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	FURNESS - LoveToKnow Article on FURNESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The usage of the term Lake District, however, tends to limit the name of Furness in common thought to the district south of the Lakes, where several of the place-names are suffixed with that of the district, as Barrow-in Fsirncs~, Dalton-in-Furness, B roughton-in-Furness.
		It was known and smelted by British and Romans, and by the monks of Furness Abbey and Conishead Priory, both in the district.
		The abbey of Furness, otherwise Furdenesia or the further nese (promontory), which was dedicated to St Mary, was founded in 1127 by a small body of monks belonging to the Benedictine order of Savigny.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FU/FURNESS.htm (832 words)

	Furness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Furness was part of the Scottish Kingdom of Strathclyde, though it has also been suggested that the local Viking settlers were actually Manx, rather than coming directly from Scandinavia.
		The Abbey's lands in Furness were passed to the Duchy of Lancaster in 1540.
		The Furness Railway was built to transport this ore, providing the area with its first safe transport route to the rest of England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Furness (1238 words)

	Abbeys
		Furness abbey was first founded in 1124 by Stephen, then count of Mortain and lord of Lancaster, and later king of England (1135-54).
		Furness was part of the Savigniac congregation and therefore objected strongly to the union of Savigny and Citeaux.
		(5) Furness' proximity to the Scottish border meant that the abbey was embroiled in the conflict between Scotland and England during the reign of King Stephen (1135-54).
	cistercians.shef.ac.uk /abbeys/furness.php (685 words)

	Abbey Ruins of Barrow-in-Furness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Furness Abbey is one of the most impressive architectural and historical monuments to be seen in Cumbria.
		Furness Abbey had various holdings in Ireland and on the Isle of Man. On Man the Abbots were given the right to nominate their own bishops for their "daughter" house.
		Furness Abbey was a "daughter" house of Citeaux and in turn created it's own "daughter" houses.
	www.alphabase.demon.co.uk /abbey.html (954 words)

	Field Archaeology
		Furness abbey was founded in 1124 and as the years went by the abbey grew to become one of the greatest Cistercian monastic sites in north of Britain.
		The average income was £805 in 1535, Furness was suppressed in 1537, and hardly anything has changed in the building details, when T Beck in 1840, and 1880's manage to clear away the scrub around the abbey buildings.
		Furness abbey in 1216 was granted timber by King John for a bridge to be built at Lancaster, and Henry III made a further grant of twenty oaks in 1252.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /colin42/Furness.htm (439 words)

	Furness Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Furness itself was attacked in 1316 and when the Scots came again in 1322 under Robert Bruce, the abbot, John Cockerham, paid a ransom and entertained Robert in his own lodgings rather than try to defend the abbey and its property.
		Disputes between the abbey and nearby landowners became frequent by the beginning of the sixteenth century and when Henry VIII wielded his power to suppress the monasteries, Furness became the first of the major monasteries to submit.
		The abbey began to attract interest from the public during the Romantic period, with poetry by Wordsworth, who knew the abbey well, and drawings and engravings by Turner among others, encouraging tourists to view the ivy-clad remains.
	www.heritage.me.uk /religiou/furness.htm (551 words)

	Furness Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Furness Abbey was one of the richest Cistercian monasteries in England, exceeded only by Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire.
		The Abbey developed a harbour on Walney Island to promote its trade in wool and iron, and built a castle at Piel for protection.
		At Dalton in Furness, nearby, is a 14th Century Pele Tower, Dalton Castle, which was used by the Abbey as an administrative centre and court house.
	www.visitcumbria.com /sl/furnabb.htm (238 words)

	Mostly Medieval - Exploring the Middle Ages: God and War: Abbeys and Priories: Furness Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Furness Abbey lies near the southernmost tip of a peninsula which is cradled by the Atlantic Ocean on one side, and Morecambe Bay on the other.
		The abbey possessed most of the Furness peninsula, a total of 55,000 acres of forest and rich agricultural lands.
		Surrounded by Morecambe Bay and the Lakeland mountains, the abbey remained isolated until the early 14th century.
	www.skell.org /explore/furnessF.htm (286 words)

	Lindal & Marton History
		Furness possibly means 'Fouldray headland', Fouldray being the old Norse name for Piel Island, which lies at the tip of the headland, and 'ness' being Old English for headland.
		Furness is the name used to describe the peninsula to the south-west of the Lake District that includes Lindal-in-Furness, Barrow-in-Furness, Dalton-in-Furness, etc. Furness Abbey was founded in 1127, and possessed large amounts of land in the area.
		Furness Abbey was dissolved in 1537, and its lands were annexed to the Duchy of Lancaster by Act of Parliament in 1540.
	www.lindal-in-furness.co.uk /History/history.htm (3948 words)

	Furness Abbey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Furness Abbey is a Cistercian monastery situated in the Furness region of Cumbria.
		Founded in 1123 by Stephen, Count of Blois, the monastery was one of the richest and grandest Cistercian Abbeys.
		It now lies in ruins and is a popular tourist attraction, lying on the Cistercian Way - an ancient walk popular with tourists, which used to link the Abbey with the town of Dalton-in-Furness.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Furness_Abbey (113 words)

	HMS Cruiser - Model Boats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The name Furness Abbey is taken from an Abbey founded in 1127 on land given to the Savigny monks of Normandy by the future King Stephen.
		By 1150 the Abbey was in the hands of the Cistercian monks and in its time the Abbey was one of the most powerful in the country.
		I chose to build Furness Abbey using styrene sheets for the wheelhouse and decks but the templates are suitable for all materials, leaving the choice up to the individual.
	www.modelboats.co.uk /features/furness (1852 words)

	Dalton & Furness Online Furness Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Despite its remoteness, Furness did not escape the Norman onslaught and considerable areas of land were laid waste, and presumably many of its inhabitants put to the sword.
		Just over four centuries later, at the time of the dissolution in 1537, the monastery was still expanding, and what had begun as a simple Benedictine abbey had by then become the second largest monastery in the kingdom, a glittering symbol of monastic industry and endeavour, and the source of Dalton's pride and prosperity.
		The feudal conditions which existed in Furness immediately after the Conquest are now impossible to determine in detail, but following the foundation of the abbey it appears that the population of Furness was divided into three classes.
	www.rdarby.demon.co.uk /newfrns.htm (932 words)

	Furness Abbey
		Absorbed by the Cistercians in 1147, Furness became the second richest Cistercian house in England.
		In common with many of the large abbeys, the building works spanned several centuries resulting in a variety of styles and ideas.
		The entire complex still exudes the power and importance that Furness held in medieval England, and the surviving features with their intricate designs further demonstrate the wealth of the abbey.
	www.theheritagetrail.co.uk /abbeys/furness_abbey.htm (389 words)

	Furness Abbey Cumbria
		Sandwiched between Barrow and Dalton are the magnificent and substantial red sandstone remains of Furness Abbey set in the beautiful Vale of Nightshade, a narrow wooded valley.
		Robert the Bruce raided the abbey in 1322, promising not to plunder or burn it, upon accepting a ransom from the abbot, John Cockerham.
		Furness Abbey is located one mile north of Barrow-in-Furness, on a minor road off the A590.
	www.thecumbriadirectory.com /Tourist_Attractions/Abbeys_Monasteries_and_Churche/Furness_Abbey/Furness_Abbey.php (587 words)

	Images Of Cumbria - Dalton Parish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The magnitude of the abbey may be known from the dimensions of the ruins; and enough is standing to show the style of the architecture.
		In magnitude, this abbey was the second in England, belonging to the Cistercian monks, and the next in opulence to Fountains Abbey, in Yorkshire.
		Previous to noticing the dissolution of the abbey, the motives that led thereto, and the changes thereby produced in the state of Furness, it may be necessary to take a summary view of the origin and progress of monastic life, the various religious orders, and the introduction of monachism into this country.
	www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk /cumbria/dalton.html (9540 words)

	Dalton-in-Furness -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Historically, it is the capital of the (additional info and facts about Furness) Furness peninsula.
		The town is situated near the centre of Low (additional info and facts about Furness) Furness, on the eastern crest of a (additional info and facts about glaciated valley) glaciated valley which runs obliquely across the peninsula.
		Just over a mile to the south lie the ruins of (additional info and facts about Furness Abbey) Furness Abbey, and four miles to the south west is the nearest major town, (additional info and facts about Barrow-in-Furness) Barrow-in-Furness.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/da/dalton-in-furness1.htm (205 words)

	Barrow Borough Council - Local History & Heritage
		The Abbey of St. Mary of Furnesia, a magnificent ruin of a vast and imposing building constructed in the distinctive local red sandstone and set in the deep, wooded valley of Bekansgill.
		The Abbey was founded in 1127 on land granted by King Stephen to the Abbot of Savigny in Normandy.
		Benefiting from the architectural and agricultural abilities of the Cistercian monks, the power and wealth of the Abbey grew and by the 12th Century was unchallenged throughout Furness.
	www.barrowbc.gov.uk /main.asp?page=150 (1493 words)

	DALTON-IN-FURNESS - LoveToKnow Article on DALTON-IN-FURNESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		N.E. by N. of Barrow-in-Furness by the Furness railway.
		The church of St Mary is in the main a modern reconstruction, but retains ancient fragments and a font believed to have belonged to Furness Abbey.
		Here was held the manorial court of Furness Abbey.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DA/DALTON_IN_FURNESS.htm (114 words)

	Furness Abbey
		Founded in 1127 as the Abbey of St. Mary, by the monks of Savigny, Furness Abbey has a long and sometimes turbulent history.
		The Abbey itself managed to buy itself protection, but the surrounding area was sacked and pillaged.
		In 1537 the monastery was taken over by Henry VIII's forces and the Abbey was stripped of its many treasures as well as the lead from the roof and much of its stonework, leaving the ruins that remain to this day.
	www.explorelowfurness.co.uk /furnessabbey.htm (115 words)

	Tourist information for Barrow in furness. barrow, tourist, tourism, information, furness, cumria, lakes, Lake ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Situated in the Vale of Deadly Nightshade', Furness Abbey is the second largest Cistercian Abbey in England and the magnificent ruins convey both the grandeur and austerity of life in times past.
		The Abbey is one of the sites visited on 'The Cistercian Way', a way-marked walk joining together many places of religious heritage on both the Furness and Cartmel Peninsulas.
		The town's modern history began in 1846, with the birth of the Furness Railway, which celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1996 The Railway was built to transport local iron ore and slate out of the area.
	www.furness.co.uk /on-line/tourbarrow.htm (243 words)

	The Furness Railway Company
		The Furness area was traditionally very isolated: the only road to reach the area before the coming of the railway was across the treacherous sands of Morecambe Bay.
		In November 1843, a Prospectus was published for the Furness Railway, linking the slate quarries of Kirkby in Furness, and iron ore in the Lindal area to a deep water berth at Roa Island (south of Barrow in Furness at the mouth of the Walney Channel).
		And the Furness Railway Trust - with assets like 1863-built Furness Railway Number 20 and the ex Furness and North London Railway coach - is also working to keep the memory of the Furness Railway alive.
	www.furnessrailwaytrust.org.uk /frco.htm (1190 words)

	Tourist information about Piel Island and Castle in Furness. tourism, information, barrow, ulverston, furness, cumbria, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		After the Savignacs merged with the Cistercians in the middle of the century, Furness Abbey started to grow and the need for a safe harbour was felt.
		In 1212 King John granted the Abbey a license to land one cargo of "wheat, flour and other provisions" in order to stave off a famine caused by the failure of the local harvest.
		The current motte and bailey "castle" with its defence ditches was built in the early part of the fourteenth century and was the largest of its kind in the north-west.
	www.furness.co.uk /on-line/tourpiel.htm (1117 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Furness Abbey
		Through the foundation of Rushin there was frequent communication between Furness and the Isle of Man and more than one monk of Furness became Bishop of Man. This, no doubt, was due to the privilege held by the Abbey of Rushin of appointing the bishop, subject to the consent of the Manxmen.
		Nicholas de Meaux, a native of the Orkneys and once a canon of Wartre, was a monk at Meaux, a monk and Abbot of Furness, and finally Bishop of Man. Jocelin, a monk of Furness and afterwards of Iniscourcy, in Ireland, wrote the life of St.
		In October, 1535, the royal commissioners visited the abbey; a little later the monks were accused of being implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace and two of them were imprisoned at Lancaster.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06324a.htm (530 words)

	The northern boundary, 1338 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In other words, Furness Abbey determined their bounds by reference to the bounds of the Egremont estates; the Egremont estates determined their bounds by reference to the bounds of the Furness Abbey estates (see also below).
		First, the Eskdale boundary follows the Furness Abbey boundaries all the way to John de Hodeleston's land, which means that the boundary of Borrowdale met the boundary of Furness's other local property, Brotherilkeld (i.e.
		Second, it doesn't name the junction with the Furness boundary which tends to indicate that it is nameless, supporting the identification of 'le cance' as Skew Gill, and suggesting that the Borrowdale boundary ran along the ridge immediately above the head of the Gill.
	freespace.virgin.net /past.presented/norbound.htm (513 words)

	Field Archaeology
		Calder abbey foundations made in 1134 by Ranulf de Gernon early of Chester 1129 to 1153, with Abbot Gerald as its head.
		The abbey was small and compact and in1381 there were only four monks and three lay brethren, living and working at the abbey.
		The dissolution, Calder abbey was required by the notorious commissioner, Thomas Leigh, and parts of it were adapted for occupation.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /colin42/Calder.htm (257 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In 1132, an abbey was established on the banks of the River Skell by a group of 13 Benedictine monks who had left Saint Mary's Abbey, York and wished to return to the basic tenets of the Rule of Saint Benedict.
		This was the wealthiest Gilbertine house in Yorkshire
		In 1078, the Benedictine abbey was rebuilt by the Earls of Northumberland.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/mma127.html (1773 words)

	Ireleth-Askam history (chapter 4)
		As described in chapter one, the monks of Furness Abbey were great merchants and industrialists.
		In 1338 the Abbot of Furness Abbey received permission to impark the woods of Rampside, Sowerby, Roanhead, Greenscow, Hagg and Millwood, and eventually these parks were made into farms.
		Barnes states that, 'Furness ore, usually quite soft, did not need gunpowder and was worked with pick, spade, and gad or wedge'; turn-of-the-century maps of Askam show magazine depots, though these may have been for the extraction of limestone at Greenscoe.
	users.hunterlink.net.au /~mbemdm/chapter4.html (2142 words)

	pp 036-055 - Manx Soc vol 15 ANTIQUITATES MANNIAE
		CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S. THE ruins of Rushen Abbey, or of the Abbey of St. Mary of Russin, are situated on the western bank of the Silverburn, close by the village of Ballasalla, in the parish of Malew, and Sheading of Rushen, two miles north of Castletown, Isle of Man.
		This abbey was an offshoot of the Abbey of St. Mary of Furness, which received a grant of lands in the Isle of Man from Olave Godredson, King of Man and the Isles, in or about the year 1134.
		A computus of the demesnes property of the Abbey, occurs in a Roll, 1540-41, a transcript of which is in the possession of Mark Quayle, Esq., the present Clerk of the Rolls in the Isle of Man, and which I had printed in extenso in my Story of Rushen Castle and Rushen Abbey.
	www.isle-of-man.com /manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol15/p036.htm (2927 words)

	Notes of Lessons
		Step I.--Find out whether the pupils have seen the Abbey and get them to describe, or describe to them, the "Vale of Deadly Nightshade." Show some general views of the ruins and picture the foundation of the Abbey by a colony of Benedictine monks from Normandy, to whom Stephen had given his lands in Furness.
		Question the pupils as to the buildings necessary, the probably form of the church, and the portions with which the monks would begin, sketching on the board a rough plan of each part as it is mentioned, i.e., the presbytery and transepts, south aisle, cloister, dormitory and chapter house.
		Shade the Norman period, 1090--1150, in one colour; the Early English, 1189--1272, in another; the three decades of transition in a third: and mark the accessions of William the Conqueror, Stephen and Richard I., and the foundation of Furness Abbey.
	www.amblesideonline.org /PR/PR14p304Lessons.shtml (1613 words)

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