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Topic: Futhark

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Older Futhark

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	Futhark
		Futhark, the name of the Nordic runic alphabet, comes from the initial characters, similar to the origin of the word "alphabet".
		The original Nordic rune alphabet, the 24-type futhark, is often called the "rune line" and was organized in 3 groups of 8 runes each, called ätter (families); Frey's ätt, Hagal's ätt and Tyr's ätt respectively, with the first character in each group being examplified by the initial character of the name.
		The initial Nordic futhark of 24 runes was later shortened to 16 runes.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fu/Futhark.html (247 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Futhark
		One theory concerning the origin of Futhark states that the Goths were the inventors of Futhark, but there is insufficient supporting evidence to prove this theory.
		In England, the Anglo-Saxons brought Futhark from continental Europe in the 5th century CE and modified it into the 33-letter "Futhorc" to accommodate sound changes that were occurring in Old English, the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons.
		Futhark continued to be used in Scandinavia for centuries longer, but by 1600 CE, it had become nothing more than curiosities among scholars and antiquarians.
	www.ancientscripts.com /futhark.html (1299 words)

	Elder Futhark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Elder Futhark (or Elder Fuþark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark) is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artefacts (jewellery, amulets, tools, weapons) and rune stones.
		In Scandinavia, the script was simplified to the Younger Futhark from the late 8th century, while the Anglo-Saxons and Frisians extended the Futhark which eventually became the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc after Proto-English /a/ developed to /o/ in nasal environments.
		The longest known inscription in Older Futhark, and one of the youngest, consists of some 200 characters and is found on the early 8th century Eggjum stone, and may even contain a stanza of Old Norse poetry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elder_Futhark (1557 words)

	Runes
		The origins of the futhark alphabet a) The Latin or Roman theory b) The Greek theory c) The Futhark as parent of the European alphabets d) The Etruscan theory IV.
		Futharks were in use from an unsure point in time, some historians say as early as 200 B.C., in some cases till the early Middle Age.
		This Futhark consists of the 24 basic characters, and is the parent of several subsequent variations.
	wave.prohosting.com /jutamago/Runes/runehtml.html (2641 words)

	Elder FUTHARK (Norse Runes)
		The Elder Futhark (Norse Runes) are a collection of 24 symbols divided into three families or aettr.
		They were inscribed on amulets for protection, luck in battle, etc. As the old Norse language had no future tense, these runes were not used for definitive future predictions, but could be consulted to understand trends based in the present (leaving the reader to extrapolate outward as appropriate).
		FUTHARK Fonts (for the Mac) -- some look like they'd be cool, but I don't run a Mac.
	www.candledark.net /silver/futhark (409 words)

	Futhark - Crystalinks
		Runic writing appeared rather late in the history of writing and is clearly derived from one of the alphabets of the Mediterranean area.
		The Anglo-Saxon script added letters to the futhark to represent sounds of Old English that did not occur in the languages that had used the Early Germanic script.
		Futhark actually is analogous to our "alphabet", in that f,u, th, a, r, and k are the first 6 Runic letters, while alpha and beta are the first 2 Greek letters.
	www.crystalinks.com /futhark.html (451 words)

	History of the Runes
		The name "futhark", like the word "alphabet", is derived from the first few letters in the runic sequence, which differs considerably from the order of the Latin alphabet and is unique amongst alphabetic scripts.
		The futhark originally consisted of 24 letters, beginning with F and ending with O, and was used by the northern Germanic tribes of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Northern Germany.
		In Scandinavia, the Elder Futhark remained in use until some time around the eighth century (the time of the Eddas), when drastic changes in the Old Norse language occurred, and corresponding changes in the runic alphabet were made to accommodate the new sounds.
	www.tarahill.com /runes/runehist.html (975 words)

	Futhark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The normal, or Danish futhark, was in use from around A.D.800 and was most common in Denmark.
		The short twig, or Norwegian-Swedish futhark, was in use from around A.D.800 mainly in Norway and Sweden.
		The Medieval futhark was a later developement to include runes corresponding the full Latin alphabet.
	www.canit.se /~griffon/diverse/runes/futhark (682 words)

	Using the Elder FUTHARK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		These runes were inscribed on amulets for protection, luck in battle, etc. As the old Norse/Germanic language had no future tense, these runes were likely not used for definitive future predictions, but could be consulted to understand trends based in the present (leaving the reader to extrapolate outward as appropriate).
		The Elder Futhark were gifted to us humans by Odinn, who hung on the world tree Yggdrasil as an offering.
		As with the tarot, they are arranged in an order, and it is thought that there is method behind this chosen order; that like the tarot, the arrangement leads one on an esoteric journey of discovery of the purpose behind the runes.
	members.aol.com /jehanas/futhark/f_uses.html (953 words)

	The Elder Futhark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The name 'futhark' (or Futhorc for Anglo-Saxon runes) is from the first six symbols in order.
		This Futhark has 24 letters, and was used by the northern Germanic tribes.
		In fact, the Futhark is named after the first six letters in the first aett.
	members.shaw.ca /blackpine/elfu.htm (400 words)

	The Rune School - Courses: INTRO-02 Lesson 7
		It is very clear that the ordering of the runes in the Elder Futhark is deliberate but a number of authors propose alternative arrangements.
		Hagalaz (Haegl) is a natural force of destruction and disruption whereas Naudhiz (Nyd) is a rune of suffering and endurance giving the strength to survive the effects of its partner rune.
		Many of the patterns we find within the Elder Futhark were undoubtedly known to the ancients, but this is not always the case.
	www.runeschool.org /courses/intro_02/07_efuthark.htm (1361 words)

	Runic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the fact that the younger Futhark has sixteen runes, while the Elder Futhark has twenty four, is not fully explained by the some six hundred years of sound changes that had occurred in the North Germanic language group.
		The genesis of the Elder Futhark was complete by the early 5th century, with the Kylver Stone being the first evidence of the futhark ordering as well as of the p rune.
		The two futharks were in parallel use for some time, and one example of this is the Rök Runestone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Futhark (3718 words)

	Digital Norseman: About Runes
		FUTHARK comes from the first six characters where "TH" combination is represented by one rune.
		The Elder Futhark is thought to have been developed from about AD 200.
		The main sound in the 16 character FUTHARK is "o" despite its position.
	www.digitalnorseman.com /runes/rneintro.html (1400 words)

	Elder Futhark (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The 24 runes of the Elder Futhark The Elder Futhark (or Older Futhark, Old Futhark) are the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 7th centuries for inscriptions on artefacts (jewellery, amulets, tools, weapons) and rune stones.
		The longest surviving Inscription in Older Futhark, and one of the youngest, consists of some 200 characters and is found on the early 8th century Eggjum stone, and may even contain a stanza of Old Norse poetry.
		The [[Kylver Stone inscription]] The Older Futhark (named after the initial phoneme of the first six rune names), sometimes also called proto-Nordic (urnordiska), consist of twenty-four runes, often arranged in three rows of eight.
	elder-futhark.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (790 words)

	Irminsul Aettir - Runes - Introduction to the Runes
		The group which consists of the futhark and the ones outside it are the "rune-hoard".
		Often, Dagaz is found as the last rune of the futhark, which is the position that I prefer.
		The Anglo-Saxon Futhark added nine extra runes and some alternate forms of the runes that are found in the Elder Futhark.
	www.eskimo.com /~valkyrie/ru/ruintro.html (4739 words)

	Gates of Valhalla
		Warriors of the Northern fatherlands rise from Hvetramalanad to join the lines of war in the final battle under a dark sky.
		Futhark´s Promo CD is available for sale on Cd´r format with full color covers, this cd includes two songs wich are samples on the downnload section and the videos of the respective ones.
		Futhark is recording its Debut Full Lenght CD at Nebuloza Producciones, after the last gig, Blackfairy left the line up for personal and lack of time reasons and Leprechaun left the band because he left to the United States...
	futharkband.tripod.com /gatesofvalhalla (142 words)

	Futhark Runes and the Constellations
		The symbols and letter sounds of the Runic Alphabet were inherited from the Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs, via Proto Sinaitic Hieroglyphs, Phoenician Script and Archaic Greek.
		The first of the Sacred Meanings encoded into the Futhark Alphabet is that of the Precession of the Equinoxes.
		The "Runic" Alphabet and the "Futhark" Alphabet are one and the same.
	www.geocities.com /futhark_runes/Constellations (299 words)

	13 Moon Calendar Change Peace Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This Elder Futhark Rune practice is done daily and weekly, each Moon completing one set of Runes for 52 moons, or 208 weeks.
		During the Elder Futhark practice and for the ensuing remainder of the Thirteen Years of the Second Creation, the Telektonon Board Play will continue as practiced for the Seven Years of Prophecy, parallel to the practice of the 20 Tablets of the Law of Time and the 7:7::7:7.
		When each of the cards is laid out during the second week of the 7:7::7:7 practice, attention should be paid to see how many “prophecy points” corresponding to the play of the daily Fifth Force Oracle, can be tallied on the back of the cards, just as was done during the Seven Years of Prophecy.
	www.tortuga.com /RinriProject/futhark2.html (1182 words)

	Mystery of the Futhark Alphabet Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Futhark alphabet was used by the North European Germanic peoples (the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish) between the 3rd and 17th centuries A.D. About 3500 stone monuments in Europe, concentrated mostly in Sweden and Norway, are claimed to have been inscribed with this writing.
		Then, it was only a natural development for the Turkish, and the Germanic tribes that, although in locations so far away from each other, they could seperately carry on with this heritage of writing.
		The result submitted to your reading here is just a small part of a greater research that has been going on for the past several years (4).
	www.antalyaonline.net /futhark (226 words)

	Other Rune Sets
		The younger futhark is sometimes referred to as the younger futhork because of the order of the first 6 rune staves.
		The elder futhark goes with the order of Fehu (f) –; Uruz (u) – Thurisaz (th) – Ansuz (a) – Raidho (r) –; Kenaz (k) where as the younger futhark moves the “a” sounding rune towards the middle of the rune row.
		In it’s place the younger futhark rune Oss is placed so we have the order of Fe (f) –; Ur (u) – Thurs (th) – Oss (o) – Raeidh (r) –; Kaun (k) to give us a futhork instead of a futhark.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/14693/89042 (550 words)

	Futhark
		The futhark was an alphabet of runes, used by Germanic people until the fifteenth century.
		The oldest known inscriptions date from the third century.
		Most runic inscriptions in stone are the 16-character futhark of the viking period.
	briem.ismennt.is /5/5.2.a/5.2.5.futhark.htm (57 words)

	Ancient Egyptians and the Futhark Alphabet
		The Futhark Alphabet, which is essentially a set of glyphs representing sounds and ideas, is derived from the Hieroglyphs of the remote Ancient Egyptians.
		Similarly the glyphs of the earliest Teutonic Futhark Alphabet, conveyed a "
		The Runes are referred to as the Futhark Alphabet because
	www.geocities.com /futhark_runes/Ancient_Egyptians_and_the_Futhark_Alphabet.html (174 words)

	Mystery of the Futhark Alphabet Page 2
		As for the Futhark alphabet employed on the stones found in Sweden, the monuments bearing this inscription are studied in two main chapters in Prof.Jansson's study:
		The monuments considered to be in the 16-rune futhark group belong to a later period called the Viking Age which started at about AD.
		During this period, the 24-characters of the Primitive Norse runes became simplified and reduced to 16-rune series.The pages 25-30 and the rest of the book in Jansson's study are allocated to this subject which is beyond the concern of my article.
	www.antalya-ws.com /futhark/FUTHP2E.HTM (698 words)

	Elder Futhark Rune Meanings Part 1 of 3
		However in order to use the runes for such a use you need to know what each rune means or stands for.
		In this article as well as the next two articles we will be giving the meanings for all twenty-four of the elder futhark runes.
		However the meanings that will be listed for this article, as well as the next two articles, are my own interpretations for the elder futhark runes.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/runes/83959 (515 words)

	A short presentation and overview of the Rune alphabet, the futhark... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A short presentation and overview of the Rune alphabet, the futhark...
		The classical (and oldest) rune alphabet, 'The futhark', consisted of 24 letters and begun with the letters 'f', 'u', 'th', 'a', 'r', 'k'.
		Each group is called a 'family' and each family belongs to a god (Frey:s family, Hagals family and Tyr:s family) in the old norse mythology.
	www.luth.se /luth/present/sweden/history/viking_age/runes/overview.html (1110 words)

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