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Topic: Fungicide

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List of fungicides

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Agriculture

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Ecological footprint

Herbicide

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Sulfer

Cell wall

Copper(II) sulfate

	ARS \| Publication request: Evaluation of Captan Fungicide Programs for Management of Apple Scab in a Benzimidazole and ...
		A primary measure for combating and/or managing fungicide resistance is to tank mix a contact fungicide with a fungicide at risk.
		Specifically, the strobilurin fungicide kresoxim methyl (Sovran), the EBDC fungicide mancozeb (Dithane), the benzimidazole fungicide thiophanate-methyl (Topsin-M), and the DMI fungicide myclobutanil (Nova) were applied singly or as mixing partner with the contact fungicide Captan in a season long schedule to manage foliar and fruit scab.
		The trial was conducted in a 'McIntosh' orchard known to harbor Venturia isolates resistant to the benzimidazole and DMI fungicides.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=174401&pf=1 (597 words)

	Fungicide Resistance Action Group (FRAG)
		FRAG are collating reports of fungicide resistance in the UK.
		Please remember that there may be other reasons why fungicides fail to control a disease to the extent expected.
		Report of the fungicide resistance discussion forum at the BCPC International Congress, Crop Science and Technology, 2003.
	www.pesticides.gov.uk /rags.asp?id=644 (603 words)

	Inhibition of Efflux Transporter-Mediated Fungicide Resistance in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis by a Derivative of ...
		fungicide concentrations are not used to assess the fungicide
		Water-treated leaves were used to check the effect of the inhibitor in the absence of fungicides and the virulence of adapted and nonadapted isolates.
		are involved in fungicide resistance (4, 15, 26, 37, 46).
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/6/3269 (4143 words)

	Fungicide Comments
		A fairly low environmental impact fungicide with a large spectrum of pest activity, but a high risk of fungicide resistance.
		Like chlorothalonil a useful tool for managing fungicide resistance due to is low resistance risk.
		Resistance in dollar spot populations is already widespread across the southeast, and resistance in anthracnose populations is developing rapidly.
	www.msstate.edu /dept/extensionplantclinics/diag.keys/turf/se.turf.strategic.plan/summarized.comments.on.html (955 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--fungicide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		No single fungicide possesses all the desired properties of protection, as some of them are mutually exclusive, but it is possible to find one that possesses a range of properties suitable for use in virtually any specific case.
		Unfortunately, many fungicides are highly chlorinated substances and therefore cannot be washed out if lasting protection is to be conferred.
		While stable enough for most normal uses, the typical fungicide may not be sufficiently stable when it is to re main in paper for decades, even centuries, as paper almost always contain impurities, e.g., iron, which may accelerate the normal slow breakdown of a fungicide.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt1486.html (129 words)

	fungicide
		Pristine is a new fungicide from BASF registered on cucurbits in late 2003.
		Pristine is effective against isolates of the gummy stem blight fungus that are insensitive to strobilurin fungicides, such as Cabrio and Quadris.
		Pristine must be rotated with one of the older protectant fungicides, such as chlorothalonil, mancozeb, or maneb.
	www.clemson.edu /scg/veg/fungicide.htm (233 words)

	Blended fungicide compositions - Patent 5468715
		The fungicidal ingredient of an invention fungicide composition is included in a quantity which will provide a concentration between about 0.01-10 weight percent of the medium which is being applied to seeds, plants, trees, harvested crops, soil, and the like.
		An invention fungicide composition can be applied directly to the foliage of plants, bushes and trees, or to the soil of a cultivated field, or to seeds prior to planting, or to paddy water and hydroponic culture systems.
		The ingredients in an invention fungicide composition can be selected to include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, in a ratio that allows the composition to function as a fertilizer in addition to its function as a fungicide, when applied to cultivated crops.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5468715.html (2275 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Fungicide
		Its fungicidal activity is associated with the slow formation of copper compounds, the ultimate toxicant being the cupric ion.
		Among pesticides, a herbicide is used for weeds, an insecticide for insects and a fungicide for fungal pests.
		Azole fungicides affect mammalian steroidogenesis by inhibiting sterol 14[alpha]-demethylase and aromatase.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Fungicide&StartAt=1 (515 words)

	DOs and DON’Ts of Fungicide Use on Cranberry in Wisconsin
		Fungicides are fair (Bravo) to poor (Dithane, copper) at controlling storage rot.
		In general, fungicides are not the answer to cranberry problems for which the cause is unknown.
		Likewise, fungicides are not recommended after hail, sun scald, or similar environmental or physical stresses.
	www.plantpath.wisc.edu /fpath/dos-and-donts-fungicide-cranberries.htm (1322 words)

	APSnet Education Center - Introductory Topics - What are Fungicides? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fungicides are often a vital part of disease management as (a) they control many diseases satisfactorily, (b) cultural practices often do not provide adequate disease control, (c) resistant cultivars are not available or not accepted in the marketplace, and (d) certain high value crops have an extremely low tolerance for disease symptoms.
		Fungicides that have "curative" properties, which means they are active against pathogens that have already infected the plant, tend to have a higher risk of pathogens developing resistance to the fungicide.
		Fungicide resistance is a stable, heritable trait that results in a reduction in sensitivity to a fungicide by an individual fungus.
	www.apsnet.org /education/IntroPlantPath/Topics/fungicides/default.htm (4388 words)

	Asian Soybean Rust: Fungicide Resistance Management
		Fungicide resistance is "the stable, inheritable adjustment by a fungus to a fungicide, resulting in a less than normal sensitivity to that fungicide" (Dekker, 1995).
		The class to which a particular fungicide belongs is important; once a fungus develops resistance to one compound in a class, it becomes resistant to all other fungicides in that class.
		Fungicides that spread to the opposite leaf surface have translaminar activity.
	njaes.rutgers.edu /soybeanrust/fungicide-resistance.asp (1271 words)

	fungicide. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Plant fungicides are usually applied by spraying or dusting, but some types are applied to seeds and soil for the destruction of vegetative spores.
		Fungicides used on wood, including creosote, prevent dry rot, and certain compounds are used to make fabrics resistant to mildews.
		Most agricultural fungicides are preventive; those applied after infection are called eradicant, or contact, fungicides.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fu/fungicid.html (272 words)

	Fungicide seed treatments in soybean \| Integrated Crop Management
		Fungicide seed treatments have proven invaluable to corn production, and planting treated seed is a standard practice.
		Fungicide seed treatments are used for managing seedling diseases that are caused by fungal pathogens.
		Fungicide seed treatments in soybean are often regarded as insurance in Iowa.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/icm/2007/3-26/fungicide.html (977 words)

	Fungicide \| World of Chemistry
		Fungicides are chemicals that inhibit the growth or attack of fungi.
		Fungicides usually kill the fungus that is causing the damage.
		Fungicides operate in different ways depending upon the species that they are designed to combat.
	www.bookrags.com /research/fungicide-woc (277 words)

	Fungicides: Terminology \| Integrated Crop Management
		Fungicides with single-site modes of action are at relatively high risk for resistance development compared to those with multi-site mode of action.
		Fungicides can be classified a number of different ways, including (1) mobility in the plant, (2) role in protection of plants, (3) breadth of activity, (4) mode of action, and (5) chemical group.
		Very few fungicides are truly systemic (i.e., move freely throughout the plant); however, some are upwardly systemic (i.e., move only upward in the plant through xylem tissue), and some are locally systemic (i.e., move into treated leaves and redistribute to some degree within the treated portion of the plant.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/icm/2006/5-15/fungicides.html (764 words)

	The Effect of a Foliar Fungicide Application on the Yield and Grain Quality of New Varieties of Wheat, Oats and Barley ...
		One test was treated with a foliar fungicide to control leaf diseases; the other test was left untreated to evaluate the tolerance or resistance of the cereal varieties to the leaf diseases.
		This layout was used to facilitate fungicide application to the plots and to minimize drift of the fungicide spray into the untreated plot area.
		Tilt (propiconazole) fungicide was sprayed prior to head emergence at a rate of 0.2 L/acre in a water volume of 45 L/acre.
	www.gov.mb.ca /cgi-bin/print_hit_bold.pl/agriculture/research/ardi/projects/98-048.html (1020 words)

	Asian Soybean Rust: Fungicides \| Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fungicides can be classified by their general function (preventative or curative), mobility in the plant, and mode of action.
		Fungicides are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi.
		Fungicides can be classified in a number of ways - by their general function (preventative or curative), mobility in the plant (contact, fixed protectant, penetrant or systemic), and mode of action or chemistry.
	www.pioneer.com /usa/agronomy/soybeans/soybean_rust/asian_soybean_fungicides.htm (1942 words)

	Fern Anthracnose - Section 7, Fungicide Use
		Fungicides protect young, susceptible fern leaves from becoming infected by the anthracnose pathogen mostly by preventing spore germination and other processes that would normally lead to leaf penetration and infection.
		Indicator dyes added to fungicide concentrates and irrigation system pressure and flow meters are used to determine the exact volume of water or irrigation time needed for the fungicide to clear all zones of an irrigation system.
		Fungicide cost is not strongly related to efficacy, but when conditions are relatively unfavorable for disease, less costly fungicides can be included in such a program and still provide acceptable results.
	www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu /jos/section_7.htm (4542 words)

	Asian Soybean Rust: Fungicide Resistance Management
		Fungicide resistance is "the stable, inheritable adjustment by a fungus to a fungicide, resulting in a less than normal sensitivity to that fungicide" (Dekker, 1995).
		Fungicides are compounds that destroy or prevent the growth of fungi.
		The class to which a particular fungicide belongs is important; once a fungus develops resistance to one compound in a class, it becomes resistant to all other fungicides in that class.
	www.rcre.rutgers.edu /soybeanrust/fungicide-resistance.asp (1271 words)

	Fungicide Degradation
		The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of repeated fungicide applications on the microbial degradation of fungicides in the turfgrass canopy.
		It is possible that microorganisms present on the leaf surface of the turfgrass could transform the fungicides into compounds closely related to the parent fungicide without metabolizing them completely to CO As in the dissipation study, the pattern generated by the cumulative evolution in radiolabeled CO gives little support for the possibility of enhanced biodegradation.
		The "incomplete" mineralization of these fungicides within the turfgrass canopy suggests that conditions in the canopy are unfavorable for microbial adaptation and/or the microbial population is utilizing only a portion of the degradative pathway to break down the applied fungicides.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /turf/report/1997/fungi.htm (772 words)

	Fern Anthracnose - Section 7, Fungicide Use
		Fungicides protect young, susceptible fern leaves from becoming infected by the anthracnose pathogen mostly by preventing spore germination and other processes that would normally lead to leaf penetration and infection.
		Indicator dyes added to fungicide concentrates and irrigation system pressure and flow meters are used to determine the exact volume of water or irrigation time needed for the fungicide to clear all zones of an irrigation system.
		Fungicide cost is not strongly related to efficacy, but when conditions are relatively unfavorable for disease, less costly fungicides can be included in such a program and still provide acceptable results.
	mrec.ifas.ufl.edu /jos/section_7.htm (4542 words)

	Fungicide Summary
		Fungicides are chemicals that inhibit the growth of fungi.
		Fungicides are chemical compounds used to prevent the spread of fungi in gardens and crops, which can cause serious damage to the plants.
		Fungicides can also indirectly be harmful to human health as the cultivated crop is consumed and it can cause irritation as well as many symptoms such as headaches, diarrehea, damaged organs as well as severe disorders and maladies related to the nervous system.
	www.bookrags.com /Fungicide (1377 words)

	InteractiveTurf Research - Fungicide Resistant Dollar Spot
		The mode of action of these fungicides is not well known, and the rate of occurrence of resistant strains among dollar spot fungi (and other fungi) appears to be low.
		With dicarboximides, the theory is that the mutation that confers resistance to this class of fungicides makes the strain less fit to compete with the naturally occurring strain because the dicarboximide resistant strains are more susceptible to winter kill, and would therefore not recur year after year.
		Signature (fosetyl-aluminum) is primarily a Pythium fungicide and has no dollar spot control activity, but its mode of action is said to be as a "plant defense activator", and may aid against overall summer stress or decline.
	www.interactiveturf.com /Research/research_DS_2003116.htm (1585 words)

	Reducing the Threat of Fungicide Resistance
		If you have noticed a loss of efficacy of a fungicide in controlling a pathogen, it could be because resistant strains of the pathogen predominate in the planting.
		Because the number of fungicides registered for use on strawberries and raspberries is small, we need to take steps to reduce the risk of fungicide resistance and thereby maintain the efficacy of these products for years to come.
		Exposure to a fungicide can be reduced by spraying only when conditions justify it and by alternating sprays of a fungicide with an unrelated fungicide.
	www.plantpath.wisc.edu /fpath/reducing-the-threat.htm (669 words)

	Daylily Dictionary: Rust, Daylily Rust
		Fungicide or disinfectant treatment prior to shipping does not guarantee a rust-free plant, and overseas purchasers should not assume a phytosanitary certificate indicates a clean plant.Check new plants daily for rust especially the undersides of the leaves.
		Fungicide trials are ongoing in several regions to find out the best way of dealing with the rust in those areas.
		Because fungicide availability and labeling differs regionally, and research is ongoing, it is best to contact your local Extension Service or Ministry of Agriculture for the most recent advice on treating daylily rust.
	www.daylilies.org /ahs_dictionary/daylily_rust.html (1719 words)

	What's in a fungicide's name? Soybean rust control, expert says
		In the months to come, fungicide ingredient names are likely to roll off their tongues much easier, however, as producers prepare to plant the first soybean crop in the continental United States threatened by soybean rust.
		Fungicide is the only effective treatment for controlling soybean rust, a fungal disease that can dramatically reduce a soybean crop's yields.
		Fungicides come in two basic types: those that form a protective barrier on the outside of the soybean plant and those that work from the inside out.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /html3month/2004/041214.Shaner.fungicides.html (794 words)

	NZPPS Fungicide Resistance Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fungicides at risk from resistance are mainly the synthetic ones developed since the 1970s that are specific in the way they affect their target fungi.
		Many older fungicides, such as captan, thiram, mancozeb, metiram, copper and sulphur, which have a non-specific mode of action and are active against a broad spectrum of diseases, are not considered to be at risk from resistance development in fungi.
		Fungicides are grouped according to the way in which fungal pathogens develop resistance to them (cross resistance groups), rather than by their chemical structures.
	www.hortnet.co.nz /publications/nzpps/resistance/fungicides.htm (273 words)

	New Developments in Fungicides - Market information from Agrow Reports
		The data is presented in four regional sections, each preceded by an explanation of the factors affecting fungicide use in that region.
		Company profiles of the leading 20 fungicide producers are presented as well as industry growth factors and comprehensive market data.
		The country data is presented in four regional sections, each preceded by an explanation of the factors affecting agriculture, and specifically fungicide use, in that region.
	www.pjbpubs.com /agrow_reports/fungicides.htm (382 words)

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