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Topic: Functional dyspepsia

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Adverse effect (medicine)

Peptic ulcer

Nausea

Abdominal pain

	The Use of Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia
		Dyspepsia, commonly known as ‘indigestion', is a non-specific term used to describe symptoms of abdominal discomfort that are episodic or persistent and are thought to originate from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
		Although the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia is unclear, epidemiological studies have shown the condition to be strongly associated with psychological factors.
		Since the visceral hypersensitivity that is sometimes associated with functional dyspepsia is, in essence, an augmented sensitivity to visceral pain, it is not unreasonable to suggest that it may respond to treatment with hypnosis.
	www.hypnos.co.uk /hypnomag/maung.htm (1622 words)

	WGN 1999/1: News 9-98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Functional dyspepsia is a clinical syndrome defined by chronic or recurrent epigastric symptoms without identifiable cause when investigated by conventional means, including endoscopy with biopsies, radiology, and ultrasonography.
		Patients with functional dyspepsia had clinical symptoms similar to those with organic dyspepsia (the prevalence of eight different clinical symptoms was similar in the two groups).
		However, only patients with functional disease reported hypersensitivity to gastric balloon distension: the volume thresholds for fullness, discomfort, and pain in response to slow gradual balloon distension were 40-50% lower in patients with functional dyspepsia than in those with organic causes or healthy volunteers.
	www.omge.org /publications/archive/1999_1/news4-99_2.html (899 words)

	Dyspepsia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dyspepsia is a constant pain in the stomach.
		Dyspepsia may be caused by conditions such as stomach ulcers.
		It may also be caused as a side-effect of drugs treating other illnesses such as arthritis and schizophrenia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Functional_dyspepsia (103 words)

	Functional (Nonulcer) Dyspepsia
		Although definitive diagnosis of functional dyspepsia requires esophagogastroduodenoscopy during a symptomatic period when patients are off ulcer-healing drugs [7**], this usually is not required in patients younger than 45 years unless there are "alarm symptoms" such as dysphagia, weight loss, and anemia.
		Evidence of delayed gastric emptying and an abnormal electrogastrography in functional dyspepsia may be useful in management because they may predict a more favorable response to treatment with a prokinetic agent [9].
		The treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia is influenced by several factors, including the episodic nature of symptoms with spontaneous remission, heterogeneity of abnormalities, and high placebo response rate (up to 45%), which has made it difficult to evaluate the actual response to the drug in many clinical studies [10].
	www.treatment-options.com /article.cfm?PubID=GA05-2-2-01&Type=Article&KeyWords= (3570 words)

	Guideline 68 Section 5: Management of functional dyspepsia
		Functional dyspepsia is the recommended term to denote dyspepsia for which no causal organic disease has been identified (see section 1.3).
		Functional dyspepsia is not usually caused by stress, anxiety or depression but these factors may worsen the symptoms and diminish a patient’s ability to cope with them.
		Functional dyspepsia is not caused by sensitivity or allergy to dietary constituents.
	www.sign.ac.uk /guidelines/fulltext/68/section5.html (2061 words)

	Dyspepsia - Functional or Non-Ulcer
		Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a term which includes a group of symptoms that come from a problem in your upper gut.
		The role of H. pylori is controversial in functional dyspepsia (although it is the main cause of duodenal and stomach ulcers).
		Strictly speaking, functional dyspepsia is a diagnosis that is made only when no other cause can be found for the symptoms (such as an ulcer).
	www.tripdatabase.com /spider.html?itemid=254485 (1658 words)

	Role of helicobacter pylori in functional dyspepsia Shrivastava Upendra K, Gupta Aman, Gupta Arun, Bhatia Arati - ...
		Dyspepsia is defined as upper abdominal or retrosternal pain or discomfort referable to the proximal alimentary tract.
		However, the most frequent type is functional dyspepsia which is defined as persistent or recurrent upper abdominal discomfort in whom a reasonable clinical evaluation has failed to reveal a definite cause of the symptoms.
		[2] The pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia is unknown.
	www.indianjsurg.com /article.asp?issn=0972-2068;year=2004;volume=66;issue=6;spage=341;epage=346;aulast=Shrivastava (2581 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Abdominal pain (functional dyspepsia) in adults
		A "functional disease," including functional dyspepsia, is a condition characterized by symptoms that mimic those of an organic disorder, such as ulcer, even though thorough evaluation fails to detect evidence of structural abnormalities or tissue damage.
		Abnormalities of motor functioning may lead to delayed emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum, the upper region of the small intestine (ie, delayed gastric emptying or gastroparesis), resulting in nausea and vomiting, an early sense of fullness with eating (satiety), and bloating.
		Experts indicate that functional dyspepsia is best described as the result of a complex interaction of underlying physiological factors—referring to physical processes and functioning of the body—as well as psychosocial factors.
	www.patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=digestiv/7283 (2524 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Validation and results of a questionnaire for functional bowel disease in out-patients
		Functional bowel disorders form a heterogeneous group of clinical syndromes related to the gastrointestinal tract that present no histological, endoscopic or imaging abnormalities and are not the result of infectious or metabolic disease.
		The prevalence of symptoms in the subgroups of patients with IBS, functional dyspepsia and organic disease and also in the control group is presented in table 2.
		Having determined the localization of pain, significant factors in distinguishing between possible functional dyspepsia and organic disease are the presence of loose stools, whether or not there was reflection of pain to the spine, the presence of bloating and the age of the subject.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2458/2/8 (3658 words)

	Dyspepsia — clinical trials and research studies for functional dyspepsia
		Dyspepsia is a common condition affecting between 25 to 40% of adults.
		Functional Dyspepsia is diagnosed by a physician through a physical exam, review of medical history and testing to rule out more serious conditions.
		No one knows for certain what causes functional dyspepsia, although studies have shown it may be associated with the abnormal function of muscles in certain organs of the gastrointestinal tract or in the abnormal function of the nerves that control those organs.
	www.liclinical.com /dyspepsia.htm (414 words)

	Dyspepsia — Complete medical information on this disease of the gastrointestinal track on MedicineNet.com
		Dyspepsia is not a particularly good term for the ailment since it implies that there is "dyspepsia" or abnormal digestion of food, and this most probably is not the case.
		For example, functional diseases of the stomach and intestines may be shown ultimately to be associated with reduced or increased levels of normal chemicals within the gastrointestinal organs, the spinal cord, or the brain.
		Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract often are categorized by the organ of involvement.
	www.medicinenet.com /dyspepsia/article.htm (1079 words)

	MDchoice.com - Emergency Medicine
		The term dyspepsia refers to the symptom of pain or discomfort in the epigastric region—the area of the abdomen between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process.
		Functional dyspepsia is a disorder in which there is no gross mucosal or structural abnormality that would account for symptoms of discomfort and early satiety.
		For the patient with persistent dyspepsia, a thorough history to screen for alarm symptoms and a physical examination with stool guaiac are essential.
	www.mdchoice.com /emed/main.asp?template=0&page=detail&type=3&id=1005 (1612 words)

	Dyspepsia in Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The symptom characteristics of dyspepsia in children are pain and discomfort in the upper middle region of the abdomen.
		Functional dyspepsia is not rigorously defined in children.
		In ulcer-like dyspepsia, the predominant symptom is pain centered in the upper abdomen; the pain is often relieved by food or antacid therapy and may wake the child from sleep.
	www.aboutkidsgi.org /Dyspepsia.html (1231 words)

	AGA eDigest
		Functional dyspepsia is considered a heterogeneous disorder with different pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the symptom pattern.
		The Rome II committee proposed subdividing patients with functional dyspepsia into groups with predominant pain versus discomfort with the aim of identifying subgroups with homogeneous pathophysiological and clinical properties.
		The team included 720 consecutive functional dyspepsia patients, of which 489 were women with a mean age of 41 years.
	www.gastro.org /user-assets/html/eDigest/2006/February/23/Literature/predominant.htm (276 words)

	Functional Dyspepsia - aboutGIMotility.org
		For instance, care must be taken not to confuse functional dyspepsia with other common disorders that may cause upper gastrointestinal distress, like heartburn, IBS, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional abdominal bloating, and functional biliary disorders.
		Functional dyspepsia is characterized by chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen.
		Functional dyspepsia may be treated with changes in diet or with medications.
	www.aboutgimotility.org /site/about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-stomach/functional-dyspepsia (388 words)

	Literature Summary
		Dyspepsia is a syndrome, which consists of many upper gastrointestinal symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, excessive burping and belching, nausea, inability to finish a normal size meal and early satiety.
		In functional dyspepsia trials, usually a normal endoscopy is required for patients to qualify for the study.
		Uninvestigated dyspepsia patients are those individuals suffering from dyspepsia who have not been investigated to determine the cause of their symptoms.
	meds.queensu.ca /gimec/nf99vanz.htm (1688 words)

	The Dyspepsia File: Drug Therapies
		A total of 147 patients with functional dyspepsia characterized by prominent epigastric pain or discomfort were randomized to 2 weeks' treatment with metoclopramide or domperidone (both 30 mg/day); of these, 53 patients unresponsive to dopamine antagonist treatment were randomized to cisapride 30 mg/day or placebo for an additional 2 weeks.
		Non-organic dyspepsia, although not frequently reported, is still a disorder which is difficult to classify in nosographic and physiopathological terms, a fact which inevitably influences the indications for its treatment.
		Symptoms of functional dyspepsia are frequent; the prevalence of dyspepsia (defined as pain or discomfort centred in the upper abdomen) in the general population approaches 25%.
	ssl.adgrafix.com /users/lifestag/dyspepsia/drug.html (7522 words)

	Dyspepsia by Ray Sahelian, M.D.
		The term dyspepsia refers to the symptom of pain or discomfort in the epigastric region—the area of the abdomen between the belly button and the xiphoid process.
		METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT), 247 patients with functional dyspepsia were recruited and treated with either a commercial artichoke leaf extract preparation (2 x 320 mg plant extract t.d.s.) or a placebo.
		The Nepean Dyspepsia Index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed at baseline and after 2 months of treatment with ALE, which was randomly allocated to volunteers as 320 or 640 mg daily.
	www.raysahelian.com /dyspepsia.html (526 words)

	Functional Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
		According to Rome II criteria, 30 patients from three groups were studied: patients with (i) functional dyspepsia (FD) or (ii) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and (iii) patients with concomitant symptoms of FD and IBS.
		Functional dyspepsia and IBS cannot be distinguished on the basis of altered small intestinal sensory thresholds.
		However, the overlap of symptoms and the evidence of a number of common pathophysiological characteristics suggest that functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome may be different presentations of the same disorder.
	www.paratuberculosis.net /60links_between_fd_ibs_cd/functional_dyspepsia_and_irritable_bowel_syndrome (1490 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Functional dyspepsia is caused by poor eating habits while the organic variety is brought about by bacteria or stomach ulcers.
		Ari said that functional dyspepsia was caused by irregular eating habits, drinking carbonated water, smoking cigarettes or distress.
		Many people with functional dyspepsia will find their disease may recede after fasting because the ritual forces them to eat to a strict timetable -- before dawn and after dusk.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20060920.T01 (794 words)

	InteliHealth:
		Dyspepsia is the word doctors use to describe upper abdominal pain, usually in the center of the abdomen.
		Functional dyspepsia is abdominal pain with no known cause.
		In this study, 523 people diagnosed with functional dyspepsia were randomly assigned to receive either itopride or a placebo.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/20813/7228/455195.html (644 words)

	Dyspepsia
		Dyspepsia is a catchall term that includes a variety of digestive problems such as stomach discomfort, gas, bloating, belching, appetite loss, and nausea.
		In this way, dyspepsia is like a stomach version of the symptoms in the intestines called irritable bowel syndrome.
		In Europe, dyspepsia is commonly attributed to inadequate bile flow from the gallbladder.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21605 (1869 words)

	Pharmacy Times: Functional Dyspepsia Is Prevalent Worldwide
		When the definition of dyspepsia was limited to subjects with upper abdominal pain, irrespective of the presence of heartburn or acid regurgitation, the prevalence rate estimate was 5% to 12%.
		A variable prognosis was found in the 13 studies that examined the clinical course of functional dyspepsia.
		The authors concluded that, although functional dyspepsia is prevalent worldwide, its prognosis remains poorly defined.
	www.pharmacytimes.com /article.cfm?ID=1265 (212 words)

	IngentaConnect Scope of the Problem of Functional Digestive Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are amongst the most widely recognised functional gastrointestinal disorders.
		Both functional dyspepsia and IBS are remarkably prevalent in the general population, affecting approximately 20% and 10% of persons, respectively.
		The majority of patients diagnosed as having functional dyspepsia or IBS continue to have symptoms long term with a significant impact on quality of life.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/tandf/ssur/1998/00000164/A582s582/art00007 (299 words)

	Dyspepsia: Approach to the Patient with Upper GI Complaints: Merck Manual Professional
		Dyspepsia is a sensation of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen.
		Alternating constipation and diarrhea with dyspepsia suggests irritable bowel syndrome or abuse of over-the-counter laxatives or antidiarrheals.
		Alarm symptoms in dyspepsia include anorexia, nausea, emesis, weight loss, anemia, blood in the stools, dysphagia, odynophagia, and failure to respond to standard therapy such as H
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec02/ch007/ch007d.html (468 words)

	World J Gastroenterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Dyspepsia itself is not a diagnosis but stands for a constellation of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract.
		Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a heterogeneous disorder of yet unknown etiology.
		Functional dyspepsia: the role of visceral hypersensitivity in its pathogenesis.
	www.wjgnet.com /1007-9327/12/2656.asp (3170 words)

	Functional Dyspepsia
		Functional dyspepsia (FD) is defined as chronic upper, centered abdominal discomfort or pain excluding the predominant symptom, heartburn.
		Self-therapy of milder symptoms - dyspepsia and early ulcer-like symptoms consists of retreating to Alpha Nutrition Phase 1 foods, using brown rice instead of white rice with the option of taking tagamet or zantac as recommended by the manufacturer.
		Remember that the bedtime dose is very important because your stomach will spend 8 hours or more in a near-empty condition vulnerable to the action of accumulating acid.
	www.nutramed.com /digestion/dyspepsia.htm (586 words)

	- Coffee Science Information Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The vast majority of cases of dyspepsia or indigestion have no obvious explanation and are referred to as non-ulcer (or functional) dyspepsia.
		Surprisingly, dyspepsia symptoms were more prevalent in the 55 functional dyspepsia patients than in the 58 patients with duodenal ulcers.
		The suggestion that changes in gastric motor and sensory function might mediate any effects of coffee on dyspepsia is not supported by the findings that coffee has no effects on the function of the proximal stomach (13) or gastric emptying (14).
	www.cosic.org /coffee-and-health/gastrointestinal-function (950 words)

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