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Topic: Furcula

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	Furcula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In birds, the furcula is a forked bone which is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles in most modern birds and some theropod dinosaur species, first appearing in the archosaur Longisquama [1].
		Its modern function is the strengthening of the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight.
		In springtails, the furcula is an abdominal, tail-like appendage that is present in most species and is folded beneath the body, to be used for jumping when the animal is threatened.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Furcula (179 words)

	Science Show - 9/03/2002: Birds & Dinosaurs
		Until recently, the V-shaped bone was thought to be a unique feature in birds, but you may be surprised to know that the wishbone, or furcula appeared in the dinosaurs; in fact, it's the bone that made it possible for dinosaurs to fly.
		We have a furcula in Allosaurus, we have a furcula in two or three other predatory dinosaurs and now this spinosaur carries the furcula back to a more remote node on the tree of theropods.
		Paul Willis: Well, it is actually a wishbone, the furcula is the wishbone and it is made up of the clavicles fused together in the middle.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ss/stories/s496242.htm (1615 words)

	Collembola
		Springtails are named for a forked jumping organ (the furcula) found on the fourth abdominal segment.
		The furcula is retracted against the ventral wall of the abdomen and held there, in cocked position, by a special catch (the tenaculum) on the third abdominal segment.
		Releasing the tenaculum causes the furcula to snap down against the substrate and flip the organism some distance through the air.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/ent425/compendium/collem.html (710 words)

	Checklist of the Collembola: Ordinal Morphogenetic Relationships
		The upwards rotated position of the metaabdomen is related to the ventro-posterior insertion of the furcula.
		The driving evolutionary character, the gradual enlargement of the furcula, induced the corresponding enlargement of the mesoabdomen to accomodate the larger furcal muscles.
		The plesiomorph descendants of the Protocollembola are characterised by a furcula, a small furca; a condition typically found in the extant Poduromorpha.
	www.geocities.com /fransjanssens/publicat/ordo.htm (3998 words)

	Pelecaniformes
		The furcula is a springy, v-shaped bone, that helps raise the wing during the up-stroke.
		The arms of the furcula are attached to the shoulder and the fused tip of the v is suspended above the breast bone.
		In these birds, the v tip of the furcula is solidly fused to the breast bone and the arms are much more sturdily built to help support the wings.
	www.rit.edu /~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/Pelicaniformes.html (279 words)

	BBC NEWS \| In Depth \| Boston 2002 \| Dinosaur discoveries wow Boston
		The wishbone, or furcula, is significant because it informs the debate on whether birds evolved from dinosaurs; until recently the V-shaped bone was thought to be a unique feature in birds.
		The fossil furcula shown off by Dr Sereno was part of the skeleton of an 11-metre-long predator known as a spinosaur.
		Although the 110-million-year-old wishbone is not the oldest known to science, the creature from which it came had a very deep lineage.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2002/boston_2002/1828224.stm (733 words)

	Theropod wishbones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The furcula is the "V" shaped bone found in birds formed by the fusion of the clavicles at the breastbone.
		The furcula was long considered a key synapomorphy of birds, a character lacked by other theropods.
		However, the presence of furculae in these two groups, which share a common ancestor with maniraptoriformes far down the Dinosauria cladogram and thus are not closely related to them, indicates that furculae, either bony or cartilaginous, may have been common to all theropods.
	www.dinosauria.com /jdp/archie/furcula.html (322 words)

	Hypogastrurid springtail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The name springtail comes from a unique structure on the underside of the abdomen called the furcula, which many species possess.
		The springlike action of the furcula enables those species to jump when disturbed, giving rise to other common names for some species: garden fleas and snow fleas.
		Species with a reduced or absent furcula simply crawl over or through their habitat.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/ent/clinic/Bugofwk/970003/springta.htm (303 words)

	In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood - What Was Archaeopteryx?
		A furcula acts as a spring—storing and releasing energy with each flap of a wing.
		Notice the crack in the right arm of the furcula and the broken right tip—strange for a bird’s flexible bone buried in soft sediments.
		It was somewhat unwise for the forgers to endow Compsognathus with a furcula, because a cavity had to be cut in the counterslab, with at least some semblance to providing a fit to the added bone.
	www.creationscience.com /onlinebook/FAQ119.html (1647 words)

	Springtails - University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The main locomotor organ is a forked, tail-like structure (called a furcula) which is folded forward under the abdomen when the insect is at rest.
		The furcula is held in place by a clasp-like structure, called a tenaculum.
		When the tenaculum is released, the furcula thrusts downward and backward against the substrate, allowing the springtail to jump consider able distances.
	lancaster.unl.edu /enviro/pest/Nebline/Springtails.htm (582 words)

	Card back - species list
		Gray Furcula, 2nd instar Larva of Furcula cinerea.
		Gray Furcula, 4th instar Larva of Furcula cinerea.
		Gray Furcula, 5th instar Larva of Furcula cinerea.
	www.magma.ca /~bflahey/card_backs/thetoydepartment.htm (107 words)

	Skeleton of a Typical Bird
		The clavicles come together to form the furcula, or "wishbone".
		The furcula provides a flexible attachment site for the breast muscles and along with the coracoids act as struts that resist pressure created by the wing stroke during flight.
		Flight muscles running from the sternum to the relatively short and stiff humerus elevate and depress the wing.
	fsc.fernbank.edu /Birding/skeleton.htm (602 words)

	BUBO 2000 for 2000!
		Furcula furcula (Sallow Kitten) to Macrochilo cribrumalis (Dotted Fan-foot)
		Only recorded in the garden where trapped on eight dates, the first brood being singles on 15/5 and 19/5 and the second brood on six dates between 29/7 and 9/8.
		The only record was from Mannington Hall on 3/6.
	www.bubo.org /misc/bubouk/notes/2000for2000_11.htm (6608 words)

	furcula - Dictionnaire Français-Anglais WordReference.com
		We found no English translation for 'furcula' in our French to English Dictionary.
		Or did you want to translate 'furcula' from English to French?
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'furcula' in the title:
	www.wordreference.com /fren/furcula (49 words)

	furcula - English-French Dictionary - WordReference.com
		We found no French translation for 'furcula' in our English to French Dictionary.
		Look for a definition in our English Dictionary.
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	www.wordreference.com /enfr/furcula (57 words)

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