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Topic: Fulminant colitis

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Colitis

Pseudomembranous colitis

Diarrhea

Diverticulitis

Colon (anatomy)

Crohns disease

Hematuria

Angiodysplasia

Polyposis

Colon cancer

Cancer

Urinary bladder

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	Colitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colitis is a digestive disease characterized by inflammation of the colon.
		Signs and symptoms of colitis include pain, tenderness in the abdomen, fever, swelling of the colon tissue, bleeding, erythema (redness) of the surface of the colon, rectal bleeding, and ulcerations of the colon.Tests that show these signs are plain X-rays of the colon, testing the stool for blood and pus, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy.
		Surgery is sometimes needed, especially in cases of fulminant colitis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colitis (332 words)

	Ulcerative Colitis - New Treatments, May 2, 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ulcerative colitis is a disease of the colon in which the mucosa is affected by acute inflammation with the predominant cell type being the polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
		The treatment of ulcerative colitis by removal of the colon and rectum is curative of the disease and the treatment of choice in patients with unremitting disease or with toxic dilation of the colon.
		Carcinoma of the colon is a complication of longstanding ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals3a/ulcerative_colitis3.htm (859 words)

	What Is IBD?
		Patients with fulminant colitis are extremely ill with dehydration, severe abdominal pain, protracted diarrhea with bleeding, and even shock.
		Patients with fulminant colitis and toxic megacolon are treated in the hospital with potent intravenous medications.
		In patients with chronic left-sided colitis, the risk of colon cancer is increased, but not as high as in patients with chronic pancolitis.
	www.nonprofitpages.com /ccfcsudbury/IBD.htm (1532 words)

	Ulcerative Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
		When a colitis is present, the inflammation may only involve a short segment known as a “focal colitis” and thus symptoms may be mild; whereas, a “diffuse colitis or a pancolitis” may involve the entire colon and symptoms may be severe.
		Infectious colitis is a colitis of sudden onset in which an identifiable source is often found on culture of the stool.
		The patient with amebic colitis is often mistakenly diagnosed as having chronic UC because the symptoms and the colonoscopic and histologic characteristics are exactly the same as the patient with UC.
	www.gidoctors.com /Colitis/Colitis.html (3329 words)

	Gastroenterology Grand Rounds
		difficile colitis has the typical findings of erythema of the bowel wall with friability, and numerous yellow-white plaques that are generally 2-3 mm in diameter.
		difficile colitis are severe cases that are not responding to maximal medical therapy that have life-threatening systemic symptoms or toxic complications of the colitis such as toxic megacolon, uncontrolled bleeding, and perforation (2,3).
		difficile colitis is a subtotal colectomy with an ileostomy.
	www.bcm.edu /gastro/DDC/grandrounds/BCM/10-9-03/09-DISC.HTM (972 words)

	Section 5 Chapter 13 Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis
		Fulminant ulcerative colitis is certainly a severe condition that is associated with systemic deterioration related to progressive ulcerative colitis.
		Endoscopic evaluation of the colon and rectum in the presence of fulminant ulcerative colitis is a controversial measure.
		Foley WJ, Coon WW, Bonfield RE: Toxic megacolon in acute fulminant ulcerative colitis.
	www.acssurgery.com /acsonline/chapters/ch0513.htm (5062 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 107, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders
		The age of onset for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is bimodal; the first peak occurs during the 20s, and the second occurs between ages 50 and 80.
		Patients with severe or fulminant disease, including toxic megacolon, should be hospitalized and receive IV hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, or corticotropin infused in fluids containing enough potassium to avoid hypokalemia.
		Surgery is indicated when drug therapy for acute fulminant disease fails, when patients cannot be weaned from long-term corticosteroid therapy, when surveillance studies reveal precancerous colonic lesions, and when drug therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis produces a suboptimal response.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec13/ch107/ch107d.jsp (2370 words)

	The Ulcerative Colitis File: Latest Research
		The colitis remained in remission in seven of eight of those with RA treated with methotrexate and ulcerative colitis (mean dose 15.0 mg/week).
		After the induction of remission, the second priority of therapy for ulcerative colitis is sustained clinical remission, defined as the absence of inflammatory symptoms (diarrhoea, bleeding, rectal urgency) and the maintenance of an intact mucosa, with the absence of ulcers, friability or significant granularity at endoscopy.
		Summary After the induction of remission, the second priority of therapy for ulcerative colitis is sustained clinical remission, defined as the absence of inflammatory symptoms (diarrhoea, bleeding, rectal urgency) and the maintenance of an intact mucosa, with the absence of ulcers, friability or significant granularity at endoscopy.
	www.lifestages.com /health/ulcerati.html (16858 words)

	More on Colitis
		Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the bowel, that usually affects the distal end of the large intestine and rectum.
		Ulcerative colitis is similar to Crohn's disease, but there are characteristic differences: ulcerative colitis is usually confined to the mucosa and submucosa, and affects whole areas of intestine.
		The cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, although infective agents have been suspected, and there is a genetic component to susceptibility.
	www.psyhist.com /colitis.htm (628 words)

	Ulcerative Colitis
		Boswellia Helped Chronic Colitis: In a 6-week DB study, twenty patients were given a preparation of the gum resin of Boswellia serrata (300 mg 3 times a day) and ten patients were given sulfasalazine (1 gm 3 times a day).
		In patients suffering from ulcerative colitis grade II and III the effect of Boswellia serrata gum resin preparation (350 mg thrice daily for 6 weeks) on stool properties, histolopathology and scan microscopy of rectal biopsies, blood parameters including Hb, serum iron, calcium, phosphorus, proteins, total leukocytes and eosinophils was studied.
		Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous or Lymphocytic: is a common autoimmune-type disorder that is a cause of chronic, non-bloody diarrhea (90%) with pain (40%), Weight loss (40%), urgency (30%) and nocturnal stools (20%) with normal endoscopic and radiological findings and diagnosis by biopsy of collagenous or lymphocytic infiltration.
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /ulcerative_colitis.htm (2029 words)

	Pseudomembranous Colitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Antibiotic- associated colitis implies a clear history of antibiotic therapy and biopsy evidence of colitis with or without formation of pseudomembrane.
		Surgical intervention is indicated in complicated cases of fulminant colitis.
		Leukocytosis as a harbinger and surrogate marker of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with diarrhea.
	www.histopathology-india.net /PCo.htm (718 words)

	Ulcerative Colitis information (causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment medications) by MedicineNet.com
		The causes of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are unknown.
		Variability of symptoms reflects differences in the extent of disease (i.e., the amount of the colon and rectum that are inflamed) and the intensity of inflammation.
		Fulminant colitis is a rare but severe form of pancolitis.
	www.medicinenet.com /ulcerative_colitis/page2.htm (833 words)

	Section 5 Chapter 33 Procedures for Ulcerative Colitis
		Fulminant colitis Although as a rule, CUC is a chronic disease that allows deliberate and coordinated care, approximately 10% of patients initially present with severe disease.
		Fulminant colitis is characterized by the sudden onset of severe and frequent (> 10/day) bloody bowel movements, abdominal pain, dehydration, and anemia.
		Patients with fulminant colitis are extremely ill and require rapid, aggressive medical therapy, including fluid resuscitation, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, and, in some cases, blood transfusions.
	www.acssurgery.com /acsonline/Chapters/CH0533.htm (8595 words)

	Information
		Ulcerative colitis is a disease localized in the colon, which causes inflammation and sores.
		Fulminant colitis is rare and could be life threatening.
		People with fulminant colitis are at risk of serious complications including colon rupture and toxic mega colon, which occurs when the colon becomes severely distended (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2005, p.
	mysite.verizon.net /res1nvsj/id6.html (3347 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: When to suspect ischemic colitis
		schemic colitis is the most common ischemic injury of the gastrointestinal tract and one of the most common disorders of the large bowel in the elderly.
		Aggressive factors that determine the degree and extent of injury are extent of ischemic insult, severity and rapidity of onset of ischemia, and bacterial luminal load; defensive factors are efficiency of collateral circulation and mucosal resistance to bacterial invasion.
		In the chronic stage, the stricture of ischemic colitis must be distinguished from that of diverticular disease, carcinoma of the colon, and inflammatory bowel disease.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1999/04_99/alapati.htm (2558 words)

	Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea - March 1, 2005 - American Family Physician
		An important indicator of impending fulminant colitis is a sudden rise in the peripheral white blood cell count.
		An important indicator of impending fulminant colitis is a sudden rise in the peripheral WBC count to between 30,000 and 50,000 per mm3 (30 to 50 3 109 per L), often accompanied by significant bandemia.
		Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20050301/921.html (3273 words)

	Pseudomembranous Colitis: Spectrum of Imaging Findings with Clinical and Pathologic Correlation -- Kawamoto et al. 19 ...
		Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is an acute infectious colitis
		Pseudomembranous colitis: a consideration in the barium enema differential diagnosis of acute generalized ulcerative colitis.
		Pseudomembranous colitis with associated fulminant ileitis in the defunc-tionalized limb of a jejunal-ileal bypass: report of a case.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/19/4/887 (4295 words)

	Incidence and risk factors of Clostridium difficile colitis - Tips From Other Journals American Family Physician - Find ...
		Clostridium difficile colitis is often a hospital-acquired infection that produces discomfort and, occasionally, severe illness in patients with unrelated medical or surgical conditions.
		Patients found to have C. difficile colitis as the reason for admission were excluded, as were patients who would be in the hospital for fewer than two days.
		Three variables were identified as independently increasing the risk of developing C. difficile colitis: (1) admission from a nursing home or rehabilitation center, (2) use of the antibiotic cefoxitin and (3) an operative procedure for bowel obstruction.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n1_v58/ai_20940953 (480 words)

	Emergency Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Pseudomembranous colitis was first described in 1893 when a patient with severe diarrhea was found to have "diphtheritic colitis" at autopsy.
		Fulminant colitis develops in approximately 1% to 3% of patients.
		In general, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy should be avoided in fulminant colitis because of the risk of perforation.
	www.emedmag.com /html/pre/gic/consults/061503.asp (1682 words)

	Cecil Textbook of Medicine : />
		Fulminant colitis with perforation is uncommon; patients are in a toxic state, are acutely ill, and have a rigid, tender abdomen.
		Toxic megacolon is an unusual complication that is associated with the inappropriate use of corticosteroids, such as when amebic colitis is mistaken for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.
		Ameboma is a rare, segmental form of chronic amebic colitis commonly found in the cecum and ascending colon; it manifests as a tender abdominal mass and can be confused with colonic carcinoma.
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/common/cecils/chapters/399_004.htm (316 words)

	Clostridium Difficile Colitis
		Moderate colitis - malaise, RLQ/LLQ abdominal pain and cramping, anorexia, nausea, dehydration, low-grade fever, mild leukocytosis, and profuse watery diarrhea with 5-15 watery stools/day.
		Fulminant colitis - often manifested by high fever/chills, marked leukocytosis, severe lower or diffuse abdominal pain ± peritoneal signs, abd distention, often ¯ diarrhea sometimes associated with colonic ileus.
		Relatively contraindicated in patients with fulminant colitis 2° risk of bowel perforation.
	intmedweb.wfubmc.edu /blurbs/gi/clostridium.html (646 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Ulcerative colitis
		Extensive colitis is defined as disease that extends beyond the splenic flexure but not as far as the cecum (the beginning of the colon).
		— Fulminant ulcerative colitis is an exacerbation of severe ulcerative colitis that is characterized by a high white blood cell count, loss of appetite, and marked abdominal pain.
		Left-sided colitis — In people with left-sided colitis, the risk of colorectal cancer begins to increase, relative to the general risk, about 15 to 20 years after the symptoms of ulcerative colitis first appear.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=digestiv/10728 (4151 words)

	USCAP 2002 Annual Meeting
		It is well known that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at an increased risk of developing dysplasia and carcinoma, although the exact magnitude of this risk is unknown.
		Patients who are at highest risk include those with extensive colitis (proximal to the splenic flexure), those with disease duration of greater than ten years and those with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
		Patients with severe symptoms of colitis (fulminant colitis) will often have a colectomy before their risk of dysplasia/cancer is significantly increased, and thus patients who are at highest risk are often those with long-standing well-controlled asymptomatic disease.
	www.uscap.org /site~/91st/case5.htm (3797 words)

	Treatment Of Ulcerative Colitis
		Most surgery for ulcerative colitis is performed on individuals who have had the disease for many years and have suffered constant flare-ups, in whom quality of life has become severely impaired.
		Surgery is also often undertaken in an urgent situation known as fulminant colitis, which involves severe diarrhea and bleeding, accompanied by high fever, that persists for many hours.
		Surgery for ulcerative colitis involves removal of the entire colon, regardless of whether all or only a portion of the colon is diseased.
	www.ehealthmd.com /library/ulcerativecolitis/UC_treatment.html (1634 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource
		When the disease is fulminating, as it may be in children and younger adults, it resembles acute, rapidly progressive ulcerative colitis.
		Unfortunately, multiple careful rectal biopsies and stool examinations may be negative, but the possibility of amebic colitis should be remembered because the results of surgery on the toxic megacolon of amebiasis are almost inevitably disastrous.
		Making the correct diagnosis is a greater problem in climates where both amebic and ulcerative colitis may occur than in the tropics, where ulcerative colitis is rare and toxic megacolon has a much higher probability of being amebic in origin.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter1/imaging3.htm (418 words)

	eMedicine - Ulcerative Colitis : Article by Jonathan Markowitz, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease characterized by remitting and relapsing inflammation of the large intestine.
		History: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon that affects the rectum and may extend proximally in a symmetric uninterrupted pattern to involve parts or all of the large intestine.
		The Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada are nonprofit organizations dedicated to the education and treatment of patients affected by Crohn disease and UC.
	www.emedicine.com /PED/topic1183.htm (4991 words)

	Other Topics: Acute and Chronic Colitis - Changing Causes and Therapies
		Typical early symptoms pointing to IBD include constipation and blood coating of solid stool in ulcerative colitis, as well as an aggravating, constant, deep-seated, severe aching pain, which is often described by patients as having the quality of a toothache, in active Crohn's disease.
		CMV is particularly prone to attack the lungs and an ulcerative esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus) and a colitis have now surfaced as a serious manifestation of CMV infections in the immunocompromised patient.
		Adler, DJ,Korelitz BI: The therapeutic efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine in refractory ulcerative colitis.
	www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com /articles/other/ulcerativecolitis_2 (2298 words)

	IngentaConnect The outcome of surgery in fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis
		The outcome of surgery in fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis
		The clinical presentation of Clostridium difficile infection ranges from asymptomatic carriage, colitis with or without pseudomembranes, to fulminant colitis.
		difficile infection as the cause of colitis was diagnosed pre-operatively in seven (50%) patients, six of whom underwent a total colectomy and one a right hemicolectomy.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/cdi/2006/00000008/00000002/art00013 (323 words)

	Emergency Medicine
		The diarrhea is more profuse compared to patients without colitis, and it is associated with cramping abdominal pain in the lower quadrant that is temporarily relieved with passage of loose bowel movements.
		Clostridium difficile colitis in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease may be missed because the symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and low-grade fever are attributed to a flare-up of the underlying disease process.
		Severe pseudomembranous colitis, which occurs in 3% to 5% of patients with CDC, is associated with a mortality of about 65% and must be aggressively treated.
	www.emedmag.com /html/pre/gic/consults/011505.asp (3033 words)

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