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Topic: Fungal Infections

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	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 10, Ch. 113, Fungal Skin Infections
		In other cases, infection may be acute, typically causing a sudden vesicular and bullous disease of the feet or an inflamed boggy lesion of the scalp (kerion) that results from a strong immune reaction to the fungus; such infection is usually followed by remission or cure.
		Infection may be limited to a small area or extend and coalesce until the entire scalp is involved; sometimes ringed patches extend beyond the scalp margin.
		In dermatophyte infections, scrotal involvement is usually absent or slight; however, the scrotum is often inflamed in candidal intertrigo or lichen simplex chronicus.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section10/chapter113/113a.jsp (1668 words)

	e-Antifungal.com: Fungal Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fungal infections have become a major cause of death in cancer patients and transplant recipients.
		One of the most common mycotic infections, Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection of the feet because feet get hot and sweaty, producing an ideal environment for the growth of fungi.
		It is an uncommon infection, but when the infection occurs it involves the lungs, skin, bones, and genitourinary tract.
	www.e-antifungal.com (1244 words)

	Clinical Updates in Fungal Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Infection control guidelines to interrupt or prevent the transmission of infection are crucial and involve judicious use of antimicrobials, HCW handwashing, and adherence to aseptic technique and isolation precautions.
		Infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is difficult to treat, with frequent resistance to azoles and AmB.
		Being aware of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of fungal infections is crucial to minimize the risk of acquiring a nosocomial fungal infection.
	www.nfid.org /publications/clinicalupdates/fungal/noso.html (2469 words)

	FUNGAL INFECTIONS/ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of death among cancer patients and transplant recipients.
		Infections are acquired by inhalation and deposition of conidia in pulmonary alveoli.
		Infection is generally localized in the maxillary sinus; treatment consists of removal of the aspergilloma.
	www.uic.edu /pharmacy/courses/pmpr342/pendland/fungal.html (6541 words)

	Simple Facts Sheets: fungal infections
		Vaginal candidiasis is a common yeast infection of the vagina.
		It is possible that an infection such as unrecognized TB may be causing a vaginal yeast infection.
		Blastomycosis is a fungal infection involving the lungs and occasionally spreading to the skin.
	www.atdn.org /simple/fungal.html (664 words)

	Fungal Infections of the Skin - dermatologychannel
		Doctors give some fungal infections of the skin the general name "tinea." Superficial fungal infections are found in the top layers of the skin and mucous membranes, the hair, and the nails.
		Fungal infections are more prevalent in warm, moist areas of the body, such as the mouth and vagina.
		Fungal infections can be passed from person to person or from objects and surfaces to a person.
	dermatologychannel.net /fungalinfections (523 words)

	Fungal Nail Infections [Apr 1996; 26-3] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All established the fungal nature of the disease before the study began; although as many as 65% of patients were re-treatments, oral treatments had been discontinued for three months and topical treatments for one month before the study began.
		Patients with fungal toenail infections (predominantly severe) were randomised to a 24-week treatment of oral terbinafine 250 mg/day (followed by 24 weeks of placebo) or 48-week treatment of micronized griseofulvin 1000 mg/day.
		Patients with fungal toenail infections (predominantly severe) were randomised to a 16-week treatment of oral terbinafine 250 mg/day (followed by 36 weeks of placebo) or 52-week treatment of micronized griseofulvin 500 mg/day.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band26/b26-3.html (1246 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Fungal infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A fungal infection is an inflammatory condition in which fungi multiply and invade the skin, the digestive tract, the genitals, and other body tissues, particularly, the lungs and liver.
		Fungal infections of the skin and nails are very common in children, but they can affect all age groups.
		Superficial fungal infections may be due to an overgrowth of fungi already present, or the infection may be the result of contact with an infected person or with contaminated surfaces, bed sheets, towels, or clothing.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0003/ai_2603000375 (1283 words)

	Fungal Infections, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
		Fungal Infections, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
		Fungal infections have recently emerged as a growing threat to human health, especially in persons whose immune systems are compromised in some way.
		Research on fungal diseases focuses on three goals: providing better means of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the most important human fungal infections.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /dmid/fungal (855 words)

	Fungal skin infections - athlete's foot, thrush - symptoms & treatment
		This is a common infection and is often caused by a combination of fungi and bacteria.
		This means fungal infections are more likely when skin is not dried properly after sweating heavily or bathing, or when it is covered with a material that does not allow sweat to evaporate.
		Sometimes fungal infections are easy for doctors to diagnose from the appearance and location of the rash, eg athlete's foot.
	hcd2.bupa.co.uk /fact_sheets/html/fungal_skin_infections.html (1203 words)

	Janssen-Cilag Health Information - Fungal infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Often, a fungal infection in the mouth is the first sign of AIDS, the disease which affects your immune system.
		Fungal infections of the mouth and the oesophagus always need to be treated by a doctor.
		Adults with fungal infections of the mouth and/or the oesophagus are mostly treated with medication that can be ingested easily and works also from the inside out.
	www.janssen-cilag.com /disease/detail.jhtml?itemname=fungal&s=2 (355 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Fungal skin infections in children
		Superficial fungal infections in children are usually caused by yeasts (eg, Candida, Malassezia) or dermatophytes (eg, Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton).
		Fungal cultures are useful primarily in scalp and nail infections or when a diagnosis is in question, but the required incubation at room temperature for 2 or 3 weeks is a disadvantage.
		Tinea pedis is regarded as a fungal infection of the feet that is caused by dermatophytes.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2001/07_01/berg.htm (2836 words)

	Fungal Nail Infections -- Topic Overview
		A fungal nail infection (onychomycosis, or ringworm of the nail) occurs when fungi invade a fingernail or toenail and/or the skin underneath the nail (nail bed).
		, the most common fungal infection, may include yellow streaks under the nail, a buildup of bits and pieces of skin and nail fragments (debris) under the nail, a discolored and thickened nail that may separate from the skin, and a brittle, broken, and thickened nail.
		However, treatment may stop the infection from causing permanent damage to the nail, shorten the time needed for treatment, and increase the chance of a cure.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw268104.asp?printing=true (612 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Superficial fungal infection of the skin
		Tinea capitis (figure 7: not shown) is a dermatophytic infection of the head and scalp, usually found in infants, children, and young adolescents (11-14).
		Onychomycosis is fungal infection of the nail unit, including the nail plate and nail bed.
		Superficial fungal infections of the skin are a common presentation in clinical practice.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2001/01_01/zuber.htm (3923 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Fungal nail infection
		Fungal nail infection is an infection of the nails by a fungus.
		Fungal nail infections may be difficult to treat and may become a reservoir for fungal organisms, causing them to return in the skin or nails.
		The fungal nail infection is cured by the growth of new, non-infected nails.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001330.htm (577 words)

	Fungal culture for fungal nail infections
		A fungal culture will show whether a fungal nail infection is present and what type of fungus it is. A fungal culture is typically done when a diagnosis is unclear or when treatment of a fungal infection has not been successful.
		Fungal growth is present, and the type of fungus is identified.
		Although fungal cultures can identify the type of fungus infection, they are not routinely used because they take a long time and are expensive.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw268533.asp (357 words)

	Therapeutic Forum: How to Tackle Fungal Corneal Infections
		The human cornea is vulnerable to two types of fungal infections: filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus or Fusarium; and yeasts such as Candida.
		The clinical manifestations of fungal ulcers caused by filamentous fungi may be difficult to distinguish from bacterial infection.
		The surrounding cornea is often edematous, and the edges of the infiltrate tend to be less feathery than with filamentous fungal infections.
	www.revoptom.com /archive/issue/0698tf.htm (627 words)

	Fungal infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Some of the other most common types of fungal infections include oral thrush, which is an infection inside the mouth; candida infection of the nipples, which causes severe pain while breastfeeding; and ringworm, which is characterized by round, red itchy spots on the skin.
		If fungal infections are recurrent, there may be a problem with a depressed immune system.
		People most at risk for developing a fungal infection are those with a pre-existing illness such as diabetes, AIDS and cancer.
	www.nutrimart.com /Ailments/fungal_infection.htm (331 words)

	FUNGAL INFECTIONS
		A recently completed study that compared clotrimazole to fluconazole to prevent fungal infections showed that fluconazole was more effective, particularly in people with 50 or fewer T4 cells.
		In addition, fluconazole was shown to reduce the frequency of cryptococcal meningitis, esophageal candidiasis, and superficial fungal infections.
		It is possible that an infection such as unrecognized tuberculosis may be causing a vaginal yeast infection.
	www.nuconceptsinc.com /fungal_infections.htm (773 words)

	Fungal Infections of Fingernails and Toenails -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sometimes several people in a family will get fungal infections in their nails at the same time.
		This can happen because their immune systems aren't able to fight off the infection very well or because the infection is being passed when they use the same towels.
		To be sure of what kind of infection you have, your doctor might scrape a little bit of tissue from your nail and send it to a lab.
	familydoctor.org /663.xml (727 words)

	Fungal Infections
		Fungal infections of the toenail are fairly common and until recently, difficult to eradicate.
		Several anti-fungal drugs have been developed which are about 80% effective in treating nail infections.
		He cautions that while the infection may respond initially, there is a high relapse rate, and the nails may require another course of treatment.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/901216271.html (256 words)

	Fungal Infections
		Athlete's foot is another type of fungal infection that usually appears between the toes but can also affect toenails and the bottom or sides of the feet.
		Jock itch is a fungal infection of the groin and upper thighs.
		Diaper rash in babies is one type of candidal infection, as is thrush (white patches often found in the mouths of babies.) Older girls and women may develop another form of candidal infection in and around the vagina.
	kidshealth.org /kid/health_problems/skin/fungus.html (557 words)

	Fungal nail infections. DermNet NZ
		Fungal infection of the nails is known as "onychomycosis".
		Candida infection of the nail plate generally results from paronychia and starts near the nail fold (the cuticle).
		Mild infections affecting less than 80% of one or two nails may respond to topical antifungal medications but cure usually requires an oral antifungal medication for several months.
	dermnetnz.org /fungal/onychomycosis.html (444 words)

	Geometry.Net - Health_Conditions: Fungal Infections
		This resistance is due to: When fungi do pass the resistance barriers of the human body and establish infections, the infections are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized.
		For example, if someone with a fungal infection has diabetes, their sugar level may need to be brought under control before treatment can be effective.
		Fungal infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis or candidiasis, are among the many opportunistic infections to which HIV-infected people become susceptible as their immune systems deteriorate.
	www.geometry.net /health_conditions/fungal_infections.php (2451 words)

	PAGE--Fungal Infections
		Histoplasmosis is caused by infection with the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, which is common in the soil of the Midwest river valleys, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.
		Fungal infections can be very common, and in some cases, very serious for HIV+ people.
		One way to prevent fungal infections from occurring is to keep the immune system healthy by using HIV drugs when necessary and seeing your doctor on a regular basis.
	www.thewellproject.org /Diseases_and_Conditions/Opportunistic_Infections/Fungal_Infections.jsp (1023 words)

	Nail Fungal Infections (Onychomycosis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Other disorders like psoriasis and eczema can cause nail changes that mimic fungal infection, so it is recommended that the fungal cause be confirmed by examining some nail scrapings under the microscope or by plating them on special culture media.
		Nail infections are caused by several types of fungi though most are caused by a specific skin fungus (dermatophyte) known as T. rubrum.
		Nail fungal infections are treated for cosmetic reasons or because the nail becomes painful.
	www.sfsu.edu /~shs/skinclinic/nail.htm (582 words)

	Janssen-Cilag Health Information - Fungal infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		They are responsible for infections of the bronchi.
		Usually, fungi and fungal yeasts are not dangerous.
		Fungal infections can be manifest at different places of the body.
	www.janssen-cilag.com /disease/detail.jhtml?itemname=fungal&s=2 (408 words)

	Tinea Infections: Athlete's Foot, Jock Itch and Ringworm -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fungal infections are named for the part of the body they infect.
		Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the skin on the body.
		It can be harder to get rid of fungal infections on other parts of the body.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/316.html (1032 words)

	Fungal Infections
		Humans have a high level of innate immunity to fungi and most of the infections they cause are mild and self-limiting.
		When fungi do pass the resistance barriers of the human body and establish infections, the infections are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized.
		These infections are chronic and are initiated by trauma to the skin.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/3504/fungi.htm (411 words)

	Fungal Infections
		It is a very large, versatile and flexible organ that has a direct influence on the entire body.
		Infections are not particularly dangerous, but very unpleasant.
		Clotrimazole is a modern broad spectrum antifungal which inhibits ergosterol synthesis, an essential component of fungal cell membranes.
	www.fungal-infections.info (108 words)

	Clinical Updates in Fungal Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Due to the increasing prevalence of disseminated fungal infections associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, increased utilization of organ transplantation and immunosuppression, and the increased number of invasive fungal nosocomial infections, antifungal agents are more widely used than ever before.
		Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients.
		The lipid-based drugs should not be used as initial polyene therapy for yeast infections (candidiasis and cryptococcosis) or endemic mycoses (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis) unless amphotericin B is clearly indicated and the patient has preexisting renal dysfunction.
	www.nfid.org /publications/clinicalupdates/fungal/ampho.html (2586 words)

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