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Topic: Functional grammar

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Generative grammar

Systemic functional grammar

	Functional grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Functional grammar is the name given to any of a range of functionally-based approaches to the scientific study of language, such as the grammar model developed by Simon Dik or Michael Halliday's Systemic functional grammar; another important figure in recent linguistic functionalism is Talmy Givón.
		Because of its emphasis on usage, communicative function, and the social context of language, functional grammar differs significantly from other linguistic theories which stress purely formal approaches to grammar, for instance Chomskyan generative grammar.
		Functional grammar is strongly associated with the school of linguistic typology that takes its lead from the work of Joseph Greenberg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Functional_grammar (225 words)

	Systemic functional grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a grammar model developed by Michael Halliday.
		This is significantly different from the question asked by Noam Chomsky: "what is the finite rule system which generates all and only the grammatical sentences in a language?".
		Another way to understand the difference in concerns between functional and generative grammars is through Chomsky's claim that "linguistics is a sub-branch of psychology.".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Systemic_functional_grammar (147 words)

	Lexical functional grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a reaction to the direction research in the area of transformational grammar began to take in the 1970s.
		In technical terms, LFG rejects the "projection principle" characterising recent work in transformational grammar, which states that syntactic structures are direct representations of certain kinds of lexical information.
		A central goal is to create a model of grammar with a depth which appeals to linguists while at the same time being efficiently parseable and having the rigidity of formalism which computational linguists require.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lexical_Functional_Grammar (256 words)

	Functional Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Underlying the concept of Functional Grammar is the conviction that explanations of linguistic phenomena are most valuable if they are embedded within a cogent theory of grammar.
		Functional Grammar has now come to be recognized as a major force in world linguistics.
		All manuscripts are welcome that are relevant to the aim of the series, namely to determine to what extent Functional Grammar can offer explanations for a wide variety of linguistic phenomena, both language-specific and cross-linguistic, in terms of the conditions under which and the purposes for which language is used.
	home.hum.uva.nl /fg/publications_func_gram_contributions.html (328 words)

	[No title]
		As explorations in 'functional grammar' accumulate in volume and significance, it has become a standard tactic of supporters of sentence syntax to claim that the very study of discourse is an unreasonable agenda so long as any problems remain outstanding from the study of sentence level syntax.
		Grammar is hence not to be understood as a pre-requisite for discourse, a prior possession attributable in identical form to both speaker and hearer.
		Thus a grammar of a language is a model of the linguistic competence of the fluent native speaker of the language." (p.
	home.eserver.org /hopper/emergence.html (6025 words)

	SFG intro (Peng chapter) New
		Grammar is one of the subsystems of a language; more specifically, it is the system of wordings of a language.
		The generalization is that the grammars of Chinese and Japanese provide the resource for indicating how the speaker intends the addressee to take his/ her move in the dialogue as s/he is about to 'hand over' to the addressee.
		This also applies to the move from grammar to lexis: lexical organization can be investigated in terms of the categories of the grammatical part of the system; that is, grammar construes the general parameters in terms of which lexical distinctions are made.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /nlp/resource/VirtuallLibrary/Publications/sfg_firststep/SFG%20intro%20New.html (12520 words)

	Daily Telegraph: How functional grammar works
		It was "short-sighted" of the State Government to have banned the jargon of functional grammar -- vital to the progam -- without giving it a chance, he said.
		The spokesman said functional grammar jargon was "a load of nonsense".
		FUNCTIONAL grammar is not just a new type of jargon but another way of understanding sentences.
	minerva.ling.mq.edu.au /network/debates/DailyTelegraph.html (591 words)

	Analyzing English Grammar (pt.I)
		Functional elements of a given sentence can therefore be defined as being "non-crucial" for the actual transmission of communication.
		In additional to the Lexical vs. Functional category distinction at the morphological-inflection level, the same distinction holds at the word level: the distinction is labeled (i) Form Class word vs. (ii) Structure Class word.
		This is because the complement/object functions as a quasi-reflexive in conjunction with the nominal/subject.
	www.csun.edu /~galasso/completehandbook.htm (8809 words)

	TIC Talk 36 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Functional Grammar (FG) represented by Simon Dik of the University of Amsterdam is influential in Europe and was perhaps the first attempt to write a full-fledged grammar as an alternative to Chomsky's Standard Theory treatment of coordinate structures.
		The second major representative of the functional approach is the one advocated by Halliday (a student of Firth), and later by Fawcett and Berry.
		The functional approach elaborated by Talmy Givón is, as he himself notes, "heterogeneous." Along with drawing some basic ideas from the common roots of functionalism, Givón sees a close parallel to biology.
	www.ubs-translations.org /tictalk/tt36.html (5799 words)

	Functional Grammar
		WPFG appears on an irregular basis and functions as a platform for the prepublication of papers, either to provoke reactions with a view to later official publication, or to circulate ideas that will take at least a year to appear in print.
		The Functional Grammar conception of discourse anaphora : a (constructive) critique.
		The hierarchical structure of the clause and the typology of perception verb complements.
	home.hum.uva.nl /fg/publications_papers.html (500 words)

	SYMOGAM / Glossary of systemic functional terms
		For example, the function Actor may have the associated preselection 'nominal group', which means that once the structure of the clause of which Actor is a constituent has been fully defined, the grammar is re-entered and Actor is developed as a nominal group.
		Ideational grammar is often treated as semantics outside of systemic linguistics, while textual and interpersonal grammar are dealt with partly under the heading of pragmatics.
		Grammar is interpreted as a set of data structures and these are brought together, say in the specification of a sentence, by means of some kind of operation of unification.
	minerva.ling.mq.edu.au /resource/VirtuallLibrary/Glossary/sysglossary.htm (13921 words)

	The Grammatical Foundations of Style
		It is the function of the transitivity system to make these distinctions of meaning (Halliday 1967 and 1985).
		Because of the Transitivity system, we always recognize the key as an Instrument, no matter what the Mood system function of the noun phrase might be — part of an adverbial as in (1) or a subject as in (3).
		In its most basic form, the theme system divides the clause into two functional constituents, a theme (or what the clause is about) and a rheme (or what is said about it).
	papyr.com /hypertextbooks/engl_126/style1.htm (1471 words)

	Functional grammar in the language classroom
		Functional linguistics view grammar as a resource for communication.
		Language is functional, that is, it is purposeful so that we can get things done within our social context.
		There are parallels between Halliday and Hasan, who initiated the functional approach (grammar-semantics-pragmatics) and Diane Larson-Freeman, who has moved from generative grammar (i.e.
	www.language-literacy.org /functional.htm (996 words)

	Lexical-Functional Grammar: An Introduction to Parallel Constraint-Based Syntax
		This is a textbook introducing the syntactic theory of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) to people familiar with derivational theories such as Government/Binding theory and the Minimalist Program.
		It introduces the conceptual underpinning of the theory and its formal mechanisms, and develops a portion of a grammar of English.
		The emphasis throughout is on LFG as an alternative theory of syntax within the general framework of generative grammar.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /site/1575863405.html (182 words)

	University of Birmingham SoCS - Research in CS and AI - 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Grammars are treated as rules and lexicons as facts which are compiled into a Prolog form.
		So, for a grammar that includes left recursion, there needs to be a method of parsing with left recursive grammars included in the parser, but for a grammar without left recursion the inclusion of extra code would be wasteful.
		Grammar writers have to be provided with powerful editing and grammar development tools.
	www.cs.bham.ac.uk /research/CSAIreview/projects/node6.html (1265 words)

	Functional * Working With Functional Grammar ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Functional Analysis Proceedings of the First International Workshop Held at Trier University, Germany, September 26October 1, 19.
		Functional Analysis and Related Topics Proceedings of the International Symposium, Sapporo, Japan, 31 August4 September 1991.
		Density Functionals Theory and Applications Proceedings of the Tenth Chris Engelbrecht Summer School in Theoretical Physics Held.
	searchthebook.net /?sear_search=Functional (492 words)

	Grammar Formalisms
		A very advanced and wide-spread class of linguistic formalisms are the so-called constraint-based grammar formalisms which are also often subsumed under the term unification grammars.
		For some sizable grammars written in unification grammar formalisms, the development time was four years or less (TUG, CLE, TDL), whereas the development of large annotated phrase structure grammars had taken 8--12 years.
		The more a grammar is committed to a certain processing model, the less are the chances that it can be adapted to other processing models or new application areas.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /HLTsurvey/ch3node5.html (676 words)

	Basics of Functional Grammar for Discourse Analysis
		Structural organization is based on having elements of different kinds or functions (multi-variate) that are sequenced together to make a larger unit of meaning.
		In place of my terms: Presentational, Orientational, and Organizational, which are meant to apply to all semiotic resources, not just language, Halliday uses the terms Ideational, Interpersonal, and Textual for the most general kinds of meaning that can be made with a language.
		In his model, the grammar of a language can be described by telling how it can be used to make each of these kinds of meanings, and all the more specialized meanings that fall under these large categories (e.g.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jaylemke/courses/DA_MxM/basics_of__functional_grammar_.htm (756 words)

	Some notes on Systemic-Functional linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Systemic Functional (SF) theory views language as a social semiotic a resource people use to accomplish their purposes by expressing meanings in context.
		He argues that "grammar cannot be modeled as new sentences made out of old words a fixed stock of vocabulary in never to be repeated combination" (Halliday, 1985b, p.
		Of course, the study of texts is typically performed by examining elements of the lexicogrammar and phonology, but these smaller units must be viewed from the perspective of their contribution to the meanings expressed by the total text in context.
	www.public.iastate.edu /%7Ecarolc/LING511/sfl.html (1043 words)

	Modern English Grammar: A Functional Linguistic Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It is intended for use in undergraduate and graduate university courses in English grammar for future teachers.
		The book is grounded in Functional Linguistics (British Systemic Grammar in particular) but, where possible, uses terminology that has grown out of the tradition of grammar teaching in the United States of America.
		Send me an e-mail message [jpbroder@odu.edu] if you are interested in learning how you can receive either electronic versions of these chapters, or a plastic-ring-bound hard copy of the entire manuscript in its current state of completion.
	web.odu.edu /al/jpbroder/egpc.html (310 words)

	A Grammar Writer's Cookbook
		A Grammar Writer's Cookbook is an introduction to the issues involved in the writing and design of computational grammars, reporting on experiences and analyses within the ParGram parallel grammar development project.
		Using the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) framework, this project implemented grammars for German, French, and English to cover parallel corpora.
		For example, the French grammar writer should be able to understand the logic underlying the implementation of the German grammar.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /site/1575861704.html (187 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This includes strengthening the grammar through the use of data from a large-scale corpus, upgrading the description throughout, and giving greater emphasis to the systemic perspective, in which grammaticalization is understood in the context of an overall model of language.
		The description of grammar is grounded in a comprehensive theory, but it is a theory which evolves in the process of being applied.
		Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar, now in its revised and improved Second Edition, is the best book you can read if you want to understand how English grammar is a resource for making meaning.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0340761679 (478 words)

	Urdu Parallel Grammar Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The LFG PARGRAM project is a collaborative effort involving researchers from Xerox PARC in Palo Alto, California, the University of Stuttgart in Stuttgart, Germany, the University of Bergen in Bergen, Norway, Fuji Xerox in Tokyo, Japan, and the University of Konstanz.
		The aim of the project is to produce wide coverage grammars for English, French, German, Norwegian, Japanese, and Urdu which are written collaboratively, based on a common set of linguistic principles, with a commonly-agreed-upon set of grammatical features.
		This structure, in conjunction with inside-out functional uncertainty is used to derive the complex case marking patterns and alternations found in Urdu.
	ling.uni-konstanz.de /pages/home/butt/pargram/index.html (313 words)

	Constituent Coordination in Lexical-Functional Grammar - Kaplan (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		On this theory LFG's fiat, unstructured sets are nsed as the functional representation of coordinate constructleas.
		l"unction application is extended to sets by treating a set tbrmally as the generalization of its functional elmnents.
		A functional uncertainty constraint takes the form f = y and has the solutions (f = y) fff 2 ASS[I] j 9n 0: f) ff(x)...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /kaplan89constituent.html (366 words)

	Grammar without functional categories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The paper considers the notion `functional category' and concludes that, at least as far as overt words are concerned, the notion is ill-founded.
		First, none of the definitions that have been offered (in terms of function words, closed classes or non-thematicity) are satisfactory, because they either define a continuum when we need a sharp binary distinction, or they conflict with the standard examples.
		And second, the two most commonly quoted examples of word classes that are functional categories cannot even be justified as word classes.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/dick/funccat.htm (192 words)

	Grammar Writer's Workbench for Lexical Functional Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Below, the F-structures (sets of pairs of attributes and values; attributes may be features, such as tense and gender, or functions, such as subject and object.) are mapped out, and properties such as tense and subject are delineated.
		The name of the theory emphasizes an important difference between LFG and the Chomskyan tradition from which it developed: many phenomena are thought to be more naturally analysed in terms of grammatical functions as represented in the lexicon or in f-structure, rather than on the level of phrase structure.
		Grammatical functions are not derived from phrase structure configurations, but are represented at the parallel level of functional structure (site).
	www.tomashoffman.com /academics/cogsci2/assignments/assignment01/grammar_writer.html (327 words)

	Research team Research Group Functional Linguistics: Grammar, Diachrony, and Typology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Between direct and indirect speech or thought: a functional typology of intermediate types of speech...
		Categorization and instantiation in the nominal group: a functional approach to the English nominal...
		A functional, lexicogrammatical description of the English nominal group.
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /research/researchdatabase/researchteam/50410063.htm (177 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Semantics and Syntax in Lexical Functional Grammar: The Resource Logic Approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A new, deductive approach to the syntax-semantics interface integrates two mature and successful lines of research: logical deduction for semantic composition and the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) approach to the analysis of linguistic structure.
		It is often referred to as the "glue" approach because of the role of logic in "gluing" meanings together.
		Mary Dalrymple is a member of the research staff at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Consulting Associate Professor of Linguistics at Stanford University, and a Researcher at the Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0262041715 (389 words)

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