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Topic: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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	Connecticut's Heritage Gateway
		For two years before the adoption of the Fundamental Orders by the Connecticut General Court on January 14, 1638/39, the three river towns cooperated under a simple form of government that was composed of magistrates and representatives from each town, but the towns had no formal instrument of government.
		No religious test was established for voting, the Orders omitted all reference to the authority of the crown, and the General Court was given supreme authority over the towns and their inhabitants.
		While the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut cannot probably be considered a constitution in the modern sense, the Orders, nevertheless, served as the basis for government in Connecticut until 1662.
	www.ctheritage.com /encyclopedia/ctto1763/fundorders.htm (442 words)

	Connecticut - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, a set of laws drawn up by the people of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield in 1639, served as the colony’s first constitution.
		Connecticut’s local government units are called towns, although, as in New England generally, they are quite similar to townships elsewhere in the nation and may include several incorporated and unincorporated communities.
		Connecticut elects two U.S. senators and five members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761558334___79/Connecticut.html (515 words)

	Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
		The Fundamental Orders were adopted by the Connecticut council on January 14, 1639.
		Connecticut was very much a common law creature, in that court decisions were viewed as creating precedent, and were documented in Court Orders.
		In one sense, the Fundamental Orders were replaced by a Royal Charter in 1662.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/f/fu/fundamental_orders_of_connecticut.html (444 words)

	Fundamental Orders — Infoplease.com
		Fundamental Orders, in U.S. history, the basic law of the Connecticut colony from 1639 to 1662, formally adopted (Jan. 14, 1639) by representatives from the towns of Hartford, Wethersfield, and Windsor, meeting at Hartford.
		The main concern of the Fundamental Orders was the welfare of the community; the individual always had to give way if the needs of the community at large so required.
		The charter of Connecticut in 1662 superseded and was largely based on the Fundamental Orders.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0819884.html (507 words)

	Constitional History of Connecticut
		The first proposition—that the “Fundamental Orders” were “made and adopted by the people in mass meeting-”—seems to be contradicted by the “Orders” themselves, and by all the probabilities and circumstances then existing.
		If the Fundamental Orders were a compact entered into and adopted by certain magistrates and committees acting as representatives of the three towns of Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield, then it was a confederation, like that of the colonies after the Revolutionary War.
		When they came to Connecticut it was by permission of the Massachusetts court, and as town organizations, and these were recognized and continued as such in their new homes, in the Massachusetts commission; when the latter expired these town organizations did not die with the commission, but continued on in full life.
	history.rays-place.com /const-1.htm (2760 words)

	Connecticut's Heritage Gateway
		In the late nineteenth century the historical popularizer and Connecticut native son John Fiske wrote that the Fundamental Orders were "the First written constitution known to history, that created a government and it [sic] marked the beginnings of American democracy....
		Nevertheless, the ill-informed Johnston contended that in the context of the Federal Constitutional Convention of 1787, Connecticut's "combination of commonwealth and town rights had worked so simply and naturally that her delegates were quite prepared to suggest a similar combination of national and state rights as the foundation of the new government...
		The Fundamental Orders, The Charter of 1662, and the Constitution of 1818.
	www.ctheritage.org /biography/colonialperiod/fundorders.htm (908 words)

	Connecticut - MSN Encarta
		The Fundamental Orders and one of the two original copies of the 1662 charter are on display at the Connecticut State Library in Hartford.
		A number of cultural festivals are held in all parts of Connecticut during the summer and fall.
		Connecticut does not hold a state fair but participates in the Eastern States Exposition, or the Big E, a gathering of entertainment, exhibits, and shows from the six New England states held in September in West Springfield, Massachusetts.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558334_9/Connecticut.html (666 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
		The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut is a short document, but contains some principles that were later applied in creating the United States government.
		Government is based in the rights of an individual, and the orders spell out some of those rights, as well as how they are ensured by the government.
		In one sense, the Fundamental Orders were replaced by a Royal Charter in 1662, but the major outline of the charter was written in Connecticut and embodied the Orders' rights and mechanics.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut (637 words)

	Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Connecticut was very much a common law creature in that court decisions were as creating precedent and were documented in Orders.
		In one sense the Fundamental Orders were by a Royal Charter in 1662.
		Today the individual rights in the Orders others added over the years are still as a Declaration of Rights in the first article of the Connecticut Constitution adopted in 1965.
	www.freeglossary.com /Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut (653 words)

	The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. 1909-14. American Historical Documents, 1000-1904. The Harvard Classics
		[These “Orders” were adopted by a popular convention of the three towns of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield, on January 14, 1639.
		It is Ordered, sentenced and decreed, that to the aforesaid Court of Election the several Towns shall send their deputies, and when the Elections are ended they may proceed in any public service as at other Courts.
		In which Court the Governor or Moderator shall have power to order the Court to give liberty of speech, and silence unreasonable and disorderly speakings, to put all things to vote, and in case the vote be equal to have the casting voice.
	www.bartleby.com /43/7.html (253 words)

	Liberty attached to the land...
		The colony of Connecticut and the Town of Easthampton were self constituted and claimed their ownership of the land through deeds from the Indians.
		Connecticut was an independent and sovereign member of the Commonwealth of England and made full use of this liberty in establishing the first democratically constituted government.
		In 1654 the settlers of the 1648 purchase lands (East Hampton) studied the Fundamental Orders and passed a resolve to "associate and conjoin ourselves to be one Town or Corporation." This resolve established the Town of East Hampton.
	www.montauk.com /history/history.htm (2186 words)

	Colony Readings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1686, King James II, having received reports that Connecticut had been passing laws contrary to English ones, enforcing a Connecticut oath of fidelity, and denying freedom of worship, dispatched Edmund Andros to be governor of the so-called Dominion of New England, and demanded the New England colonies surrender their charters.
		Even though Connecticut was a virtually self-governing colony, that does not mean that it was a democratic colony or that its people were all content with each other and with their lives in the new world.
		Most of Connecticut, however, was inclined toward more radical opposition to Parliamentary policy, and those who had been on the outside of establishment-dominated politics on one issue or another took advantage of the opportunity to unseat their longtime political foes by appealing to the current mood of protest.
	www.connhistory.org /col_reading.htm (4862 words)

	The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - 1639 The Fundamental Orders
		The Fundamental Orders, "Voted" on January 14, 1638 by a popular convention of the three towns of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield, and were the beginning of Connecticut as a commonwealth.
		Whereas the Mayflower Compact was a general statement in favor of majority rule and government in the interest of the common welfare, the Fundamental Orders set up a detailed scheme of government in which the sovereign power rested with the freemen.
		It is Ordered, sentenced and decreed, that to the aforesaid Court o Election the several Towns shall send their deputies, and when the Elections are ended they may proceed in any public service as at other Courts.
	www.colonialwarsct.org /1639.htm (982 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The 'Fundamental Orders of Connecticut' were the basic laws of the three main settlements in the area.
		The orders established a government for the towns where emphasis was put on the community rather than the individual.
		The Fundamental Orders of 1639 were the first expression of revolutionary sentiment in the colonies.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~goller/books/FUNDAMEN/BIOG.TXT (279 words)

	CT.gov: About Connecticut
		Population: The population of Connecticut was 3,405,565 according to the 2000 U.S. Official Census.
		Connecticut is often described as the "Arsenal of the Nation." It gained this reputation as early as the American Revolution.
		Connecticut also is a leader in such highly skilled and technical fields as metalworking, electronics and plastics.
	www.ct.gov /ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434 (1888 words)

	Lutz, Colonial Origins of the American Constitution, 1998 - Connecticut: The Online Library of Liberty
		It is ordered that there shall be foure fixed prticulr Courts every yeare (viz.) the first Thursdays in ffebruary, May, September and December, when and where all the members of the Court are to attend, from time to time, at eight o’clock in the forenoon upon the penalty of five shillings for every such default.
		It was further ordered that all the freemen and planters should attend each and all of these courts, and remain to their close—unless dismissed—under suitable but severe penalties.
		It is ordered by the Authority of this Courte, that in all cases wch are entred vnder forty shillings, the sute shall bee tryed by the Courte of Magistrates as they shall judge most agreeable to equity and righteousness.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/LFBooks/Lutz0397/ColonialOrigins/HTMLs/0013_Pt05_CT.html (5847 words)

	Quick Facts: State History
		It is one of six New England states and was the fifth of the original thirteen states to ratify the Constitution.
		The name Connecticut comes from an American Indian term Quinnehtukqut, meaning "beside the long tidal river." The state's official nickname is "The Constitution State" chosen to commemorate the adoption of the "Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut" in 1639, considered to be the first written constitution.
		Connecticut is a diverse state for its relative size.
	www.umass.edu /greenway/Ct/Quick/CT-QF-his.html (159 words)

	Connecticut History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first Europeans we saw landing on Connecticut shores were Dutch traders (http://www.coldspringschool.com/history/early.html) who sailed up the Connecticut River around the year 1614, and landed near Hartford.
		Connecticut became the fifth state to ratify the Constitution and to become a state in the United States of America.
		This meeting of Federalist leaders from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont, secretly adopted seven proposed amendments to the Federal Constitution that were later accused of being treasonous.
	www.kids.state.ct.us /history.htm (2057 words)

	St. Louis Public Library: Gateway Family Historian Winter 2003: They Came from Massachusetts
		The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are adopted by the Freemen of Hartford, Wethersfield and Windsor.
		Connecticut awards land in its Western Reserve (the Fire Lands) to residents who lost property in raids by British soldiers and sailors during the Revolution.
		Connecticut men serving in the 1st Connecticut National Guard Regiment are sent to fight in the Spanish-American War.
	www.slpl.lib.mo.us /libsrc/gfh0301p5.htm (1033 words)

	80.ch.02: Connecticut Constitutionalism, 1639-1789
		Connecticut had a full and rich history that allows teachers the opportunity to develop the concept of “constitutionalism” in the broader view of the development of the United States Constitution.
		Saybrook, a fort at the mouth of the Connecticut River, was established by John Winthrop, Jr., son of the Governor of Massachusetts, li 1635.
		The Fundamental Orders, adopted in January 1639, by the River Towns, were based upon this idea.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/cthistory/80.ch.02.x.html (4192 words)

	HARTFORD COUNTY, CONNECTICUT
		In 1633, Jacob van Curler, under orders from the Governor of New Amsterdam (Wouter van Twiller) built a fort and mounted two guns at 'Suckiage.' The Dutch called it 'The House of Hope,' but today the site is known as Dutch Point.
		The General Court of the Bay Colony met to consider the authorization of town governments in the Plantation of Connecticut on October 10, 1639, and laid down definite rulings on April 9, 1640.
		"Connecticut's Fundamental Orders, said to have been the constitution known to history that created a government, setting forth the radical principle that 'the foundation of authority is in the free consent of the people,' was written in Hartford by Roger Ludlow and adopted here by representatives or the River Towns on January 14, 1639.
	www.geocities.com /cowles_r (462 words)

	Constitution-Making: The Pre-eminently Political Act
		Nevertheless, after a generation of withdrawal on the part of many political scientists from consideration of all that is labelled "constitutional" in the world of government and politics, on the grounds that such matters are merely "formal" and hence not "real," it is a truism that needs restating.
		That is to say, a constitutional initiative or referendum reaffirms the power of citizens to shape the fundamental or organic laws of their polities.
		Under such circumstances, constitutions may be extensions of revolutionary compacts but they do not become as fundamental in shaping the body politic as in cases where the polity itself is founded by compact.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles3/constisramer.htm (4810 words)

	Exploration and Settlement of Connecticut
		The Connecticut Colony grew over the years and by the middle of the 17th century incorporated Fairfield, Farmington, Middletown, New London, Norwalk, Saybrook and Stratford.
		In 1637, Connecticut was engulfed in the Pequot War, which resulted in that tribe's virtual extermination.
		The Connecticut Colony and New Haven existed as separate political entities until 1662, when a charter was granted to the Connecticut Colony.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h543.html (810 words)

	The Connecticut Society of the Sons of the American Revolution - Articles: The Scarlet Standard #4 - Liberty defined . ...
		The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut clearly constituted the Puritan concept of true LIBERTY as covenanted at Hartford, CT in 1638.
		With the Puritan Congregational Ecclesiastical Establishment known as the "Standing Order" secured in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Thomas Hooker leaves Newtowne with many members of the church in 1636 to set the foundation for the "Constitution State" on the Connecticut River at Hartford (QUI TRANSTULIT SUSTINET).
		In Connecticut, Jonathan Trumbull, Governor and Commander in chief of the English Colony of Connecticut in New England, issues a Proclamation on June 18, 1776 which has become known as Connecticut's Declaration of Independence.
	www.connecticutsar.org /articles/scarlet_no4.htm (1594 words)

	Document 3 - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
		In 1636, citizens from several parts of Massachusetts formed settlements in the rich farmlands of the Connecticut River Valley.
		By 1639, the newly established settlers had agreed on the Fundamental Orders–a framework of self-government for the new towns and the first written constitution in America.
		Who, according to the Fundamental Orders, is qualified to vote for the magistrates?
	www.graves.k12.ky.us /schools/GCHS/bleonard/HTML/hd/doc3.htm (233 words)

	A History of How Connecticut Became a State
		The Native Americans who lived on the land we now call Connecticut named the area "Quinatucquet" which means "along the long, tidal river." The Connecticut River is a natural boundary that divides the state in half.
		The Connecticut colonists became worried about their legal status with England because there were many arguments with the King about who owned the land.
		The Connecticut state tree is an oak tree because of this legend.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_49_36.html (687 words)

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