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	Fusarium patch : Information and resources about Fusarium patch : School Work Guru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Fusarium patch is a fungal disease that occurs on grass.
		Golf courses are very favourable environment to fusarium development, as greens are usually well watered, sheltered by trees, will high-level of nitrogen and rather alkaline soil.
		Other cultural controls are possible, such as the use of resistant varieties, using soil bacteria to improve soil, practices to reduce thatch, improve drainage, mowing and raking infected patches to dry them.
	www.schoolworkguru.org /encyclopedia/f/fu/fusarium_patch.html (190 words)

	Cool-Weather Turf Diseases
		Fusarium patch (not to be confused with summer patch or Fusarium blight, which are root diseases!) is common and can be troublesome any time of the year during cool to cold, wet weather.
		Fusarium patch is often most damaging when there is prolonged snow cover or when the turf remains moist through much of the winter and early spring.
		The tan, to yellow, to bronze patches are often larger (a few inches to several feet in diameter) than that of Fusarium patch and appear in a variety of forms such as concentric rings, crescent shapes, or frog eyes (green turf in the center of the patch).
	www.ag.uiuc.edu /cespubs/hyg/secure/subscribers/199903f.html (800 words)

	Managing Turfgrass Diseases
		Fusarium patch is the name of the disease that occurs without snow cover.
		Fusarium patch is similar in appearance to pink snow mold except that the centers of the patches are not usually as matted.
		Fusarium patch is typically only a problem on golf courses and can be managed by maintaining a balanced fertility program and avoiding excessive nitrogen applications in mid-fall.
	www.agronomy.psu.edu /Extension/Turf/TurfDis6.html (702 words)

	Chipco - Rovral Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Microdochium nivale (formerly known as Fusarium nivale or Gerlachia nivalis) is the causal organism.
		Fusarium Patch is often more severe in areas of shade or poor air circulation and prolonged leaf wetness.
		Fusarium Patch occurs without snow-cover to form small (2 to 4 cm) round reddish brown spots in the late fall.
	www.chipcocanada.com /rovral.html (409 words)

	Resources
		Initial symptoms are patches 6-24 inches in diameter with a mixture of normal, straw- and red-colored blades around the outer portion of the ring, resulting in a "frog-eye" pattern.
		These patches are straw colored, and enlarge as long as the grass remains cold and wet from melting snow.
		The Fusarium Patch fungus, Microdochium nivalis, produces yellowish patches from several inches to a foot in diameter which usually appear as soon as the snow begins to melt and continue to enlarge as long as the weather is cool and the grass wet.
	www.outsidepride.com /store/resources.php?section=infolawndiseases (4816 words)

	The dirty half-dozen (creeping bentgrass diseases)
		For example, snow molds and yellow patch (synonymous with cool-temperature brown patch) are commonplace on golf courses in Northern states, while southern blight and copper spot are relatively rare and generally only occur in more Southern regions.
		Fusarium patch is a chronic problem in the mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, Northern and Western states, especially the maritime climates of the Pacific Northwest and New England.
		Therefore, while patches may appear in the spring or fall, it is normally during the summer when it becomes widespread read and intractable problem.
	www.grounds-mag.com /mag/grounds_maintenance_dirty_halfdozen_creeping/index.html (2674 words)

	Focus on Fusarium Patch
		Fusarium patch is becoming more of a problem in many parts of Canada, especially during wet springs.
		Dedewing (dew removal) greens is one of the most effective ways to minimize Fusarium patch and to reduce the number of fungicide applications for its control.
		Good control of Fusarium patch in the fall is important to keep inoculum levels low before snow fall.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /cropprot/fusariumpatch.htm (2120 words)

	Fusarium patch
		Fusarium patch is a fungal disease that occurs on grass.
		Golf courses are very favourable environment to fusarium development, as greens are usually well watered, sheltered by trees, will high-level of nitrogen and rather alkaline soil.
		Other cultural controls are possible, such as the use of resistant varieties, using soil bacteria to improve soil, practices to reduce thatch, improve drainage, mowing and raking infected patches to dry them.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/f/fu/fusarium_patch.html (116 words)

	Fusarium Patch
		Fusarium Patch is the commonest fungal disease in British lawns.
		As the patches increase in size, the central area becomes paler in colour and may become slimy to the touch due to the release of its spores.
		The outer margin of the patches remains dark brown whilst the disease is active.
	www.easylawnturf.co.uk /fusarium.html (234 words)

	Identify Specific Fungal Disease
		Fusarium is common in lawns with thick thatch, and/or that have been improperly watered and fertilized.
		Symptoms are flened, watersoaked patches of flattened grass blades 2 to 6 inches in diameter enlarging to 2 feet across.
		Fusarium patch may occur even if it doesn’t snow, but patches will be only 1 to 2 inches across.
	www.yardener.com /IdentifySpecificFungalDisease.html (2284 words)

	Disease Control on Lawns
		Fusarium patch is caused by the same pathogen as pink snow mould.
		Roughly circular or crescent shaped brown patches, often with a central green tuft of grass, is an indication of brown patch infestation.
		Summer patch often attacks Kentucky bluegrass and annual bluegrass during July and August, when lawn is under stress and soil temperatures are greater than 25°C. Distinct circular patches appear, with a ring pattern up to 10 cm in diameter.
	www.omafra.gov.on.ca /english/crops/gardbk/8dis.htm (2013 words)

	Lawn Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Brown patch is a disease caused by a common soil fungus that attacks all cool season grasses.
		Because the brown patch fungus is an excellent saprophyte, the pathogen will always exist in the turf/soil environment, and the disease will be an annual threat when turf is vulnerable to infection and favorable weather conditions prevail.
		Patch disease often occurs in mature stands of turf that are three or more years old, but occasionally affect younger stands.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /turf/pubs/latin.htm (3630 words)

	Take-all Patch
		The patch diseases are root pathogens that attack the roots and crowns.
		Take-all patch was first reported as a severe disease on bentgrass in Holland in the 1930's.
		Take-all patch, formerly known as Ophiobolus patch, is caused by the Gaeumannomyces graminis.
	www.omafra.gov.on.ca /english/crops/facts/info_takeall.htm (989 words)

	Lawn Diseases - Identification and Prevention
		If you’ve ruled out pests and weeds as the problem causing unsightly patches in your lawn, then it’s time to examine common lawn diseases as the culprit.
		The problem causing the ring is a fungus that flourishes in the warm temperatures and especially with damp conditions caused by thatch.
		In the spring, white or pink dead patches of matted grass remain in one foot sections or larger across the lawn.
	www.greatlandscapingideas.com /lawndisease.html (1443 words)

	Kugel patch lawsuits filed after FDA recall - Hissey Kientz L L P
		This legal action alleges that the patch failed after it was implanted, causing severe pain to a hernia patient.
		The man’s Kugel mesh patch was implanted in 2004.
		The device used by his doctor was not covered by the initial Kugel hernia patch recall but was included in the second recall.
	www.hkllp.com /kugel-patch/hernia-patch-lawsuits.html (355 words)

	IOG - Members Only -Turf Health - Fusarium Patch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The infected turf is damp and slimy when the fusarium is active and the fungal mycelium can also sometimes be seen on the surface of the grass.
		During any one year it has been suggested that some 95% of UK greenkeepers experience an attack of fusarium and that over 80% of all fungicide applications on UK turf are for the control of fusarium patch disease.
		Of the incidences of fusarium on the professional football pitches, about one-half were in the autumn whilst one-third were in the summer.
	www.iog.org /technical/turfhealth/turfhealth-fusarium.asp (649 words)

	Common Lawn Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		If the problem is severe and doesn't respond in one or two years, you may have to kill the lawn with a non-selective herbicide and then replant.
		In spring or early fall, scratch the bare patch with a ground rake and sprinkle with lawn seed.
		Solution: Fusarium patch makes 2 to 12-inch-wide brown spots or weblike threads in thatch and grass in early spring.
	www.rd.com /content/common-lawn-problems (379 words)

	IPM Prescriptions for Diseases of Ornamental Plants and Turfgrasses
		Fusarium blight is very similar to summer patch and it is often hard to distinguish between the two.
		Fusarium patch, or pink snow mold, can develop at temperatures below 16C but spreads rapidly at temperatures of 0-16C when conditions are overcast or shady, and wet.
		A key identifying characteristic is red leaf blades in stressed grass at the perimeter of the patch along with bronze to reddish brown grass that fades to a dull brown to gray.
	www.efn.org /~ipmpa/diseases.html (6005 words)

	Solving Lawn Problems
		These patches often first appear near sidewalks, driveways, streets, and other borders such as railroad ties or flagstones that reflect heat onto the lawn.
		In late spring the webworms’ feeding causes small brown patches, 1 to 2 inches in diameter, to appear in the lawn where the thatch layer is exposed.
		These dead patches may be round spots or may look like lightning bolt streaks running across the lawn.
	www.yardener.com /SolvingLawnProblems.html (1026 words)

	National Gardening Association :: National Gardening Association
		The easiest way to get your tomato patch started is to purchase young plants, also called transplants or starts.
		For instance, many tomato varieties are resistant to soil-borne diseases such as verticillium and fusarium wilts and nematodes.
		Most seed catalogs indicate resistance to these diseases by putting F (fusarium), V (verticillium), N (nematodes) after the variety name.
	www.garden.org /articles/articles.php?q=show&id=354 (678 words)

	O'Kelley Ground Maintenance, Boise valley lawn care professional, Fertilizers can help control turfgrass diseases
		Whereas mid- to late-spring fertilizer applications generally are helpful to turf, high rates (greater than 1.5 pounds N per 1,000 square feet) in early spring may force too much leaf growth and deplete food reserves that the turf will need later in the season to help fend off diseases.
		Take-all patch is a root disease that has plagued creeping-bentgrass fairways and greens for decades.
		They found that ammonium sulfate reduced summer patch in Kentucky bluegrass up to 80 percent compared to nitrate sources of N using rates of 4 pounds of N per 1,000 square feet, split into several applications over the course of a growing season.
	www.taxproboise.com /lawn-care/fertilizer.html (2215 words)

	Lawsuits over the Duragesic patch - Hissey Kientz L L P
		A: Duragesic (fentanyl transdermal system) is a skin patch belonging to a group of medicines known as narcotic or opioid analgesics.
		The Duragesic patch is used to relieve around-the-clock pain (chronic pain) that is moderate to severe and is expected to last for a while.
		A: You should not use the Duragesic patch if you are not already using other narcotic medicines; if you need such pain medicines for only a short time; if you need pain relief from surgery, medical or dental procedures; or if you have pain that can be relieved by occasional use of other pain medicines.
	www.hkllp.com /duragesic-patch/duragesic-patch-lawsuits-faq.html (661 words)

	Product Guide: Scotts® Lawn Fungus Control
		For prevention of dollar spot, copper spot, red thread, anthracnose, stripe smut, Fusarium patch and brown patch, apply to dry or moist foliage at the NORMAL RATE when disease activity is noted or suspected, then repeat at 2-3-week intervals.
		For suppression of summer patch diseases (summer patch, Fusarium blight, and necrotic ring spot), apply at the DOUBLE RATE every 30 days (beginning in late spring to early summer).
		To prevent fungus disease, apply to a dry or moist lawn at the preventative rate when disease activity is noted or suspected; repeat at two to three week intervals beginning in late spring to early summer during periods of high day and night temperatures and humidity.
	www.scotts.com /index.cfm/event/showdocument/documentId/f9095679818cac79e4af21db473414bd (389 words)

	Gardening-UK gardening Dow Agrosciences at Saltex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Not surprisingly, Dow AgroSciences found in a recent survey that 98% of golf courses suffered from fusarium patch each year, and 68% of those experienced fusarium patch on all their greens.
		Fusarium patch is caused by the fungus Michrodochium nivale which is well suited to growing in the UK's cool wet climate.
		Rimidin, based on the active ingredient fenarimol, was launched in January 1993 primarily for the control of fusarium patch, and has become widely adopted by greenkeepers.
	www.gardening-uk.co.uk /Saltex/dow.htm (826 words)

	LawnFox - Brown Patch
		Occasionally, brown patch becomes a problem on Kentucky bluegrasses in mid- to late-summer during extended periods of high temperature and humidity.
		On high-cut turf, patches may be up to several feet in diameter and circular.
		A distinguishing feature of brown patch on golf course putting greens is the presence of dark purplish rings around the periphery of the patches.
	www.lawnfox.com /diseases/brown_patch.htm (574 words)

	Lawn Disease
		Fusarium blight occurs most commonly in areas that have been stressed for moisture and in areas in full sun.
		Fusarium blight first appears as small, circular, grayish green areas, ranging from a few inches up to a foot in diameter.
		Summer patch appears as circular yellow or tan areas up to one foot in diameter, consisting of dead and dying plants.
	pasture.ecn.purdue.edu /~epados/lawn/extra/OLD/srcold2/Turf_Diseases.htm (3872 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Microdochium Patch (Fusarium Patch, Pink Snow Mold) on Turfgrass
		Microdochium patch is also called Fusarium patch as well as pink snow mold in areas that receive snowfall; the fungus can attack turf underneath the snow cover, causing considerable damage if fungicides are not applied before snowfall.
		If Microdochium patch has been a problem in previous years, apply a fungicide in fall before symptoms develop.
		In areas where Microdochium patch is chronic, apply fungicides before the advent of cool, wet weather (late fall to early spring), and continue applications until the environmental conditions no longer favor pathogen development.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r785101811.html (431 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Dead Patches on Lawn
		These are many reasons why these may occur and the most likely are not usually due to pests or diseases.
		Fusarium patch or snow moulds are prevalent in cold weather.
		Brown and yellow patch, take-all patch and red thread are prevalent when conditions are warm.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles1000/lawn_dead_patches.asp (211 words)

	reviewjournal.com -- Living: GARDENING: Classes scheduled to train new master ...
		Brown patch is a midsummer disease usually related to high fertilizer and water levels associated with rains.
		Morris has identified summer patch as a major problem in bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue during past summers.
		It appears as small, circular patches of slow-growing, thinned or wilted turf 1 to 3 inches across and may get up to 2 1/2 feet and larger.
	www.reviewjournal.com /lvrj_home/2004/Aug-12-Thu-2004/living/24500929.html (1043 words)

	Lawn Diseases
		Brown Patch forms large (several feet) uneven circles with a gray to brown coloration.
		Necrotic Ring Spot is similar to summer brown patch and forms frog eyed spotting with a reddish purple coloring with the disease growing on the grass for a period of time but not showing until the warmer, dryer parts of the summer.
		Summer Patch (fusarium blight) appears as green growths in the middle of dead brown patches.
	www.herbi-systems.com /FAQ_s/Lawn_Diseases/lawn_diseases.htm (670 words)

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