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	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 03.06.17
		Thus a central problem confronting functionalist interpreters, as we have seen, is one of establishing the contingency of the vitality and mentality of an animal's constituent matter.
		Functionalist interpreters must accept, on Aristotle's behalf, the contingency of this fact insofar as functionalism is a form of materialism.
		Since functionalist interpreters are already under obligation to establish in general that the materials in which psychological attributes are realized are only contingently so characterized, they lose nothing and only gain if the disputed doctrines fall on the formal/intentional side and not on the material/physiological side.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1992/03.06.17.html (5655 words)

	Notes on Structural Functionalism and Parsons
		Conflict approaches also developed, partly in reaction to the consensus view of functionalists, and partly because functionalism was not able to explain the new social movements and developments in North America and the rest of the world.
		Functionalists generally argue that a certain degree of inequality is functional for the society as a whole, and the society could not operate without a certain degree of inequality.
		Functionalists argue that societies are generally in a normal state of affairs, with the different parts functioning smoothly to contribute to the operation of the society.
	uregina.ca /~gingrich/n2f99.htm (6036 words)

	Place of Process - David C. Berliner
		The functionalists were interested in the how and why of mental operations (their functioning) more than the what of mental life (the content of conscious experience).
		The criteria-of-effectiveness approach to research-this outstanding, achievement of functionalist psychology-can be used as a framework for examining the contemporary research on teacher thinking (e.g., teacher planning, teachers' interactive thoughts and decisions, and teachers' theories and beliefs).
		It is the functionalist, however, who takes pride in seeing that the two apparently disparate strands of research are a whole, providing all that is necessary for designing better matches of people and environments.
	courses.ed.asu.edu /berliner/readings/process.htm (7280 words)

	Week 7: Functionalist Approaches
		Functionalist explanations, like other sociological models such as labeling or conflict theory, look at the implications of crime and crime control policies, rather than directly attempting to explain the causes of criminal behavior.
		The major distinction between functionalist and all other theories of crime causation is the former's apparent positive view of deviant behavior.
		This is one of the major weaknesses of the functionalist (and all sociological) approaches.
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/week7.htm (2763 words)

	Chapter 4: Sociological Perspectives: The Order and Conflict Model
		Functionalists tend to express concern about majority / minority relationships because of their potential to cause serious disruption of society.
		A Functionalist might argue that consensus is "necessary" and is, therefore, automatically something desired by all concerned.
		Functionalist would argue that ethnocentrism in moderation is functional for a society.
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/rlong/race/far-04.htm (4118 words)

	LINGUIST List 11.57: Newmeyer: Language Form & Language Function
		It is also worth noting that, despite functionalist claims to the contrary, there is a long standing tradition in generative linguistics of the study between syntactic structure and semantic/pragmatic principles.
		He observes first that despite functionalist claims to the contrary, linguistic typology is of interest to both functionalists and formalists, particular given recent advances in parametric variation in principles and parameters syntax.
		I am not in a position to evaluate the accuracy of N's representation of functionalist theories, but he is soundly critical of all but the most robust of their claims and generalizations.
	linguistlist.org /issues/11/11-57.html (3630 words)

	Functionalist and conflict views of AICPA Code of Conduct: Public interest vs.
		The functionalist view of the profession is so named because it originates from the functionalist school of socio-anthropology, specifically the work of Talcott Parsons (1954).
		Functionalists see the professions "as a positive force in social development, standing against the excesses of both laissez-faire individualism and state collectivism" (Johnson: p.
		An adherent to the functionalist model would assume that codes of ethics are formulated by professional groups because the code is "the institutional manifestation of the `service ideal"'.
	construct.haifa.ac.il /~danielp/soc/conflict.htm (5872 words)

	Functionalism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The early functionalist theories of Putnam (1960, 1967) can be seen as a response to the difficulties facing behaviorism as a scientific psychological theory, and as an endorsement of the (new) computational theories of mind which were becoming increasingly significant rivals to it.
		Functionalists have suggested, however (Shoemaker, 2001), that there is a way of understanding the conditions under which beliefs can be caused by, and thus be about, one's second-order functional states that permits mental states and introspective beliefs about them to be non-circularly defined.
		Whereas even analytic functionalists hold that mental states are implicitly defined in terms of their (causal or probabilistic) roles in producing behavior, these critics take mental states, or at least intentional states, to be implicitly defined in terms of their roles in rationalizing, or making sense of, behavior.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/functionalism (9367 words)

	Understanding materialist mind
		The functionalist theories are the more recent ones, and these seem to work better than the mind-brain identity theories, but they are still controversial and incomplete.
		This means that the functionalist theory will claim that the various mental states such as feeling a pain or thinking of one's childhood are "nothing more than" various functional states of the physical organism--typically thought of as functional states of the organism's brain.
		So, the challenge faced by a materialist functionalist theory of the mind is to explain exactly how mental states can be understood to be nothing more than functional states of the organism.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /kfmachin/phi101/understanding_materialist_mind.htm (1552 words)

	[No title]
		I think every functionalist would make a slightly different statement (which is why we tend to resist calling ourselves a "theory" with a catchy acronym), but I can't resist the opportunity to mention the chapter by me & Yoshi Ono: Cumming, Susanna & Tsuyoshi Ono (1996).
		In it, I lay out what I see as the differences between functionalist and generativist approaches and argue that the autonomy of language structure is compatible with central aspects of that structure being functionally motivated.
		But while there are functionalists who attempt to explain everything in discourse terms, this can't be taken as a definition of functionalism, unless we want to exclude the likes of Givon or Bybee or Heine from that label.
	www.uiowa.edu /intlinet/unijos/departments/linguistics/lingsum1.txt (1956 words)

	Green Accounting Theory behind Green Gameboard
		Functionalist accounting sustains an optimism in the progress of technology to find solutions to air pollution, toxic water, eroding top soil, and species diversity decline.
		Yet, from a postmodern perspective, the numbers of the functionalists and the social dialogue processes of the communitarians can both yield a false consciousness, a universal and totalizing claim that business behavior and techno solutions are realizing gains in sustainability on a local and global level.
		Narrow functionalist accounting models with a focus in instrumental cost accounting and limitations in what is easily measurable or what is measurable with the least controversy allow a totalized story of the sustainable firm to be told to investors, customers, and regulators.
	web.nmsu.edu /~dboje/TDgreenlinks.html (7096 words)

	TERN-Radical Functionalist View
		Radical functionalists share fundamental assumptions that buttress functionalism but are committed to the overthrow of social structures that build false consciousness.
		Education construed from within a radical functionalist perspective would focus on the commodification of education, the corporate penetration of colleges and universities and corporate aspirations concerning education and the "wired world."
		An example of a radical functionalist perspective on technology and education are Noble’s (1997; 1998; 1998a) Web postings concerning online learning and education.
	www.edst.educ.ubc.ca /tern/Map/radFunct.htm (836 words)

	Why is this Night Different from All Other Nights
		A functionalist analysis of the seder begins with the somewhat loaded deck of data which which I began: the actual practice of the seder among Jews.
		To a functionalist, the anomalous success of the ritual is perhaps its most salient feature, because it -- rather than something about the particular symbols of the evening or the structure of the ritual itself -- most begs explanation.
		Insofar as these two relatively minor phenomena are "religious," it is clear that the functionalist approach explains things that a symbolic approach cannot; if it is all symbolism, and the resonant meanings of those symbols, then it is somewhat odd that some symbols thrive in one place but not in another.
	www.metatronics.net /lit/kaplan.html (3345 words)

	Clasical and COnnectionist Models - Eric Lormand
		This means that a functionalist about a mental state or event M must specify the causal relations-- the M-role--taken to be necessary and sufficient for a state or event token m to be of type M.
		Functionalists typically hope that as cognitive science develops, they will be better able to specify these generalizations and laws, and so will be able to specify in greater detail which functional types are identical with which mental types.
		The standard hypothesis is that there are physical state or event tokens which satisfy the functionalist's causal generalizations and laws, and are therefore tokens of mental types.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~lormand/phil/cogsci/diss_ch0.htm (9214 words)

	Taiwan's International Status - Taiwan and the Functionalist Model
		According to Functionalists, it is the problem itself that defines the form of administration within which it is to be solved.
		The use of a Functionalist approach does not necessarily imply the total exclusion of the state as an actor in international politics.
		The employment of a Functionalist model nevertheless allows a concurrent analysis of state-to-state relations, as well as the analysis of relations between non-state actors and seems to be the most appropriate tool for analysing Taiwan?s foreign relations.
	www.geocities.com /apapadimos/Taiwan_Pages/Functionalism_Explained.htm (1002 words)

	Neil Tennant
		The functionalist does not follow the logical behaviorist's strategy of trying to state, locally as it were, the behavioral dispositions in which occupancy of such a state consists.
		Thus the functionalist would ascribe a mental make-up (even: consciousness) to any behavioral duplicate of a human being, be it an artifact with a `brain' of silicon chips, or an extraterrestrial creature with a radically different biology.
		There is no reason, on the functionalist's view, to refrain from saying that chimpanzees are conscious, or that extraterrestrials with radically different sensory modalities and behavioral repertoires are.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /tennant9/101_functionalism.html (783 words)

	The Non Sequitur of Block's Functionalist Critique
		Functionalists ostensibly claim that this difference forces behaviorism to be “guilty of liberalism —ascribing mental properties to things that do not in fact have them” (232).
		By two related examples, Block attempts to demonstrate that functionalism is guilty of liberalism in exactly the same way; that is, the functionalist definition of mind is satisfied by systems which ‘clearly’ possess no mind at all.
		But this correspondence is not limited to the functionalist viewpoint; it is typical of any materialist position whatsoever.
	homepages.nyu.edu /~rpm213/Docs/Block.html (826 words)

	Functionalism (sociology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In fact, while Durkheim is widely considered the most important functionalist of the classical theorists, it is well-known that much of his analysis was culled from reading Spencer's work, especially his Principles of Sociology (1874-96).
		Robert Merton was a functionalist and he fundamentally agreed with Parsons’ theory, however he acknowledged that it was problematic, believing that it was too generalised [Holmwood, 2005:100].
		Anthony Giddens argues that functionalist explanations may all be rewritten as historical accounts of individual human actions and consequences (see Structuration theory).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Functionalist (4355 words)

	Was Aristotle really a Functionalist
		Psychology, then, according to the functionalist is the study of the structure of these internal states, not just the identification of the dispositions for which they are responsible.
		This seems to be a flat contradiction of his 1988 claim that functionalism is a form a constitutionalism, and that constitutionalism is an inadequate characterization of Aristotle's position.
		Aristotle, then, might be considered to have been a functionalist in the limited sense that he did not believe it to be possible to explain life and mind in reductive physiological terms.
	www.yorku.ca /christo/papers/aristotl.htm (2677 words)

	Matt McCormick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Functionalist readings of Kant have focused their attention on the theory of synthesis that contains Kant’s division of mental labor into more rudimentary tasks that are necessary for consciousness to occur.
		And the functionalist reading also helps to rescue Kant’s theory of mind from the ravages of positivist and anti-internalist readings like Strawson’s that dismiss Kant’s analyses of the processes that produce consciousness as speculative and unverifiable.
		The functionalist reading gives Kant’s theory of synthesis a degree of legitimacy that was not possible in the era of behaviorism and positivism about the mind.
	www.csulb.edu /~cwallis/conference/webpage/McCormick.html (343 words)

	Gods Must be Crazy SOCIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONALIST THEORY(15:52) VideoSift
		These are the functionalist, the conflict, and the symbolic interactionist perspectives.
		Functionalists identify the structural characteristics and functions and dysfunctions of institutions, and distinguish between manifest functions and latent functions.
		Functionalists also typically assume that most members of a society share a consensus regarding their core beliefs and values.
	www.videosift.com /story.php?id=10800 (584 words)

	Minority Studies - Test # 2
		Functionalists are concerned about the potential for serious disruption in society.
		Discuss the synthesis between the functionalist and conflict perspective.
		Discuss culture of poverty and welfare policy from a functionalist and conflict theory point of view.
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/rlong/race/q2.htm (470 words)

	Karel Teige: functionalist and then some: the first exhibition in the U.S. of a leading Czech modernist illuminates the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Karel Teige: functionalist and then some: the first exhibition in the U.S. of a leading Czech modernist illuminates the intellectual landscape of interwar Prague while adding new dimensions to the histories of design, architectural theory and the international style Art in America - Find Articles
		Karel Teige: functionalist and then some: the first exhibition in the U.S. of a leading Czech modernist illuminates the intellectual landscape of interwar Prague while adding new dimensions to the histories of design, architectural theory and the international style
		In latter-day discussions of architecture of the 1920s and '30s, at least among those aware of anything else Czech besides Mies van der Rohe's Tugendhat House, Teige's name would sometimes flash by in generalizations about "functionalism"--as if that were synonymous with modernism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_12_89/ai_80747836 (680 words)

	Minarchy: A Functionalist Argument for Limited Government
		I'm a functionalist -- in a broader sense than the variety discussed in philosophy of mind.
		But such such security agencies are institutions requiring force or the threat of it to accomplish their essential functions.
		Now, simple functional definitions such as mine often come at a cost; in this case, the cost is accepting that private security agents are governments even though that doesn't fit well with the popular preconception of government.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/KVC/minarch.htm (3112 words)

	What is Functionalism? Functionalism is one of the major proposals that have been offered as solutions to the mind/body ...
		Conceptual functionalists avoid this problem by defining each mental state in terms of its contribution to dispositions to behave--and have other mental states.
		The upshot is that the functionalist needs a way of individuating mental states that is less fine-grained than appeal to the whole theory, a molecularist characterization.
		Even if one is optimistic about solving this problem in the case of pain by finding something functional in common to all pains, one cannot assume that success will transfer to beliefs or meanings, for success in the case of meaning and belief may involve an analytic/synthetic distinction (Fodor and LePore, 1992).
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/philo/faculty/block/papers/functionalism.html (4444 words)

	Functionalism (psychology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet2.scs.cs.nyu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Functionalism is the philosophical underpinning of much empirical research in psychology and cognitive science; however, as research goes on the functionalist approach is continually criticised for its shortcomings.
		The notion that Kate and her twin can have two different qualia (the experience of experience) but remain functionally indifferent clearly demonstrates that functionalism is not robust enough to explain individual differences in qualia.
		Block (1980) also argues against the functionalist proposal of multiple realizability, where hardware implementation is irrelevant because only the functional level is important.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Functionalism_(psychology) (1610 words)

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