounting for all monetary resources used or committed by agency programs or services.
		(6) "Indirect costs" means costs that are not exclusively related to an agency program or service and that benefit at least one other agency program or service.
		Full cost accounting pilot program -- duties of divisions, bureaus, units, and programs -- cost factors -- reporting requirements.
	data.opi.state.mt.us /bills/2001/billhtml/HB0073.htm (921 words)

	Relating to accounting by the Department of Transportation.
		(2) In addition to meeting the requirements of subsection (1) of this section, the cost accounting system shall accurately account for all direct, indirect and administrative costs allocated to the department's products and services, whether the moneys spent are from state or federal sources.
		Accounting in this category shall also include information about the safety priority indexing system maintained by the department.
		{ + Until the cost accounting system required by section 2 of this 1999 Act is fully implemented, the Department of Transportation shall provide a progress report at least quarterly to the Emergency Board or to any other legislative committee designated by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
	www.leg.state.or.us /99reg/measures/sb0600.dir/sb0614.a.html (624 words)

	Better cost data is the key to performance budgeting, expert says (5/18/01) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Agencies must track the full cost of their operations before they can link spending decisions to performance goals, an expert said Thursday.
		Mercer sees a clear connection between two Bush management reforms still under development: legislation that requires agencies to track the full costs of their operations, and a mandate that agencies use performance-based budgeting on a select set of programs in the fiscal 2003 budget.
		At present, many agencies are unable to account for the overhead, support, and nondirect costs associated with their programs.
	www.govexec.com /story_page.cfm?articleid=20193&printerfriendlyVers=1& (456 words)

	UCLA AIS Technology Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		An analysis of the AIS budget and costing methods in 1998 showed that there has been increasing pressure on the budget due to rising salaries, an increasing user base, an increasing diversity in applied technologies, and requests for additional services and applications.
		The full cost accounting model defines cost drivers and applies them to service lines so that costs can be accurately and realistically tracked by application or project (such as the UCOP transaction processing project or ISTIP projects).
		Time was formerly estimated in annual increments by FTE (Full Time Equivalent) or some protion of that and salary figures were attached to cost estimates.
	www.ais.ucla.edu /projects/fca.htm (718 words)

	Full Cost Accounting in the Oil and Gas Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This replaces Accounting Guideline AcG-5, Full Cost Accounting in the Oil and Gas Industry and is effective for years beginning on or after January 1, 2004 with early adoption encouraged.
		The AcSB determined that there are no significant reasons the accounting requirements in Sections 3063 and 3475 should not be applied by oil and gas enterprises that use full cost accounting and that specific guidance should be provided on several issues particularly relevant to these enterprises, including the following:
		Cost centers would be tested for recoverability, using undiscounted future cash flows
	www.cica.ca /index.cfm/ci_id/1595.html (352 words)

	Full Cost Environmental Accounting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Full cost accounting allows companies to recognize environmental costs as specific costs related to a product or process, and not as overhead costs.
		Waste streams were examined by evaluating cost impacts and tracking the costs back to individual processes.
		The ways in which costs should be represented in the current accounting system were determined.
	www.pprc.org /pprc/rpd/statefnd/carnegie/fullcoste.html (245 words)

	IWA Publishing - Water books, journals, & reports -Catalogue -Full Cost Accounting Protocol for Biosolids Management ...
		Costs are an important (but not the sole) element of benchmarking, and project tools will be useful for planning and conducting benchmarking efforts.
		Full Cost Accounting principles were used to develop a Full Cost Accounting Workbook, Chapter II of the report, which can be applied in “stand-alone” form.
		Means for calculating indirect and other costs, and for summarizing a biosolids management program, are made possible through Full Cost Accounting.
	www.iwapublishing.com /template.cfm?name=isbn1843396548 (345 words)

	NASA - Full Cost
		Managing under full cost is an important part of helping us to really understand what it takes to get things done in this Agency.
		Full cost is also an integral part of the President’s Management Agenda (PMA).
		In contrast to business as usual, our institutional infrastructure costs such as civil service salaries and the use of our facilities and support services are linked to our programs and projects.
	www.nasa.gov /lb/offices/ocfo/references/ocfo_fullCost_detail.html (230 words)

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