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	Neuroimaging - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the brain.
		Functional imaging is used to diagnose metabolic diseases and lesions on a finer scale (such as Alzheimer's disease) and also for neurological and cognitive science research and building brain-computer interfaces.
		Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was born, and since the 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate the brain mapping field due to its low invasiveness, lack of radiation exposure, and relatively wide availability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neuroimaging (1805 words)

	Functional Neuroimaging of Sleep and Wake States: National Sleep Disorders Research Plan, 2003, NCSDR, NHLBI, NIH
		Although the physiological and adaptive functions of sleep remain to be clarified, it is clear that sleep and wakefulness are neurologically mediated.
		- Functional neuroimaging techniques (primarily PET) reveal that NREM sleep is associated with deactivation of centrencephalic regions (brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia) and multimodal association cortices (e.g., prefrontal and superior temporal/inferior parietal regions).
		Such studies are needed to (1) determine the effects of sensory and cognitive demands on subsequent levels and patterns of regional brain activity during both sleep and wakefulness and as a function of state changes, and (2) to establish the functional neuroanatomy of sleep, wakefulness, alertness, and cognitive capability.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /health/prof/sleep/res_plan/section3/section3.html (931 words)

	Functional neuroimaging - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.
		Functional connectivity analyses allow the characterization of interregional neural interactions during particular cognitive or motor tasks or merely from spontaneous activity during rest.
		Functional neuroimaging draws on data from many areas other than cognitive neuroscience, including biological sciences (such as neuroanatomy and neurophysiology), physics and maths, to further develop and refine the technology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Functional_neuroimaging (618 words)

	Brain Imaging Symposium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dr. Rauch is one of the leading clinical neuroscience researchers in the study of normal and pathological fear and anxiety and is a pioneer in the use of functional brain imaging in the study of emotion.
		He is one of the pioneers of employing the cross-function approach to functional neuroimaging that allows the understanding of how a given brain region can be activated by a variety of cognitive functions.
		Identifying operations in cognitive mechanisms has been a major challenge because a smoothly functioning mechanism does not generally reveal its operations and most accounts of neural processes are at too low a level of organization to help identify the operations that figure at the relevant level in explaining cognitive functions.
	www.missouri.edu /~pcl/BIS/speakers.php (1927 words)

	History of Stastistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) in Functional Neuroimaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		However, the interest in functional connectivity gave rise to the notion of effective connectivity (the influence that one neural system exerts over another); A notion that was championed by the pioneering work of Randy Mackintosh using structural equation modeling.
		In the early years functional neuroimaging was undertaken by small groups of experts who happen to be in the right place at the right time and have the right eclectic mix of expertise.
		In summary, functional neuroimaging has had an impact on almost every neuroscience field in a way which has been constructive because it draws people in, and enables them to address the questions posed in their disparate fields.
	www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk /spm/doc/history.html (4534 words)

	Neuroimaging
		Functional MRI (fMRI) using endogenous blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is a well established technique for mapping human brain function, which is being used extensively in human neuroscience research and is rapidly entering clinical practice.
		The availability of such high-resolution spatio-temporal functional neuroimaging technology would provide an important advancement in brain research, and improve clinical diagnosis and management of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
		We have been investigating the multi-modality functional imaging strategies by fusing EEG and fMRI measurements, and developing new methods for analyzing the complex spatiotemporal dynamics based on measurements of scalp EEG, inverse reconstruction of current density and integrated analysis of EEG and fMRI.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~binhe/neuroimaging.htm (648 words)

	Talk Abstract:Clinical applications of functional neuroimaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Functional imaging refers to methodology used to image tissue function rather than anatomical structure.
		In basic and clinical neuroscience, functional neuroimaging methods promise not only to provide new understanding of normal brain function, but also to improve the diagnosis and management of patients with diseases of the central nervous system.
		However, in many instances, a surrogate marker for the parameter of interest is measured, for example blood flow as a surrogate marker for task-specific functional brain activation.
	www.ima.umn.edu /summerstat/wkshp_abstracts/detre1.html (209 words)

	Terra Cognita: From functional neuroimaging to the map of the mind
		The literature of cognitive neuroscience begins and ends with the hypothesis that anatomically identified brain parts have dedicated functions, and that the brain is an assembly of modular specialists.
		A region may be recruited to join a subnetwork to compute one function, and later recruited to a different subnet to compute a different function.
		That is, where we judge two functions to be antecedently similar, we may expect the activation space to somehow reflect that similarity, and our new MDS'd map to reveal some of that structure.
	www.trincoll.edu /~dlloyd/terra.html (6285 words)

	Neuroimaging Summary
		In the mid-1980s functional neuroimaging began to play an increasingly important role in enhancing our understanding of the organization of memory in the human brain.
		Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain.
		The distinction is now made between MRI imaging and functional imaging since the brain's function rather than the brain's structure is of interest.
	www.bookrags.com /Neuroimaging (2443 words)

	MSc Functional Neuroimaging
		This is one of the most exciting and rapidly developing areas of research in the world, and this MSc course gives you the opportunity to be a part of it.
		The modules teach firstly the principles of functional neuroimaging, with a practical component involving designing, conducting and analysing imaging data; and secondly the structure and function of the human brain.
		The course is suitable for those completing a first degree, or established researchers moving into functional imaging research from other disciplines.
	www.brunel.ac.uk /about/acad/sssl/ssslresearch/centres/ccni/ccni_msc (211 words)

	UM Functional Neuroimaging Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This course is intended to be a follow-up to the "Introduction to Functional MRI" course.
		Each week a current paper from the field of neuroimaging will be presented in depth by a student who is registered for credit.
		Students as well as faculty with an interest in neuroimaging are encouraged to attend even if they're not registered or if they have taken the class before.
	www.umich.edu /~fmri/fng.html (204 words)

	Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory
		The FNL’s mission is to use functional neuroimaging and behavioral techniques to increase our understanding and treatment of psychiatric illness with an emphasis on schizophrenia.
		Schweitzer’s research interests include the early identification and treatment of psychopathology in children (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and young adults using functional neuroimaging and behavioral methods.
		Dr. Rowland's research interests include the integration of neuroimaging techniques (1H-MRS, fMRI, and DTI) to study schizophrenia, corticolimbic function in schizophrenia, and the effects of NMDAR hypofunction on behavior and brain physiology.
	www.mprc.umaryland.edu /fnl.htm (272 words)

	Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, and explicit memory retrieval -- Buckner and Koutstaal 95 (3): ...
		Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, and explicit memory retrieval -- Buckner and Koutstaal 95 (3): 891 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		This paper was presented at a colloquium entitled "Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function," organized by Michael Posner and Marcus E. Raichle, held May 29-31, 1997, sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, CA.
		Functional neuroimaging studies of memory encoding were first conducted serendipitously (see discussions in refs.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/3/891 (6716 words)

	Neuroimaging - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Neuroimaging - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		There is now an extensive research effort focused on integrating the finding from neuroimaging techniques into a central knowledge structure.
		Neuroimaging was honored in a US Postal Service Stamp
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Neuroimaging (1899 words)

	Department of Psychiatry
		A critical long-term goal of this work is to develop the capability to use functional neuroimaging as adjunct assessment in clinical evaluation of individual patients with chronic pain disorders.
		Neuroimaging studies of expectancy, placebo and verum acupuncture analgesia: This project uses quantitative brain imaging methods (fMRI and PET [11C]diprenorphine opioid receptor binding) to investigate the neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture analgesia, placebo analgesia and their interrelationship.
		To meet the need for a didactic curricular support for the rapidly advancing field of functional neuroimaging technologies and their applications, the Laboratory organized and led a team of peer colleagues in the development and implementation of this multi-disciplinary, graduate level semester course.
	www.massgeneral.org /allpsych/PsychNeuro/labfunctionalstructural.asp (818 words)

	Functional Neuroimaging of Substance Abuse Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is widely believed that one factor contributing to relapse of opioid use is the opioid withdrawal syndrome.
		Neuroimaging studies that have attempted to elucidate the neuroanatomical correlates of opioids have done so using drugs such as morphine, buprenorphine, and butorphanol.
		However, the most important drug that is abused is heroin; but due to its not only controlled, but illegal status it has been impossible to carry out studies of the effects of heroin proper.
	pni.unibe.ch /DrugNeuro.htm (277 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Functional Neuroimaging of Visual Cognition (Attention & Performance): Books: Nancy Kanwisher,John Duncan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The latest volume in the critically acclaimed and highly influential Attention and Performance series focuses on the role that functional neuroimaging plays in visual cognition.
		Functional neuroimaging has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the brain, and has been one of the most important tools in cognitive neuroscience.
		At the same time, the full power of neuroimaging can be realized only if there is convergence with theories based on other approaches including computational modelling, behavioural experiments, and electrophysiology in the behaving animal.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Functional-Neuroimaging-Cognition-Attention-Performance/dp/0198528450 (907 words)

	Basic and Clinical Neurosciences \| Topics and Speakers \| Joy Hirsch, PhD
		Conceptually, functional neuroimaging emerges from the hypothesis of functional specificity, which holds that specific brain areas are dedicated to specific functions.
		Given this topographic relationship, studying the patterns of brain activation in functional neuroimaging allows scientists to localize certain functions in specific brain regions.
		Functional neuroimaging also offers hope for improved understanding of the neurocircuitry of fear and anxiety disorders.
	cumc.columbia.edu /dept/cme/neuroscience/speakers/speaker_hirsch.html (255 words)

	Finding Related Functional Neuroimaging Volumes (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Abstract: We describe a content-based image retrieval technique for nding related functional neuroimaging experiments by voxelization of sets of stereotactic coordinates in Talairach space, comparing the volumes and reporting related volumes in a sorted list.
		4 Functional anatomical studies of explicit and implicit memor..
		1 a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /532719.html (522 words)

	Amazon.com: Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition, 2nd Edition (Cognitive Neuroscience): Books: Roberto ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The contributions are first rate and provide an excellent survey of current research on functional neuroimaging of cognition while capturing the excitement of new developments.
		This essential resource on neuroimaging provides an accessible and user-friendly introduction to the field written by leading researchers.
		The book describes theoretical and methodological developments in the use of functional neuroimaging techniques to study the neural basis of cognition, from early scientific efforts to link brain and behavior to the latest applications of fMRI and PET methods.
	www.amazon.com /Functional-Neuroimaging-Cognition-Cognitive-Neuroscience/dp/0262033445 (1436 words)

	Finding related functional neuroimaging volumes
		We describe a content-based image retrieval technique for finding related functional neuroimaging experiments by voxelization of sets of stereotactic coordinates in Talairach space, comparing the volumes and reporting related volumes in a sorted list.
		Lloyd, D. Terra cognita: From functional neuroimaging to the map of the mind.
		Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks.
	www2.imm.dtu.dk /~fn/Nielsen2002Finding (4063 words)

	Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania
		The Center for Functional Neuroimaging (CfN) provides support for functional neuroimaging research at the University of Pennsylvania.
		In addition to providing administrative support for initiatives in development, education and training, the CfN advances technical capabilities for functional neuroimaging and provides technical support for functional neuroimaging users through committees and mailing lists, comprised of members with specific expertise, and one-on-one office hour appointments with CfN faculty.
		CfN website offerings include investigator profiles, talks and events of interest, studies needing volunteers, resources and technical information, information pertaining to critical regulatory issues, streaming video of popular courses and instruction, jobs/resume postings, travel stipend awards and sponsored MRI scan time awards.
	www.cfn.upenn.edu (194 words)

	UAB - CIRC - Neuroimaging
		Until very recently it was technically impossible to explore the function of the mind and disabilities that present with mental dysfunction.
		Recent advances in medical imaging technology such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are now closing this gap, allowing not only high resolution imaging of the structures involved in cognitive function, but also the study of their functionality.
		To serve as a state-of-the-art research laboratory that fosters the advancement of functional magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy technique development for neurosciences, neuro-developmental and cognitive applications, CNS diagnostics, and Glial biology research.
	circ-uab.infomedia.com /content.asp?id=112162 (298 words)

	Neuroimaging Links
		It contains a tutorial and 21 cases with functional and structural images.
		Brief Introduction to FMRI - A brief introduction of FRMRI from Dr. Steve Smith of the Oxford University Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain.
		Researchers employ Positron Emission Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and other non-invasive imaging techniques to study the function of the living human brain.
	www.neuropsychologycentral.com /interface/content/links/page_material/imaging/imaging_links.html (675 words)

	Functional neuroimaging in unconscious states \| Science & Consciousness Review
		PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We discuss the problems of evidence-based neurorehabilitation in disorders of consciousness, and recent functional neuroimaging data obtained in the vegetative state and minimally conscious state.
		Electrophysiological and functional imaging studies have been shown to be useful in measuring residual brain function in noncommunicative brain-damaged patients.
		Integration of multimodal neuroimaging techniques should eventually improve our ability to disentangle differences in outcome on the basis of underlying mechanisms and better guide our therapeutic options in the challenging patient populations encountered following severe acute brain damage.
	sci-con.org /2006/12/functional-neuroimaging-in-unconscious-states (369 words)

	Functional Neuroimaging
		That is, structural brain damage, such as a tumor, can produce either obliteration of the function normally subserved by that portion, or it can heighten the function of that portion of the brain.
		Additionally, one can have normal brain structure (at least to the limit of current technology) and have markedly abnormal function (that is, areas of the brain that are normal structurally, but are "off-line" functionally).
		SPECT imaging in recently detoxified alcoholics as a function of the pattern of prior use
	www.musc.edu /fnrd/11601function.htm (992 words)

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