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Topic: Future Surface Combatant

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List of frigates of the Royal Navy

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Duke class frigate

RV Triton

Type 22 frigate

Blackwood class frigate

Type 21 frigate

Whitby class frigate

HMS Triton

King George V class battleship (1911)

HMS Queen Elizabeth (2012)

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	Surface Warfare - Navy Ships
		Surface combatants can also be deployed without a carrier either independently or as part of a surface action group.
		Surface combatants were used to conduct several sea control and power projection missions, which included protecting maritime traffic, performing maritime intercept operations of contraband shipping to sever Iraqi trade, conducting deep-strike Tomahawk missile attacks against Iraq, and providing combat search and rescue operations in the region.
		The subsequent 21st Century Surface Combatant Force Architecture Assessment, completed in February 1996 by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, suggested that the surface combatant force level from 2010 to 2030 could be even smaller than the 145-ship force recommended by the earlier study.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/surface.htm (1861 words)

	Destroyer
		Again they were re-equipped with new anti-aircraft guns, in addition to their already-existing light guns, depth charges, and torpedoes.
		Destroyers (with a DD hull classification symbol) primarily perform anti-submarine warfare duty while guided missile destroyers (DDGs) are multi-mission (anti-submarine, anti-air, and anti-surface warfare) surface combatants.
		The Zumwalt-class[?] is planned to replace them; on November 1, 2001, the US Navy announced the issuance of a revised Request for Proposal (RFP) for the Future Surface Combatant Program.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/de/Destroyers.html (790 words)

	Navy Matters \| Future Surface Combatant
		Official cancellation of the FSC project has been avoided by the continuing use (for a while anyway) of the term FSC as the "umbrella" title for the low key studies being conducted by the DPA's Future Business Group (the FSC IPT was disbanded in December 2004), albeit with an ISD of 2020.
		The FSC programme was defined as the development and manufacture of a class of up to 20 vessels, to a totally new hull design, intended to replace the remaining Type 22 frigates (then one Batch 2 and four Batch 3) and subsequently the Type 23 frigates.
		FSC was originally envisaged as a general-purpose, multi-function platform with versatility across a wide range of activities, considerable endurance and world-wide utility.
	navy-matters.beedall.com /fsc.htm (8550 words)

	Future Surface Combatant (FSC) - Defence Projects - Armed Forces - Defence Suppliers Directory
		The Future Surface Combatant (FSC) is the Royal Navy’s plan to look at designing a future warship that will eventually replace the Type 22 and Type 23 Frigates when they come to the end of their operational working lives.
		The FSC, which is still in its conceptual design stage, will be versatile, affordable and will be a maritime platform that can be deployed through life across the spectrum of defence missions, ranging from peace support to high intensity warfare.
		It could mean the warships and submarines of the future would be more effective, would be better places for their crews to live and work on, and would be built and operated at a lower cost to the taxpayer.
	www.armedforces.co.uk /projects/raq40f79bb97ef89 (430 words)

	Future Surface Combatant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Future Surface Combatant was the projected successor to Type 22 and Type 23 frigates in service of the British Royal Navy until the programme's de facto cancellation in late 2004.
		With the end of the FSC proposal, various attempts have been made to resurrect the concept of a medium sized vessel to replace at least the four Type 22 Batch 3 frigates (it is likely that the Type 23 ships will undergo SLEP), one of which is called the Medium Sized Vessel Derivative (MSVD).
		The Versatile Surface Combatant (VSC) is the MOD's latest attempt to develop a replacement for existing frigates, succeeding the Future Surface Combatant (FSC) project which was effectively cancelled in late 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Future_Surface_Combatant (979 words)

	Stealth - United States Stealth Ships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) is a small specialised variant of the DD(X) family of future surface combat ships.
		The LCS is envisioned to be a networked, agile, stealthy surface combatant capable of defeating anti-access and asymmetric threats in the littorals.
		Future development, deployment plans,and exact size and configuration are still being debated.
	www.lowobservable.com /Ships.htm (1117 words)

	Surface Warfare (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-6.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During a conflict, surface combatants would conduct combat operations against enemy submarines, surface ships, aircraft, missiles, and targets ashore either independently or with other military forces.
		A 1995 Navy surface combatant study concluded that defense against theater ballistic missile and Tomahawk strikes will be a high-priority task of Aegis-capable ships early in a Major Regional Contingency.
		During the 1991 Persian Gulf War surface combatants were used to conduct several sea control and power projection missions, which included protecting maritime traffic, performing maritime intercept operations of contraband shipping to sever Iraqi trade, conducting deep-strike Tomahawk missile attacks against Iraq, and providing combat search and rescue operations in the region.
	www.globalsecurity.org.cob-web.org:8888 /military/systems/ship/surface.htm (710 words)

	Times Seven \| CBC \| The New York Times \| Discovery Times
		And then there's the Army's Future Combat System; at $145 billion, it will be the most expensive weapon system ever built.
		The Army describes the Future Combat Systems as "a joint (across all the military services) networked (connected via advanced communications) system of systems (one large system made up of 18 individual systems, the network, and most importantly, the Soldier).
		Future Combat Systems are connected via an advanced network architecture that will enable levels of joint connectivity, situational awareness and understanding, and synchronized operations heretofore unachievable.
	www.times7tv.com /episode3/enterprise.html (1298 words)

	DDG-1000 Zumwalt / DD(X) Multi-Mission Surface Combatant
		Developed under the DD(X) destroyer program, DDG-1000 Zumwalt is the lead ship in a class of next-generation, multi-mission surface combatants tailored for land attack and littoral dominance, with capabilities designed to defeat current and projected threats as well as improve battle force defense.
		The Navy's new DD(X) program is the centerpiece a family of three surface combatant ships, including a destroyer, a cruiser and a smaller craft for littoral operations.
		DD(X) is the centerpiece of a surface combatant family of ships that will deliver a broad range of capabilities.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/dd-x.htm (1619 words)

	Navy Matters \| Versitile Surface Combatant
		The Versatile Surface Combatant (VSC) is another attempt by the MoD to develop a replacement for existing frigates.
		The Future Surface Combatant (FSC) project was effectively cancelled in late 2004 as scope, risks and likely costs got out of hand.
		A resurrected Future Surface Combatant (FSC) study is now continuing investigations in to how the capabilities currently provided by the 4 existing Type 22 Batch 3 and 13 Type 23 frigates might be met in the long term.
	navy-matters.beedall.com /vsc.htm (528 words)

	Future Surface Combatant (FSC)
		The FSC concept had grown continuously in size, tonnage, scope, capabilities, technology, sophistication and projected cost since its origin as simply the next class of frigate to succeed the Type 23.
		The UK expected a contract for the Future Surface Combatant to be placed with a prime contractor in 2007 following competition.
		The pre-design stages of the Future Surface Combatant began with Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) undertaking trials with the only steel construction powered trimaran in the world, the 90-meter long RV Triton.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/europe/fsc.htm (716 words)

	future surface combatant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Future Surface Combatant (FSC) is the Royal Navy's plan to look at designing a future warship that will eventually replace the...
		The Surface Combatant Maritime Rotorcraft (SCMR) is required to maintain and extend...
		In the future surface combatant forces are also expected to provide defense against ballistic...
	www.money-smash.com /articles/10/future-surface-combatant.html (903 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		The Navy-Marine Corps Team in general and surface combatants in particular must be able to assure access in the littorals, project combat power over land, and support joint maneuver warfare ashore in order to fight and win in future conflicts.
		The surface combatant family of ships, with each member focused on a different aspect of the battle, serves in that sense as the Navy's "game plan" for the 21st century.
		DD(X) is being designed as a multimission surface combatant tailored to provide offensive, distributed, and precision firepower at long range in support of U.S. and allied forces maneuvering ashore.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/apr_03_69.php (2489 words)

	British Sea Wraith and more cool designs - Military Photos
		These ships are just ideas and protoypes for the future they are not confirmed, and these ships are not even full size only 1/3 the actual size that they will be if built.
		Future destroyer(note that this will be the largest surface combat ship made for the RN of this type since the second world war.)
		It is safe to assume that since the Triton has been doing quite well in its sea trials that the future frigate will be a much larger and heavily armed trimaran.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=7587 (642 words)

	Type 45 Destroyer
		By contrast, the current and future British carriers and the RN’s new amphibious ships, do not have their own missile system, and so are more dependent upon accompanying air defence ships for survival.
		Knock-on effects will be a delay to the next class, the future surface combatant (FSC), and an extension in service, with modernisation, of the Type 23s that may remain operational for more than twice as long as the recently disposed, 13-year-old Batch 2 Type 22s.
		The coincidence of the introduction of FSC with the new carriers, however, means funds are unlikely to be any more available then than now.
	www.global-defence.com /2000/pages/type45.html (1539 words)

	The Department of the Navy Plans and Programs for the DD(X) Next-Generation Multi-Mission Surface Combatant Ship (Part ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Future shipbuilding budgets remain about the same as the average for 2000 to 2005, $11.8 billion.
		This would likely mean that the surface combatant program will face the exact same problem that confounds the submarine program; namely, that only one ship per year can be built, and this, as Ron O'Rourke stated, would probably force a major yard out of business.
		The Navy has a long history of doing modernization efforts on its existing surface combatants to keep them mission-effective through what was hoped to be their full life, and so there are many precedents for that.
	commdocs.house.gov /committees/security/has201300.000/has201300_0.htm (16266 words)

	Royal Navy in the 21st century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Work was begun on Future Surface Combatant (FSC), to replace the Type 22 and 23; however, the project suffered de facto cancellation in late 2004.
		After the cancellation of FSC project, three other projects were considered in its place, they are the Medium Sized Vessel Derivative, the versatile Surface Combatant, and the Global Corvette.
		Hopefully, this considerable step change in platform capability will be maintained in the successor to the Future Surface Combatant, which is intended to eventually replace the Type 22 and Type 23 frigates as the mainstay of the future surface fleet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_Navy_in_the_21st_century (3210 words)

	1998 Department of the Navy Posture Statement - Chapter 8 Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Research-and-development funding has been allocated to develop these capabilities for future application to both the ERGM program and a 155MM advanced naval gun planned for installation on the next-generation surface combatant (DD-21).
		During the all-service combat identification evaluation team (ASCIET) 97 exercise, CEC’s contribution to the establishment of a single integrated air picture was showcased in the successful integration of Cape St. George (CG 71) and a shore-based Marine Corps TPS-59(V)3 radar.
		Future demonstrations of the Marine Corps land-based CEC lab and node include the Atlantic Command’s theater missile defense initiative (TMDI) exercise in the spring of 1998.
	www.navy.mil /navydata/policy/fromsea/pos98/pos-pg08.html (8728 words)

	Program Executive Office Ships - Current and Future Surface Combatant, Amphibious and Auxiliary Ships
		These ships range from frontline combatants to amphibious ships that transport Marines and their equipment to supply and replenishment cargo ships.
		For these and all other non-nuclear surface craft, PEO Ships maintains “cradle to grave” responsibility including research, development, acquisition, systems integration, construction and lifetime support.
		At the end of a ship’s life, PEO Ships manages formal decommissioning from the Fleet and, in some cases, transfers or sales to friendly foreign navies; when a ship is not transferred or sold, PEO Ships manages its inactivation and safe disposal.
	peoships.crane.navy.mil (562 words)

	Naval Technology - Triton Trimaran Research Ship, United Kingdom
		The Triton Trimaran Research Ship was a technology demonstrator ship for the Royal Navy's Future Surface Combatant (FSC) frigate requirement, due to enter service from 2013 and replace the Type 23 frigates.
		The demonstrator is built at two thirds the size of a full-scale warship and although not armed it is capable of carrying containerised Naval military systems at sea.
		Provision is made for future electric propulsion trials involving the installation of exchange permanent magnetic main motors, a battery/fuel cell compartment, and flight deck and engine room sites for at-sea tests of future gas turbine alternators.
	www.naval-technology.com /projects/trimaran (1005 words)

	Naval Technology - Zumwalt DD(X) Class - Multimission Destroyer
		In November 2001, the US Department of Defense announced that the DD 21 program for the Future Surface Combatant had been revised and would now be known as DD(X).
		The program focus would now be on a family of advanced technology surface combatants, rather than a single ship class.
		The provision of electric drive eliminates the need for drive shaft and reduction gears and brings benefits in acoustic signature reduction, an increase in available power for weapon systems and improvements in the quality of life for crew.
	www.naval-technology.com /projects/dd21 (1485 words)

	Carderock Division Innovation Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Created a new paradigm and process for designing future surface ships to accomplish deck operations while meeting such diverse demanding requirements as minimum manning, reduced signatures, reduced life-cycle cost, etc.
		Produced a coherent list of technologies warranting further development to support future surface combatant designs, which formed the basis for the subsequent SC 21/DD 21 Technology Assessment Program.
		Anticipated the emergence of the Navy's shift to a littoral warfare focus by developing initial concepts for meeting future expeditionary warfare logistics requirements.
	www.dt.navy.mil /code20/code206.html (571 words)

	Future Surface Combatant (FSC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Upon acceptance she is scheduled to spend the next few years undergoing a series of tests and trials to evaluate the performance and suitability of a trimaran design.
		The outcome of these will be crucial in determining weather a three hulled design is adopted for the Future Surface Combatant (FSC).
		In addition to being used for the Future Surface Combatant (FSC) the trimaran design could be used for patrol ships and minesweepers too.
	www.btinternet.com /~warship/Today/fsc.htm (461 words)

	Alidade Incorporated :: publications
		Cares, Jeffrey R., Davis, S. A., and Hutton, L. V., "Force Employment of Future Surface Combatants 2030 and Beyond," Chief of Naval Operations Strategic Studies Group XVII Technical Report, 1999.
		Cares, Jeffrey R., "Future Surface Combatant Characteristics," Technical Report solicited by Director, Surface Combatant 21 (SC 21) Operational Requirements Document (ORD) Study, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 1996.
		Presented by the defense industry’s foremost innovation experts, the series is focused on providing military officers, policy analysts and defense industry professionals with a functional understanding of extremely complex topics in a small-group, one-day format.
	www.alidade.net /publications (664 words)

	Thinking About the Imperatives of Defense Transformation
		Now, instead of producing a single ship class, the Navy's renamed DD(X) program will produce a family of advanced technology surface combatants that are able to meet a range of threats and mission needs, including the Littoral Combat Ship.
		It is an outstanding group, and their commitment is matched by our combatant commanders in the field, including that great hero Tommy Franks, who put together two extraordinary innovative battle plans for Afghanistan and for Iraq in record time.
		Finally, I would also urge us to think around the corner to the ugly things that might happen in the future: to "what" might threaten us as opposed to "who" might threaten us, which is my shorthand for a capabilities-based strategy as opposed to a threat-based strategy.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/hl831.cfm (3431 words)

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