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Topic: Fusion energy gain factor

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	Fusion energy gain factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state.
		The neutrons are not held back by the magnetic fields (in magnetic confinement fusion) or the dense plasma (in inertial confinement fusion) but are absorbed in a surrounding "blanket".
		The one channel of energy loss that is independent of the confinement scheme and practically impossible to avoid is Bremsstrahlung radiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fusion_energy_gain_factor (810 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Resource transitions and energy gain: contexts of organization
		Energy gain, or EROI, varies with the quality (transformity) of a resource deposit and with the efficiency of the technology used to locate, extract, process, distribute, and exploit the resource.
		High energy gain can arise from using a resource that is of high intrinsic quality but untapped, or from technological development that allows an increase in the EROI of a previously used resource.
		Energy gain is a uniquely valuable approach to understanding past and future human resource transitions and the ways of life that future energy will both enable and impose.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol7/iss3/art4/main.html (7882 words)

	Abogado En Especialista Fusiones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fusion energy gain factor - The fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state.
		Pure fusion weapon - A pure fusion weapon is a hypothetical hydrogen bomb design that does not need a fission "primary" explosive to ignite the fusion of deuterium and tritium, two heavy isotopes of hydrogen (see Teller-Ulam design for more information about fission-fusion weapons).
		Magnetic fusion energy - The magnetic fusion energy (MFE) program seeks to establish the conditions to sustain a nuclear fusion reaction in a plasma that is contained by magnetic fields to allow the successful production of fusion power.
	www.giurisprudance.com /abogadoenespecialistafusiones.html (678 words)

	Bogdan Maglich: Migma Fusion
		This invention relates to nuclear fusion reactors, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a method and means for deriving electrical power from nuclear fusion produced by the self-colliding of the ions within a mixture of accelerated ions of like charge in a magnetic field.
		Figure 6 is an example of a graphic diagram of the energy distribution of ions in a migma in the laboratory frame of reference for the case of deuterons injected with a kinetic energy of 2.2 MeV and with an energy dispersion of 4%.
		Figure 7 is a graphic diagram comparing the distributions of the kinetic energy in the rest frame of a single particle ("effective collision energy") for a migma (heavy line) and a plasma (dashed line) in the units of the injection energy.
	www.rexresearch.com /maglich/migma.htm (6769 words)

	Fusion power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fission, as well as fusion, were first used in the military field, in order to build very powerful bombs: Nuclear weapons — "atomic bombs" — using only fission reactions, and Thermonuclear weapons — "hydrogen bombs" — which use a conventional fission bomb to provide sufficient heat and pressure to trigger the fusion reaction.
		Fusion is not a chain reaction and therefore cannot run out of hand: under normal conditions, the fusion process runs at the fastest possible rate, and any deviation from this optimum leads to a decrease in energy production.
		Fusion power has many of the benefits of long-term renewable energy sources (such as a long-term continuous energy supply and no greenhouse gas emissions) but also some of the benefits of (relatively) short-term energy sources like hydrocarbons and nuclear fission (without reprocessing), such as very high power-generation density and uninterrupted power delivery (i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fusion_power (5510 words)

	IEER Report: Dangerous Thermonuclear Quest
		Since the breakeven point between driver energy output and fusion energy output has yet to be achieved, the scientific feasibility of pure fusion weapons has not yet been established, as we have discussed.
		Note that the x-ray energy already generated in the wire-array z-pinch is larger than the 1.8 MJ of laser energy planned for NIF several years into the next century.
		The arrangements to capture the neutron energy from the D-T reactions outside the reaction chamber, the generation of tritium fuel on a continuous (or near-continuous) basis, considerations of durability of machines under heavy bombardment of macroscopic explosions and of neutron radiation together constitute formidable obstacles to ICF fusion power development.
	www.ieer.org /reports/fusion/chap4.html (3972 words)

	New Energy Times
		In April 1989, a “garage experiment” on cold fusion was set up by xxxxxx xxxxxx of Amoco and xxxx xxxxx of the University of Houston on the basic of a common interest in a scientific curiosity.
		The calculation of the energy gain depended upon assigning an energy to the dissociation of heavy water into its components, deuterium and oxygen.
		The energy gain during this experiment was 10%, but it was felt that the modifications to the calorimetric chamber had introduced an error such that the energy gain determined was conservative It should be noted that all of these experiments used the same palladium ingot purchased by xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx in Houston.
	www.newenergytimes.com /reports/amoco.htm (701 words)

	Future Energy eNews by Integrity Research Institute; April 28, 2003
		The fusion energy generated in the experiment is estimated to be 4 millijoules — about a billionth of the electricity put in — so the technique has some way to go in terms of efficiency.
		The consensus that cold fusion must be nonsense resulted in "a breakdown in the process of unbiased, objective reporting of scientific information", Chubb wrote in the introduction to the issue he edited.
		Conventional wisdom expects the fusion reaction between two deuterium nuclei (each made up of a proton and a neutron) to yield either a tritium atom (a proton and two neutrons) plus a free proton, or an atom of helium-3 (two protons and a neutron) plus a free neutron.
	freeenergynews.com /Directory/Newsletters/IRI/030428.html (8608 words)

	Bogdan Maglich: Migma Fusion Report
		A fusion program less ambitious in its objectives and technology than the official programs, but such that could be reduced to practice before the large "ignited" plasma fusion power reactors with "infinite gain" become a reality, is described.
		Their energy gain is "infinite" since zero (or very little) of the system’s energy is fed back into the system.
		Since the migma fusion process is initiated by direct nuclear collisions in intersecting orbits (a modified concept of "colliding beams") rather than by the heating of plasmas, it does not have to use the uranium-tritium-deuterium-lithium cycle.
	www.rexresearch.com /maglich/migma2.htm (8710 words)

	[No title]
		While magnetic fusion has not pressed hard to find a possible nearer term customer for fusion-grade plasmas, it is time now to fully explore all possibilities and determine if there is potential to expand fusion's customer base and build a stronger underpinning of support for the program.
		Despite the substantial successes in fusion research during the past two decades, such as the achievements in pushing temperature, density, and confinement parameters to reactor-grade levels, funding for fusion appears to remain in lock step with supply and demand circumstances for oil.
		Members of the magnetic and inertial fusion communities are preparing a draft roadmap that includes both magnetic and inertial fusion energy approaches in a unified framework.
	www.ofes.fusion.doe.gov /more_html/FPA.Web/FPAtalk.html (3559 words)

	The 2005 MIT Colloquium, Honoring Eugene Mallove
		If cold fusion were to substitute for current energy production systems, then pollution and harmful "greenhouse" gases would disappear as present pollution (30,000 tons carbon dioxide, 600 tons sulfur dioxide, and 80 tons nitrogen oxide from 9,000 tons of coal per gigawatt-day) would be replaced by only four pounds of safe inert helium.
		To apply their BE fusion mechanism, the ground-state solution is used to obtain theoretical estimates of the probabilities and rates of nuclear fusion for N identical Bose nuclei confined in an ion trap or an atomic cluster.
		The associated barrier is overcome through an energy minimization procedure that includes a competition between attractive forces provided by a harmonic trapping potential (similar to potentials provided by magneto-optical traps, that are used to trap alkali atoms in atomic Bose Einstein Condensates) and Coulomb repulsion.
	www.infinite-energy.com /iemagazine/issue62/mitcolloquium.html (5311 words)

	[No title]
		The CETI gain factor > being used is: > > gain = (heat out) / (energy in) > > and underestimates the gain by neglecting the energy out from the > hydrogen.
		If the gases are, in fact, recombined in the cell, the associated energy appears as part of the heat output of the cell, and it is inappropriate to make the adjustment to the denominator of the ratio.
		If that were to be done the recombination energy would be counted twice: as a part of the heat output and as a reduction to the input.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/academic/physics/Cold-fusion/fd-latest/thruFD4541 (7019 words)

	Asia Times Online Community and News Discussion - The Chinese Century Has Arrived!
		A nuclear fusion device will be built in the country by the end of the year, which will help scientists try to come to grips with the new source of power before the rest of the world.
		The reactor will emulate the fusion power of the Sun, harnessing the tremendous amounts of energy that are released when atoms fuse.
		Fusion power holds the key to solving projected energy shortages, with just 1 kilogram of fusion fuel capable of creating as much power as 10 million kilograms of fossil fuel.
	forum.atimes.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=6364 (6056 words)

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