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Topic: Fundamental frequency

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	Fundamental frequency, amplitude envelope and voiceless-ness as auditory supplements to the lipreading of connected ...
		In Breeuwer and Plomp's study, the effect of added amplituuration and fundamental frequency, and that the main effect of adding amplitude envelope variation was to increase the accuracy of the representation of the pattern of voicing, by reducing the signal level at times when the fundamental frequency extraction processing had produced an erroneous output.
		In consonant perception, fundamental frequency variation was found to have only a minor role in that it increased the transmission of manner information, but did not lead to a significant increase in the consonant identification scores.
		Fundamental frequency and the duration of laryngeal excitation were derived from an electro-laryngograph signal.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/shl9/andyf/faulkner.htm (2182 words)

	Harmonics and Overtones: The Fundamentals and Beyond...
		In acoustics and telecommunication, the harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency.
		The name of the note played is the fundamental frequency or the first harmonic, the second harmonic is twice the fundamental frequency, the third harmonic is thrice the fundamental frequency, and so on.
		The fundamental frequency is the reciprocal of the period of the periodic phenomenon.
	www.khoomei.com /harmonic.htm (559 words)

	Fundamental Frequency and Harmonics
		This is the case for the first harmonic or fundamental frequency of a guitar string.
		The actual frequency of vibration is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the sound; and thus, the frequency of vibration is inversely proportional to the length of air inside the bottle.
		Compare the wavelength of pattern A to the wavelength of pattern B. Suppose that the fundamental frequency of vibration is nearly 1200 Hz.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/sound/u11l4d.html (1941 words)

	Fundamental article - Fundamental Fundamental theorem algebra Basic Foundation Fundamental frequency - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Something that is fundamental is basic and important, something that other things are built upon.
		For example, the Fundamental theorem of algebra is the basis for many mathematical theorems.
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Fundamental (107 words)

	Method for determining the fundamental frequency of a voice signal - Patent 4161625
		A method of determining the fundamental frequency or pitch period of a voice signal from a difference signal, formed with the aid of predictors, between the original voice signal and the voice signal estimated by the predictor.
		More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for determining the fundamental frequency or pitch period of a voice signal utilizing the difference signal, that is generated with the aid of predictors, between the original voice signal and the estimated voice signal produced by the predictor.
		1, the voice or speech signal x.sub.k whose fundamental frequency or pitch period is to be determined by the method according to the invention is fed to the input of a predictor 1 of the type used in linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4161625.html (1789 words)

	sidf
		Final lowering means that the final accent in a sequence is lower in fundamental frequency than predicted by the location of the preceding accent.
		The waveform's fundamental frequency is the highest common factor of the frequencies of the component waveforms.
		The fundamental frequency of speech is related to the perception of pitch.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/sid/sidf.htm (1173 words)

	Apparatus for extracting the fundamental frequency from a complex audio wave form - Patent 4162461
		It is therefore desirable to modify the cutoff frequency of a low pass filter in accordance with a quantity derived from the filter output and thus to maintain substantially constant amplitude of the fundamental frequency wave form.
		In order to maintain a substantially constant usable amplitude characteristic of the fundamental wave derived from a low pass filter, it is desirable to modify the cutoff frequency by a signal derived from the output of the filter and thus to produce filter characteristics as represented in FIG.
		The cutoff frequency of filter 1 is controlled by a signal supplied through conductor 15 to amplifier 2 and thence through peak detector 3 and voltage to current converter 4 and conductors 16-20 and resistors 21-24 to the amplifiers A1-A4 inclusive.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4162461.html (1776 words)

	Fundamental frequency -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fundamental frequency -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The fundamental tone often referred to simply as the fundamental, is the lowest frequency in a (Click link for more info and facts about harmonic series) harmonic series.
		A 'fundamental bass' is the (Click link for more info and facts about root note) root note, or lowest note or pitch in a chord or sonority when that chord is in root position or (Click link for more info and facts about normal form) normal form.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fu/fundamental_frequency.htm (182 words)

	Fundamental (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fundamental frequency downconversion for spectrum analysis of mm-wave signals.
		Fundamental block downconversion uses a high frequency LO and converts...
		A fundamental is something basic and important which other things are built upon.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Fundamental (370 words)

	Tracking and Glimpsing Speech in Noise: Role of Fundamental Frequency
		The fundamental frequency is determined by the rate of modulation of the vocal folds during voiced speech.
		Fundamental frequency variation also underlies the prosodic structure of speech, and helps listeners to select between alternative interpretations of utterances when they are partially masked by other sounds.
		Fundamental frequency contributes in several ways to the perceptual segregation of competing voices.
	www.utdallas.edu /~assmann/asa96/talk.html (3090 words)

	harmonic - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A harmonic is a signal or wave whose frequency is an integral (whole-number) multiple of the frequency of some reference signal or wave.
		This frequency, usually expressed in hertz, is the frequency at which most of the energy is contained, or at which the signal is defined to occur.
		For a signal whose fundamental frequency is f, the second harmonic has a frequency 2f, the third harmonic has a frequency of 3f, and so on.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci214502,00.html (416 words)

	Fundamental frequency of a doubly connected membrane: a modified perturbation method -- Yu 68 (4): 329 -- IMA Journal ...
		Fundamental frequency of a doubly connected membrane: a modified perturbation method -- Yu 68 (4): 329 -- IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics
		Fundamental frequency of a doubly connected membrane: a modified perturbation method
		The fundamental frequency of a membrane is the square root of
	imamat.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/68/4/329 (200 words)

	Phonation 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phonation constitutes the fundamental set of voice quality parameters and is used primarily on the para- and extralinguistic layers of human communication.However, it may also have phonetic significance (Lin, 1994:14).
		The voice source is used to change the sentence melody (intonation) and the tonal form of words (in tonal langueges) by varying the subglottal pressure as well as the tension of the vocal folds.
		Based on this formula, the frequency of the vibration of the vocal folds (perceived as pitch) is inversely proportional to the vibrating mass and directly proportional to the tension of the folds.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/page6.htm (549 words)

	Multiple Fundamental Frequency Estimation Based on Harmonicity and Spectral Smoothness (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: A new method for estimating the fundamental frequencies of concurrent musical sounds is described.
		The method is based on an iterative approach, where the fundamental frequency of the most prominent sound is estimated, the sound is subtracted from the mixture, and the process is repeated for the residual signal.
		For the estimation stage, an algorithm is proposed which utilizes the frequency relationships of simultaneous spectral components, without assuming ideal harmonicity.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /697223.html (734 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		First, the fundamental frequency analysis of a rectangular plate with varying thickness and various types of boundary conditions along the four edges is considered.
		Second, the fundamental frequency analysis of single layer specially orthotropic and anisotropic rectangular plates is examined.
		The result for the eigenvalue (or fundamental frequency) for all the cases analyzed are compared with solutions obtained by other numerical methods.
	dbase.irandoc.ac.ir /00227/00227124.htm (283 words)

	Maximizing Fundamental Frequency of a Two-Story Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This problem is an topological optimization of a 2-story structur to maximize the fundamental frequency.
		The design domain is specified as a rectangle with two supported boundaries at the bottom of the domain.
		The fundamental frequency was maximized at 94.763, which is a substantial improvement over the 58 which was the starting point.
	www.louisville.edu /~jddeck01/Tutorial_6_2/Tutorial_6_2.htm (150 words)

	Fundamental Frequency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The spectrum of a periodic signal will consist of a fundamental component at the reciprocal of the period and a series of harmonics of this frequency.
		The fundamental is also called the "first harmonic".
		It is possible to have a periodic signal where the fundamental is so low in level that it cannot be seen, but the harmonics will still be spaced apart by the fundamental frequency.
	www.dliengineering.com /vibman/gloss_fundamentalfrequency1.htm (67 words)

	Fundamental and Harmonic Resonances
		The lowest resonant frequency of a vibrating object is called its fundamental frequency.
		A harmonic is defined as an integer (whole number) multiple of the fundamental frequency.
		Vibrating membranes typically produce vibrations at harmonics, but also have some resonant frequencies which are not harmonics.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/waves/funhar.html (238 words)

	mmm-31 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For each harmonic one time-varying band-pass filter is used which adjusts its width and central frequency according to the pitch information in the score.
		In the second stage the frequency and energy trajectories are computed for each partial, using the signals obtained in the previous stage.
		Here the instrument information is used to decide on the correct interpretation in situations where, e.g., a higher partial is known to be a louder or more reliable source of f0 information than the fundamental itself, or where the tracks of certain harmonics of certain pitches are known to be distorted by sympathetic resonance.
	www.nici.kun.nl /mmm/abstracts/mmm-66.html (249 words)

	Stibbard-Teaching English Intonation with a Visual Display of Fundamental Frequency
		The primary physiological cause of both pitch and prominence in speech is the varying rate of vibration of the vocal folds, the acoustic correlate of which is fundamental frequency (F0).
		The correlation between pitch and fundamental frequency is non-linear: the frequency difference between two tones necessary for listeners to judge that the higher tone is twice as high as the other is much greater at high absolute frequencies than at low.
		Of fundamental importance in the model is the notion of "common ground" between the speaker and hearer.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Stibbard-Intonation/index.html (3578 words)

	I_nHarm (Current Source, Fundamental Frequency with N-Harmonics)
		When frequency conversion ac analysis is performed, the Freq parameter is used to set the frequency of the source.
		If the frequency is not close enough, a warning is generated and the source current is set to 0 for that analysis.
		Care must be exercised if the I current parameter is a function of frequency, since this is not fully supported in all analysis modes.
	eesof.tm.agilent.com /docs/adsdoc15/ccsrc/ccsrc026.html (332 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This primary frequency is further modified by the vocal tract and changing positions of the tongue, lips, and by interaction with the nasal cavity and the palate.
		We are looking for the first tall peak at the low frequency end, or the lowest bright trace on the piano roll.
		The "stack of clouds" above the fundemental frequency trace are harmonic overtones.
	members.tgforum.com /jamie/fvoice/femv.html (1584 words)

	Fundamental Frequency - index page - Free MP3 downloads, CDs, Bio Info, Tour Dates, Lyrics and More!" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is not the goal with FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY.
		Humor and knowledge are also intertwined in the music itself, making the Frequency a rap project to remember.
		FF has many different influences and will keep the creative juice flowing as long as the electricity is flowing in the studio.
	artists.iuma.com /IUMA/Bands/Fundamental_Frequency (140 words)

	3.1.3 Fundamental frequency estimation
		When the type of analysis performed is harmonic (as it is always the case in this work), a fundamental frequency that best explains the partial candidates extracted is estimated using the two-way mismatch (TWM) algorithm [56].
		This procedure considers the frequency locations and amplitudes of some of the peaks of a given frame to come up with a fundamental frequency estimation along with an error computation which can be used as a ``confidence measurement''.
		Amongst all the fundamental frequency candidates, the one which minimizes the TWM error is selected as the best choice for the fundamental frequency estimation procedure.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /~thibault/Thesis/node26.html (251 words)

	ECS EPrints Service - Multitaper analysis of fundamental frequency variations during voiced fricatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A method for tracking fundamental frequency variations in speech is proposed, based on multitaper analysis.
		Using the multitaper technique, a statistical test is developed for detecting the presence of harmonic components at multiples of a fundamental frequency, embedded in coloured noise.
		It is shown that this can be applied to speech to estimate the fundamental frequency, when present, as well as the amplitude and phase of each harmonic.
	eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /9162 (223 words)

	Fundamental frequency and harmonics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		So if the fundamental frequency is 100 Hz, the harmonics will be 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, 500 Hz, and so on.
		If the fundamental frequency were 220 Hz, the harmonics would be 440 Hz, 660 Hz, 880 Hz, and so on.
		These are the overtones of the fundamental frequency of the vibration of your vocal folds.
	ccms.ntu.edu.tw /~karchung/phonetics%20II%20page%20eight.htm (821 words)

	Fundamental frequency and the intelligibility of competing sent
		Fundamental frequency and the intelligibility of competing sent
		Fundamental Frequency and the Intelligibility of Competing Voices
		[13] Culling, J. and Summerfield, Q. The role of frequency modulation in the perceptual segregation of competing vowels.
	www.utdallas.edu /~assmann/icphs99.html (2357 words)

	Joint Estimation of Glottal Source and Vocal Tract Filter from Speech Signal and some Fundamental Frequency Detection ...
		The goal is to build a voice model which is flexible enough for voice modification and interpolation between different states, and yet simple enough such that we can estimate the model parameters to reproduce a known speech signal.
		Fundamental frequency estimation is often necessary for pitch synchronize joint estimation of glottal source and vocal tract filter.
		The fundamental frequency is defined as a glottal cycle here.
	ccrma.stanford.edu /~jos/mus423h/Joint_Estimation_Glottal_Source_I.html (260 words)

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