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Topic: Fusarium ear blight

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	Agrocourier.com - Fusarium - Fusarium blight – A global problem
		Fusarium pathogens decrease the quality of the harvest, and produce mycotoxins.
		The most serious of the diseases attributable to Fusarium species is ear blight, caused predominantly by the pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum.
		Fusarium pathogens overwinter as conidia and ascospores on moribund plant residues such as straw and stubble.
	www.agrocourier.com /bayer/cropscience/cscms.nsf/id/Fusarium_Agro?Open&ccm=100020000&L=Agro&markedcolor= (523 words)

	Encyclopedia: Fusarium ear blight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear blight (also called FEB, Fusarium head blight, FHB or Scab), is a fungal disease in plants.
		It is responsible for the most common damaging disease that affects golf course grass.
		The Fusarium Ear Blight is due to a Fusarium fungus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Fusarium-ear-blight (311 words)

	ICPP98 Paper Number 2.8.5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear blight (FEB) is recognized to be a significant disease of wheat throughout the world [1].
		The objective of this study was to determine a mathematical relationship between the severity of FEB symptoms caused by Fusarium culmorum and yield components of the winter wheat cultivar Avalon.
		All ears harvested were threshed and the number of grains per ear and individual grain weight determined for each single ear and each subplot at 15% moisture content.
	www.bspp.org.uk /icpp98/2.8/5.html (583 words)

	Fusarium ear blight -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear blight (also called FEB or Scab), is a (Click link for more info and facts about fungal) fungal disease in plants.
		It also represents a serious threat to human health, because it is responsible for dangerous (A toxin produced by a fungus) mycotoxin-infected grain and food items.
		The Fusarium Ear Blight is due to a (Click link for more info and facts about Fusarium) Fusarium fungus.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fu/fusarium_ear_blight.htm (77 words)

	Fusarium Head Blight Bibliography
		Mesterhazy, A. Fusarium diseases of wheat and triticale in South-East Hungary.
		Tammen, J. Pathogenicity of Fusarium roseum to carnation and to wheat.
		New mycotoxins from Fusarium roseum and moldy barley.
	www.cdl.umn.edu /Scab/alph_bib.html (11390 words)

	Fusarium Ear Blight in Wheat
		Fusarium is soil and seed borne - Maize Wheat Maize Wheat rotations are at greatest risk - with Hunter one of the worst affected varieties.
		There are 4 forms of Fusarium, a belt and braces ear wash at ear emergence with Caramba (a new triazole) and Amistar (a strobilin) gives reasonable control of all forms and is essential if saving for seed.
		Toxins occur rarely, and high levels of Fusarium ear blight in Maize Wheat rotations are not a good indicator of likely toxin development.
	www.sbconsultancy.co.uk /clientsarea/Tecnical/Arable/fusarium_ear_blight_in_wheat.htm (438 words)

	ear
		An ear is an organ used by an animal to detect sound which isn't always in the same part of the body.
		The inner ear contains both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and the labyrinth or vestibular apparatus, the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule.
		In botany, an ear is the fruiting body of a grain plant, such as maize or wheat, borne at the end of the stalk.
	www.fact-library.com /ear.html (698 words)

	Kim Hammond-Kosack
		Fusarium ear blight (FEB), commonly known as head scab in the USA, can have a profound effect on wheat grain quality and food safety due to the production of trichothecene mycotoxins (http://www.scabusa.org).
		Fusarium ear blight symptoms 20 days after point inoculation of a susceptible cultivar (right) and the comparable non-inoculated control (left).
		Transcriptome analysis of the response of susceptible and resistant wheat germplasm to Fusarium ear blight infection.
	www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk /ppi/staff/khk.html (1173 words)

	Rural NI \| Publications \| Management notes \| Crops \| Crops notes July 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A blight infection period was recorded from 13-14 June at all monitoring sites and ten blight outbreaks have been reported in crops in counties Antrim, Down, Londonderry and Tyrone.
		Blight symptoms take a minimum of 4-5 days to appear after infection, so new lesions will be seen for some time after treatment.
		Ear sprays, if not yet applied, are unlikely to control Fusarium ear blight effectively but may still be worthwhile for extended protection of the flag leaf and control of sooty moulds and Septoria nodorum on the ear.
	www.ruralni.gov.uk /publications/management_notes/crops/manjul02.htm (1064 words)

	Fusarium ear blight – effect of fungicides to control disease and toxin contamination of wheat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear blight – effect of fungicides to control disease and toxin contamination of wheat
		In the UK, fusarium ear blight (FEB) is a disease complex involving toxin producing and non-toxin producing fungal species.
		Where DON and Fusarium levels are high, half dose application appears to still significantly reduce DON levels although at lower Fusarium levels the half dose application has negligible effect.
	www.vukrom.cz /www/konference/presentations/Nicholson_P/Abstract_Fusarium_ear_blight_effect_of_fungicides.htm (387 words)

	Fusarium - FGSC Fusarium collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear rot is another common ear rot that occurs in Ontario.
		Several different species of Fusarium, a soil-borne fungus, cause wilting of watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, squash, and other vine crops.
		The primary cause of fusarium wilt of canola is Fusarium oxysporum.
	www.hotnewssite.com /?q=fusarium (159 words)

	Plant pathogens: how can molecular genetic information on plant pathogens assist in breeding disease resistant crops
		Fusarium ear blight disease is primarily monocyclic with ear infections occurring when moist conditions prevail at anthesis and inoculum is available (Parry et al., 1995).
		Jenczmionka NJ, Maier FJ, Losch AP, Schafer W (2003) Mating, conidiation and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of the head-blight disease of wheat, are regulated by the MAP kinase gpmk1.
		Kang ZS and Buchenauer H (2000) Cytology and ultrastructure of the infection of wheat spikes by Fusarium culmorum.
	www.regional.org.au /au/cs/2004/symposia/3/1/2138_hammond-kosack.htm (9889 words)

	Epidemiology of stem base and ear diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is very difficult to discriminate between the three diseases, particularly early in the growing season, and it is impossible to determine visually which species are present in eyespot and brown foot rot lesions.
		Fusarium ear blight, also known as Fusarium head blight or scab is caused by the same Fusarium and Microdochium species as are involved in stem base disease.
		The Fusarium species are of particular concern because they can produce mycotoxins in grain that are harmful to human and animal consumers.
	www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk /staff/paul-nicholson/stem-epi.htm (213 words)

	Crop Centre - Ear Disease Complex
		Disease found on wheat ears is usually due to a complex of fungal pathogens, the most important being those of the Fusarium family.
		The severity of ear blight is dependent on weather conditions during and after flowering.
		Aditionally, Fusarium species are also a component in stem base disease and this provides the spores for infection of the ears.
	www.bayercropscience.co.uk /output.aspx?sec=554&con=556 (322 words)

	European Mycotoxin Awareness Network - EMAN - Factsheets for HACCP prevention and control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium development in the field are currently mainly because of FEB rather than the mycotoxin risk.
		Fusarium infection is generally considered to be a pre-harvest problem, poor drying practices can lead to susceptibility in storage and mycotoxin contamination.
		Fusarium infection in the UK is exacerbated by wet periods in the summer.
	www.lfra.co.uk /eman2/fsheet3_5.asp (1932 words)

	Europa - Research - Quality of life - Key Action 5
		Ear blight, caused by several Fusarium species, is a significant threat to wheat production in the EU.
		Fusarium species can produce a range of mycotoxins, which may pose a considerable health threat to consumers.
		Fusarium species will be diagnosed and quantified using newly developed PCR techniques and, mycotoxins quantified.
	europa.eu.int /comm/research/quality-of-life/ka5/en/31517.html (207 words)

	Fusarium Head Blight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grains (a.k.a."Scab") was first described just over a century ago and considered a major threat to wheat and barley during the early years of this century (6).
		Most species of Fusarium are spread by dispersal of conidiospores that are blown or splashed to new infection courts.
		Sutton, J. Epidemiology of wheat head blight and maize ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum.
	www.apsnet.org /education/feature/FHB/Top.htm (3001 words)

	Fusarium - Fusarium Blight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium: Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium is a new book on this significant This volume covers widespread research in many Fusarium subject areas for
		Pathogenic Fusarium species are described from the point of view of their Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in infected cereals in the field and in
		Fusarium blight is caused by the widespread fungi Fusarium roseum and F. The fungi that cause fusarium blight survive the winter in the thatch layer and
	www.publicdomainname.com /pdn/fusarium.html (184 words)

	Fusarium ear blight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear blight, also called FEB, is a fungal disease in plants.
		It is known for being responsible of the most common damaging disease of golf courses grass.
		It is also representing a serious threat to human health, as it is responsible for the production of dangerous mycotoxin-infected grain and food items.
	www.theezine.net /f/fusarium-ear-blight.html (107 words)

	Indices of Past Issues - Plant Diseases \| Integrated Crop Management
		Corn ear molds and mycotoxins in fall 2003 (October 6, 2003)
		Anthracnose leaf blight starting to show up in corn (June 11, 2007)
		Corn ear molds and mycotoxins (October 21, 2002)
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/icm/indices/plantdiseases.html (4066 words)

	Fusarium patch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fusarium patch is a fungal disease that occurs on grass.
		Golf courses are very favourable environment to fusarium development, as greens are usually well watered, sheltered by trees, will high-level of nitrogen and rather alkaline soil.
		Michrodochium nivale development can be controlled through different management methods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fusarium_patch (129 words)

	Rural NI \| Crops \| Cereals & Combinable Crops \| Crop Management \| Crop Monitor \| 28th June 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Record the number of tillers on which aphids are found, the average number of aphids per ear and the percentage of aphids that have been mummified by parasites.
		The west of Northern Ireland has had the highest blight pressure and a further infection period was recorded at Limavady and Newtownstewart from 20-21 June.
		Growers should continue to monitor crops closely for signs of blight and apply fungicides at intervals appropriate for the blight risk in their area.
	www.ruralni.gov.uk /crops/cereals_combinable_crops/crop_management/crop_monitor/r28jun02.htm (1586 words)

	CROP MONITOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The effect of humidity on FEB and mycotoxin production was assessed in trials carried out between1994 and 1996.
		In 1994, individual plots were inoculated with one of the four FEB pathogens; Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium poae or Microdochium nivale.
		Isolation of Fusarium species present on the ear was carried out at GS65, GS75 and 85 to identify the species responsible for the symptoms assessed.
	cropmonitor.co.uk /decisiontools/fusarium/ephumid3.cfm (248 words)

	Fusarium ear blight - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Fusarium ear blight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fusarium ear blight - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Fusarium ear blight.
		Here you will find more informations about Fusarium ear blight.
		* Microdochium nivale (Monographella nivalis, formerly Fusarium nivale)
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Fusarium-ear-blight.html (182 words)

	Learn more about Wheat in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In particular, spring fertilizers applications, herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators are typically applied at specific stages of plant development.
		For example, current recommandations often indicate the second application of nitrogen be done when the ear (not visible at this stage) is about 1 cm in size (Z31 on Zadok scale).
		Knowledge of stages is also interesting to identify periods of higher risk, in terms of climate.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wh/wheat.html (952 words)

	Environmental Resource Management Publications
		The use of species-specific PCR-based assays to analyse Fusarium ear blight of wheat.
		Fusarium ear blight of wheat: the use of quantitative PCR and visual disease assessment in studies of disease control.
		Efficacy of the fungicides prochloraz and pyrimethanil against Fusarium culmorum ear blight of wheat.
	www.ucd.ie /erm/publications.html (2050 words)

	High levels of blight in winter wheat - This is York Archive - From the Evening Press
		THERE were high levels of fusarium ear blight in last winter's wheat, reports Central Science Laboratory at Sand Hutton.
		It appears as though different fusarium species were responsible for the symptoms in different parts of the country.
		Microdochium nivale (formerly Fusarium nivale), a non-mycotoxin producers, was the predominant species isolated from crops in the east of England.
	archive.thisisyork.co.uk /2000/09/14/312377.html (159 words)

	Evaluation of the response of selected winter wheat cultivars to artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum in field ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Response to artificial infection of ears with isolate 7710 of Fusarium culmorum was evaluated in 35 winter wheat cultivars (lines) with different degrees of resistance and origins (including cultivars registered in Czech Republic).
		On average, patogen-caused reductions of grain number per ear, thousand grain weight and grain weight per ear were 28,6%, 50,7% and 64,9%, respectively.
		Plant height, however, did not apparently influence resistance of cultivars to FEB. On the basis of symptom scoring (VSS) and AUDPC values obtained in four year period the highest resistance level was found in the cultivars (lines) Bizel, Arina, SG-U 466 (Bona) and SG-U-513 (VSS: 0.8-1.0; AUDPC: 181-241).
	www.vukrom.cz /www/konference/presentations/Sip/Poster_Sip_Evaluation_of_the_response_of_selected.htm (246 words)

	The BSPP - Archives - BSPP Presidential Meeting 1997
		The significance of morphological characters such as straw height, peduncle length, compactness of ear and angle of flag leaf on the development of Fusarium ear blight in eight cultivars of winter wheat was studied in a field trial in 1994/95.
		The effect of the individual dwarfing genes Rht 1 and Rht 2 on severity of FEB were studied in an artificially inoculated field trial in 1996/97 using a number of near-isogenic lines of Maris Huntsman.
		It as proposed that saprophytic microflora may interact with ear blight pathogens of wheat and contribute to the poor performance of fungicides against this disease.
	www.bspp.org.uk /archives/bspp1997/bspp97session8.htm (1348 words)

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