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Topic: Fullerene purification

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	Fullerene purification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fullerene purification is the process of obtaining a fullerene compound free of contamination.
		Fullerene purification is key to fullerene science and determines fullerene prices and the success of practical applications of fullerenes.
		fullerene was by HPLC from which small amounts could be generated at large expense.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fullerene_purification (321 words)

	Fullerene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite, which is composed of a sheet of linked hexagonal rings, but they contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings that prevent the sheet from being planar.
		Fullerene purification remains a challenge to chemists and determines fullerene prices to a large extent.
		In April 2003, fullerenes were under study for potential medicinal use: binding specific antibiotics to the structure to target resistant bacteria and even target certain cancer cells such as melanoma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fullerene (1673 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5302681 - Polymerization inhibition by fullerenes - April 12, 1994
		The fullerene compound employed as free-radical polymerization inhibitor in the present invention is a fullerene or a substituted fullerene, i.e., a fullerene derivative.
		The fullerene compound is employed to retard the premature free-radical polymerization of non-linear, readily polymerizable monomer by mixing the fullerene compound and monomer at or prior to subjecting the monomer to conditions, including conditions of elevated temperature and pressure, where the monomer is likely to encounter extraneous free radicals and undesirably polymerize.
		The fullerene compound is removed by conventional means such as extraction or absorption or the effect of the fullerene compound is overcome by the polymerization conditions including the provision of excess polymerization catalyst or by the use of a higher polymerization temperature.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5302681.html (2948 words)

	Antibodies specific for fullerenes - Patent 6593137 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Moreover, a subpopulation of the antibodies raised to a C.sub.60 fullerene crossreacted with the C.sub.70 fullerene.
		The Fullerene Derivativle Co-crystallized with the Fab and Fv Fragments of the Antibody
		Fullerenes are the third allotrope of carbon, a class of nearly spherical cages roughly one nanometer in diameter.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6593137.html (17267 words)

	[No title]
		To help specify a particular fullerene isomer, the symmetry group name to which that isomer belongs is affixed to the molecular formula, but even this is imperfect as it is common for many isomers belonging to the same point group to be present for any particular number of carbon atoms.
		Metallic bonding in fullerenes has been previously observed only when the charge of a large bandgap fullerene is reduced, producing an electronic state similar to either a radical or a small bandgap fullerene in a neutral charge state.
		As a result of the strength of this bonding, the small bandgap fullerenes and metallofullerenes are not solvated by conventional fullerene solvents and therefore they cannot be extracted from the raw fullerene soot or isolated using conventional fullerene purification techniques.
	www.tda.com /Library/docs/6517799.doc (4857 words)

	[No title]
		Purification using this method can take as long as 8-12 hours due to the large size of the columns necessary to purify 500 mg of crude fullerenes.
		Fullerene includes any fullerene or fullerene derivative, including metal encapsulating fullerene derivatives or metallic fullerene endohedral complexes, metallic fullerene exohedral complexes, and substituted fullerene derivatives or fulleroids.
		The purified fullerene is eluted from the activated carbon by passing a solvent in which the pure fullerene is soluble through the activated carbon.
	www.godunov.com /bucky/patents-fulltext/05310532 (1754 words)

	Virus Purification -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Furthermore, purification may be facilitated by the frequent use of a recombinant tag - an extra small chain of amino acids at one terminal of the protein which binds specifically to certain resins.
		The Purification Rundown is a program of physical treatment developed by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, involving the use of saunas, vitamins, and the drinking of oils as a way to treat drug and alcohol addiction.
		Fullerene purification is the art of obtaining a fullerene compound free of contamination.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/160/virus-purification.html (1671 words)

	Multi Disciplinair Project: Wondrous World of Carbon Nano Tubes
		The purification is based on the improved solubility of the nanotubes and the insolubility of the metal particles.
		DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) showed that the purification process had few impact on the structure of the SWNTs, as the curves were almost the same.
		The basic principle of the purification method is like a snooker game, where we use the energy of elastic impact between encapsulated catalysts and small hard inorganic particles to eject the metal kernels and trap them with a strong magnet.
	students.chem.tue.nl /ifp03/overview_purification.html (3351 words)

	News : Understanding Nanotubes : properties, applications, production, markets and utility - Nanovip.com
		Fullerenes were first observed after vaporizing graphite with a short-pulse, high-power laser, however this was not a practical method for making large quantities.
		The fullerenes appear in the soot that is formed, while the CNTs are deposited on the opposing electrode.
		Fullerenes and bundles of single walled nanotubes were also found among the multi walled nanotubes produced on the carbon/zeolite catalyst.
	www.nanovip.com /forums/showthread.php?t=1059 (6953 words)

	mmpg.info Fullerenes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite ; which is composed of a sheet of linked hexagonal rings; but they contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings that prevent the sheet from being planar.
		In April 2003; fullerenes were under study for potential medicinal use: binding specific antibiotic s to the structure to target resistant bacterium and even target certain cancer cells such as melanoma
		Fullerene is an unusual reactant in many organic reaction s such as the Bingel reaction discovered in 1993.
	mmpg.info /8524 (1549 words)

	(WO/2003/029136) PURIFICATION OF ENDOHEDRAL AND OTHER FULLERENES BY CHEMICAL METHODS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the method of the invention, a stable fullerene cation is formed of one of the first or the second set of fullerenes.
		The method of the invention is particularly useful for the purification and separation of endoheral fullerenes from empty fullerenes.
		However, the method may be applied to the purification of a broad range of endohedral and empty fullerene materials.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/29136.030710 (278 words)

	Fullerene Workshop
		It would take too long to use the bell-jar apparatus to make the fullerenes required for the next experiments, so we are going to use material that has been made in exactly the same way (although in much larger quantities) a few weeks ago.
		The chromatographic separation and purification of the fullerenes was first achieved at Sussex University soon after the carbon arc technique was discovered.
		The fullerenes are also found to be soluble in common solvents such as benzene, toluene or chloroform.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Users/kroto/FullereneCentre/workshop/workshop.html (2118 words)

	Untitled
		The fullerenes being organic have been speculated to be useful to deliver drugs.
		Large scale applications won't be possible until fullerenes are produced cheaply for commercially viability.
		Since fullerene research is new, much more needs and continues to be studied.
	math2.org /math/inf/c60.htm (743 words)

	Programme # Fullerenes and Atomic Clusters # IWFAC'2003
		Fullerene chlorination, alkoxychlorination and oxidation by alkylhypochlorites generated in situ from CCl4 and alcohols under the effect of Mo and Pd complexes
		The research of the mechanism of the interaction of fullerene and cycloheximide for the explanation of positive influence C
		Fullerene mass-spectra obtained on a set-up of MI 1201B-type under the conditions of use for negative thermoionization
	www.ioffe.rssi.ru /IWFAC/2003/poster.html (3854 words)

	The Research Division at Virginia Tech - Research Magazine
		Researchers worldwide who were experimenting with the new form of carbon molecules called buckyballs, were mystified for about five years by a small peak in their mass spectrometry readouts, always 1109.
		Carbon nanotubes, discovered by Sumio Iijima of NEC Corp. in 1991, are long rather than round fullerenes, which conduct electricity if the hexagons on the surface are straight, but which act as a resistor or semiconductor if the tube is twisted so the hexagons do not align.
		The fullerene has to be within 10 nanometers of where the light is absorbed for current to be created.
	www.research.vt.edu /resmag/2002winter/buckyballs.html (4112 words)

	Mark S. Meier's Publications
		Meier, D. Rice, "Linking Fullerene Units," R. Ruoff, K. Kadish, Eds., Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, Reno, NV (The Electrochemical Society, 1995).
		Meier, D. Rice, C. Thomas, V. Majidi, R. Pogue, M. Poplawska, "Fullerenes as Nanoscale Connectors," P. Bernier, et al., Eds., Science and Technology of Fullerene Materials, Boston, MA (Materials Research Society, 1994).
		Gel Permeation Chromatography of Fullerenes Using 100% Toluene as Mobile Phase," J. Org.
	www.chem.uky.edu /research/meier/cv.html (654 words)

	NSF-MRSEC Advanced Carbon Materials Center --Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Qian, D.; Dickey, E.C. "Purification and structural annealing of multiwalled carbon nanotubes at graphitization temperatures", Carbon, 39, (11), 1681-1687 2001.
		Grimes, C.A.; Dickey, E.C.; Mungle, C.; Ong, K.G.; Qian, D. "Effect of purification of the electrical conductivity and complex permittivity of multiwall carbon nanotubes", Journal of Applied Physics, 90(8), 4134-4137, 2001.
		Meier, M.S.; Kiegiel, J. "Preparation and Characterization of the Fullerene Diols 1,2-C60H3, 1,2-C70H2, and 5,6-C70H2," Presented at Carbon 2001, the international meeting of the Carbon Society, Lexington, KY, July 18, 2001.
	www.mrsec.uky.edu /pubs/pubs.htm (5517 words)

	[No title]
		Purification of C60 Buckminster-Fullerene: A new low cost and facile method
		In addition to activated carbon, the column may further comprise silica gel, diatomaceous earth, or other materials which aid in column packing and effluent flow.
		Patents issued in Germany, Canada, and South Korea
	ip.research.sc.edu /catalog/00066.htm (84 words)

	Dr Stevenson
		Olmstead, Marilyn M.; Lee, Hon Man; Stevenson, Steve; Dorn, Harry C.; Balch, Alan L. Crystallographic characterization of Isomer 2 of Er2C82 and comparison with Isomer 1 of Er2C82.
		Crystallogrphic Studies of Endohedral Fullerenes, Fullerene/Porphyrin Co-crystals and Fullerene Dimers,” Materials Research Society Symposium, April 17 (2001).
		Derivatives and Higher Fullerenes,” Fullerenes and Photonics III Conference at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, Denver, CO, August (1996).
	ocean.st.usm.edu /~w506391/researchfile.htm (2108 words)

	RMN : publications fullerènes
		Extraction, purification and characterization of fullerenes produced by combustion
		Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials: Fullerenes and Fulleroids, Kirchberg/Tirol, Austria, 4-11 March 1,1995, Ed.
		Fabrication of fullerenes in benzene/oxygen/argon and benzene/acetylene/oxygen/argon flames
	www.fundp.ac.be /sciences/chimie/rmn/pub-ful.html (540 words)

	MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		MTR Ltd. working in the field of high technologies offers a wide variety of High Quality Fullerene Products.
		Our company has a broad contacts all over the world and participates in long-term projects since 1992.
		Based on our unique technologies of the synthesis, separation, and purification of the Fullerene products we can supply our customers with extremely broad spectrum of the High Quality Fullerenes and their Derivatives:
	www.mtr-ltd.com (173 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		For a journal article, please see the Resource Relation field.
		Coal as a feedstock for fullerene production and purification
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6601802 (137 words)

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