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	Constipation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constipation or irregularity, is a condition of the digestive system where a person (or animal) experiences hard feces that are difficult to eliminate; it may be extremely painful, and in severe cases (fecal impaction) lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction.
		Causes of constipation may be dietary, hormonal, a side effect of medications, and anatomical.
		Constipation as a result of poor ambulation or immobility should be considered in the elderly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constipation (871 words)

	Constipation
		Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal problem in the U.S. Each year, it causes over 2.5 million visits to physicians, and patients spend over $725 million on nonprescription products to treat it.
		Constipation is a term used loosely by lay people, partly due to a misunderstanding of what constitutes normal bowel movement frequency.
		Constipation may not be caused by another medical condition or factor per se, but may be a result of slowed motility (colonic inertia).
	www.fhma.com /constipation.htm (2268 words)

	Constipation
		Functional constipation occurs in both children and adults and is most common in women.
		Functional constipation that stems from abnormalities in the structure of the anus and rectum is known as anorectal dysfunction, or anismus.
		Constipation may also cause hard stool to pack the intestine and rectum so tightly that the normal pushing action of the colon is not enough to expel the stool.
	www.fbhc.org /Patients/Modules/const.cfm (3014 words)

	Pooping...Overview
		The purpose of this publication is to describe the characteristics and treatment of four pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders that prompt parents to bring their child to the doctor for constipation and/or soiling: infant dyschezia, functional constipation, functional fecal retention, and non-retentive fecal soiling.
		Functional constipation is important to treat because it may predispose the child to develop functional fecal retention.
		Functional non-retentive fecal soiling is diagnosed in children older than 4, who have bowel movements in places and at times that are inappropriate, at least once a week for 3 months, in the absence of a disease to explain it, and without signs of fecal retention.
	www2.kumc.edu /kupedigi/Defecation.htm (2968 words)

	Intestinal motility: evaluation and treatment of constipation: Currents: UI Health Care
		Slow transit constipation is characterized by prolonged delay in the transit of stool through the colon and is due to a neuromuscular dysfunction of the colon.
		Slow transit constipation is defined primarily on the basis of symptoms alone, whereas dyssynergic defecation is defined both on the basis of symptoms and objective physiological criteria.
		Constipated patients with or without dyssynergia present with a constellation of symptoms that include a feeling of incomplete evacuation, excessive straining, passage of hard, pellet-like stool, digital disimpaction or vaginal splinting, and a lump-like sensation or blockage in the anal region.
	www.uihealthcare.com /news/currents/vol5issue1/constipation.html (1191 words)

	IFFGD - GI Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Constipation is defined by a reduced stool frequency, or by painful bowel movements, even when the stool frequency is not reduced.
		Functional constipation is defined by passage of hard, pebble-like stools, or the passage of fewer than two BMs per week for two weeks or more in otherwise healthy infants and children.
		Functional fecal retention is defined, in a person from infancy to 16 years old, by the passage of large or enormous bowel movements at intervals less than twice per week, and the attempt to avoid having bowel movements on purpose, by contracting the muscles of the pelvic floor and squeezing the buttocks together.
	www.iffgd.org /GIDisorders/GIKids.html (1418 words)

	Causes of Constipation and Characteristics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Such constipation may be said to be "idiopathic" or "functional," which means that the primary abnormality is an alteration in the way the body works (physiological function) -- rather than a metabolic or structural abnormality.
		Constipation is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but in that condition there is abdominal pain and the bowel habit is changeable with normal and diarrheal defecations occurring from time to time.
		However, patients with functional constipation may not have the abdominal discomfort or pain that is required to make a diagnosis of IBS, and would not have intervals of normal bowel habit and diarrhea with loose stools that can occur in IBS.
	www.aboutconstipation.org /characteristics.html (1901 words)

	Constipation Page 3
		Constipation and fecal incontinence in the elderly population.
		Constipation is a common childhood condition, estimated to occur in 5 to 10 percent of children.
		Functional constipation is not a life-threatening disease, but as a chronic state it worries the patient and causes him discomfort and often leads him to self-medication with potentially dangerous drugs.
	www.lef.org /protocols/abstracts/abstr-038b.html (3474 words)

	Constipation in Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Constipation is one of the most common intestinal problems in children, accounting for 3% to 5% of all visits to pediatricians.
		Constipation in children can be defined as the passage of painful stools or a reduction in frequency of stools.
		Constipation in children is generally caused by a change in diet and fluid intake, during toilet training or a deviation from usual toileting routines, or avoidance of bowel movements because of pain such as anal irritation, fissures (small tears in the skin), or rashes.
	www.aboutkidsgi.org /Constipation.html (1184 words)

	CONSTIPATION
		Diabetes commonly causes constipation and can be present in 80-90% of patients with neuropathy (autonomic and peripheral) and 20% of patients without neuropathy [16].
		Constipation is common in patients with Parkinson's disease and a megacolon is present in 10%.
		Constipation can be a symptom of many underlying disorders, but in approximately half the patients no cause can be found even after systematic objective testing.These patients may have misperceptions about the normal range of bowel movements or psychological causes for their bowel dysfunction and may require psychotherapy.
	www.uwgi.org /guidelines/ch_05/CH05TXT.HTM (3516 words)

	Constipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The differential diagnosis of constipation is age-related and depends on assessment of the factors that have led to the conclusion that constipation is occurring.
		Constipation may develop in some children in association with use of medications, chemotherapeutic agents, heavy metals, and agents with anti-cholinergic properties.
		In the more common cases of familial or functional constipation, the mainstay of therapy involves dietary manipulation and use of medications to soften and increase the bulk of the stool.
	home.coqui.net /myrna/cons.htm (1466 words)

	Characteristics of Digestive of Bowel Disorders in Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders include a variable combination of often age-dependent, chronic or recurrent symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities.
		The majority of constipated children show no abnormalities, in which case a diagnosis of chronic functional (idiopathic) constipation is made.
		Functional fecal retention begins when there is a painful BM, and the child learns to fear the urge to have a BM.
	www.aboutkidsgi.org /characteristics.html (1388 words)

	Stool Soiling and Constipation in Children -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In children with encopresis, formed, soft or liquid stools that often have a very bad smell leak from the anus (the outside opening to the rectum) around a mass of stool that is stuck in the lower bowel.
		Constipation may occur if your child is not eating enough high-fiber foods, drinking enough fluids or getting enough exercise.
		Symptoms of constipation are extreme straining during a bowel movement, abdominal pain and bloating, crankiness, tiredness, loss of appetite between bowel movements, wetting during the day or night, and extreme reluctance to use the toilet.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/166.html (1329 words)

	Constipation Page 2
		Assessment of the effect of increased dietary fibre intake on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury.
		The age of onset of constipation occurred during the first year of life in 55.4% of the patients while the median age of evaluation was 78 months.
		Functional constipation is the cause of fecal incontinence in 95 percent of affected children, and anatomic or neurologic causes account for up to 5 percent of cases.
	www.lef.org /protocols/abstracts/abstr-038a.html (2940 words)

	ACG: Functional Constipation Linked to Anxiety in Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Up to 7.5% of children have constipation, which accounts for about 3% of visits to paediatricians and up to 25% of visits to paediatric gastroenterologists, according to data quoted in the study.
		The researchers reported that constipation carries a host of physical and psychological consequences, and defecation anxiety is often implicated as a primary contributor to constipation.
		Both the self-report and the parent report showed that children with functional constipation had significantly more defecation anxiety than a control group of well children or children with asthma, the researchers said.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/23CB06.htm (443 words)

	Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Layman's Perspective - Patients - American College of Gastroenterology
		These disorders include functional diarrhea, functional constipation, functional abdominal bloating, functional abdominal pain syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome, which will be discussed in a separate chapter.
		People with functional constipation have persistent symptoms of difficult, infrequent bowel movements, sometimes with a sensation of incomplete emptying after having a bowel movement.
		When constipation does not get better with simple treatments, a transit time study may be done to measure the time it takes for stool to move through the bowel and be eliminated.
	www.acg.gi.org /patients/gihealth/functional.asp (2460 words)

	Causes of Constipation - CureResearch.com
		Constipation as a complication: Other conditions that might have Constipation as a complication might be potential underlying causes of Constipation.
		Constipation as a symptom: Conditions listing Constipation as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Constipation.
		Related information for causes of Constipation: Further relevant information on causes of Constipation may be found in the risk factors for Constipation and underlying causes of Constipation.
	www.cureresearch.com /c/constipation/causes.htm (1404 words)

	Constipation (Chronic Constipation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Because there are a large number of potential causes for the symptoms of constipation, your physician may perform blood tests looking for systemic disease [conditions that affect the entire body, like diabetes], as well as a colonoscopy or barium enema to look for intrinsic abnormalities of the colon.
		Finally, you may have testing of the anorectal function including defecography (a radiographic test to identify anatomical defects during defecation) and/or an electromyogram, or EMG (measures muscle activity) to determine if a disorder of this region is present.
		In constipated patients, biofeedback techniques have generally been used to assist patients having spasms of the pelvic musculature during the act of defecation.
	www.aboutibs.org /Publications/constipation.html (1798 words)

	Constipation in Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The cause of most constipation is functional or idiopathic, meaning there is no sign of injury or infection, blood, or anatomic abnormality to explain the very real symptoms.
		Constipation in children may be caused by a change in diet and fluid intake, during toilet training or a deviation from usual toileting routines, or avoidance
		Call your child's doctor if you notice any of the following: constipation is persistent or recurrent; symptoms interfere with your child's daily activities; blood in or on the stool; diarrhea; fever; vomiting; straining with stool; complaints of pain or cramping; irritability; decreased appetite; or soiling underclothes.
	www.aboutconstipation.org /children.html (1104 words)

	Emergency Medicine
		Among the issues addressed by the author are differing patient and physician definitions of constipation, the roles of pelvic floor dyssynergia and slow transit, the efficacy of supplemental dietary fiber, the risks and benefits of laxatives, and possible medical and surgical therapies.
		Surveys reveal variability in the prevalence of constipation, with estimates from 2% to 27%, reflecting different definitions of constipation and the characteristics of the populations being studied.
		Patients with chronic constipation require reassurance that their condition is not fatal and education regarding the variation of normal bowel patterns.
	www.emedmag.com /html/pre/gic/consults/041505.asp (2533 words)

	eMedicine - Constipation : Article by Dave Holson, MD, MPH
		Pelvic floor dysfunction manifests by failure of descent of the examining finger and contraction of the upper segment of the sphincter during straining.
		An extensive workup of the constipated patient is performed on an outpatient basis and usually occurs after approximately 3-6 months of failed medical management.
		Constipation is an ongoing problem for patients who are bedridden or otherwise debilitated.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic111.htm (2269 words)

	Constipation -- eCureMe.com
		Constipation describes a change in a child's bowel habits, such that the stool amount is decreased, hard, decreased in frequency, or there is excessive straining during defecation.
		Constipation can be classified as functional constipation, in which there is no organic abnormality, and organic constipation, in which there is organic abnormality.
		Fecal impaction -- occurs when constipation is so severe that the entire rectum fills with a hard ball of stool.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/Pediatrics/Constipation.asp (273 words)

	Diagnosis of Constipation Problems at Mayo Clinic
		It is important to identify the cause of constipation for treatment to be appropriate and effective.
		They have "functional constipation," which can usually be managed with self-help measures.
		If functional constipation and other diseases have been ruled out as causes, patients may need additional tests to see if the cause may be:
	www.mayoclinic.org /constipation/diagnosis.html (449 words)

	Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain -- Thompson et al. 45 (Supplement 2): 43 -- Gut
		A functional bowel disorder (FBD) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with symptoms attributable to the mid or lower
		Functional abdominal bloating comprises a group of functional bowel disorders which are dominated by a feeling of abdominal
		Constipation occurs in up to 20% of populations, depending on demographic factors, sampling and the definition used.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/45/suppl_2/II43 (2916 words)

	Functional Constipation and IBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Factors that can cause or exacerbate constipation include poor general health status, use of certain medications, laxative abuse, depression or psychological distress, low fiber diet, or certain medical diseases.
		Functional constipation is diagnosed by the presence of symptoms of constipation in the absence of known causes.
		The Rome Diagnostic Criteria define the symptoms of functional constipation as the presence of two or more of the following, occurring for at least 12 weeks in the preceding 12 months (Nos.
	www.aboutibs.org /Publications/FconstipationIBS.html (338 words)

	Clinical Trial: Effectiveness Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Functional Constipation
		Functional constipation (FC) is common with 14.3% estimated prevalence in HK, but treatment for this condition in conventional medicine is suboptimal.
		Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint in clinical practice, with the estimated prevalence 14.3% in Hong Kong, as nearly affecting 1 million Hong Kong People in different extent.
		Constipation is often perceived to be benign, easily treated condition with short-term treatment being relatively straightforward.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00299975 (926 words)

	Nurse management of intractable functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial -- Burnett et al. 89 (8): 717 -- ...
		Nurse management of intractable functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial -- Burnett et al.
		Chronic constipation in childhood: a longitudinal study of 186 patients.
		Constipation in early childhood: patient characteristics, treatment, and longterm follow up.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/8/717 (3361 words)

	Constipation
		A 6 year old boy is brought to the office with the chief complaint of being constipated.
		Encopresis is defined as soiling in the presence of functional constipation
		The psychologic aspects of pediatric practice; I. causes and treatment of chronic constipation Pediatrics 14: 259-266.
	pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu /Constipation.html (415 words)

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