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Topic: G U Yule

	Udny Yule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yule made important contributions to the theory and practice of correlation, regression, and association, as well as to time series analysis.
		George Udny Yule, or Udny Yule, as he was usually called, was born in Scotland on February 18, 1871 into a family of administrators and scholars.
		Udny Yule, "On the Significance of Bravais' Formulæ for Regression, andc, in the case of Skew Correlation", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Udny_Yule (651 words)

	George Udny Yule
		Yule left each of these positions for various reasons, but no matter where he was working or who he was working with, Yule was always accomplishing something that was significant.
		Yule was one of the first statisticians to work on unusual correlations.
		Yule concluded, however, that the correlation between the two is sheer nonsense and its meaning has no significance at all.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /~sungurea/introstat/history/w98/Yule.html (1052 words)

	Simpson's paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yule in 1903, in which the successes of several groups seem to be reversed when the groups are combined.
		This seemingly impossible result is encountered surprisingly often in social science and medical statistics, and occurs when a weighting variable which is not relevant to the individual group assessment must be used in the combined assessment.
		The explanation turned out to be that women tended to apply to departments with low rates of admission, while men tended to apply to departments with high rates of admission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simpson's_paradox (1086 words)

	George Udny Yule: Statistical Scientist by Richard H. Williams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yule was also adamant about possible causal relations among variables, indicating that there could always exist hidden variables that in reality are responsible for the supposed causal links.
		Yule also “gave a new and much simpler proof of [Spearman’s correction for attenuation], putting its validity beyond further cavil, but showing in the plainest light the assumptions on which it is based.” (Spearman, 1910, p.
		Yule’s contributions were also displayed in his friendly and humorous relations with his students and colleagues and the consulting he made available to all who approached him.
	human-nature.com /nibbs/04/yule.html (2322 words)

	Three early papers on efficient parametric estimation, A. W. F. Edwards
		Engledow, F. and Yule, G. The determination of the best value of the coupling-ratio from a given set of data.
		Yule, G. Statistical Papers of George Udny Yule (selected by A. Stuart and M. Kendall).
		Yule, G. and Kendall, M. An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 11th ed.
	projecteuclid.org /Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/euclid.ss/1029963260 (748 words)

	Linear regression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Francis Galton studied this phenomenon, and applied the slightly misleading term "regression towards mediocrity" to it (parents of exceptional individuals also tend on average to be less exceptional than their children).
		In the work of Pearson and Yule, the joint distribution of the response and explanatory variables is assumed to be Gaussian.
		Karl Pearson, G. Yule, Norman Blanchard, and Alice Lee.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linear_regression (2570 words)

	Graph structure in the web
		The degree of a node u is the number of edges incident to u.
		Some researchers have proposed studying the average distance of a graph, defined to be the length of the shortest path from u to v, averaged over all ordered pairs (u,v); this is referred to as diameter in [Albert, Jeong, and Barabasi 99].
		The structure that is now unfolding tells us that it is relatively insensitive to the particular large crawl we use.
	www9.org /w9cdrom/160/160.html (6296 words)

	[No title]
		Young, G. Chessick, F. Healey, and A. Zettlemoyer, 1954: Thermodynamics of the adsorption of water on Graphon from heats of immersion and adsorption data.
		Young, G. Ledvina, and C. Fairall, 1992: Influence of precipitating convection on the surface budget observed during a Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere pilot cruise in the tropical western Pacific Ocean.
		Yule, G. U., 1927: On a method of investigating periodicities in disturbed series.
	twister.ou.edu /references/Y.html (5684 words)

	George Udny Yule
		On marrying, Yule moved jobs becoming both an assistant to Sir Philip Magnus, at the department of technology at the City and Guilds Institute, as well as Newmarch Lecturer in Statistics at UCL.
		Yule was very influential in the fledgling discipline of statistics, and an active member of several scientific societies, but he also had an interest in medieval devotional literature, and studied Latin in later life, alongside motoring and flying.
		Yule left all his books to St John's to dispose of, and there are currently over 200 items which bear his provenance.
	www.joh.cam.ac.uk /library/special_collections/early_books/pix/provenance/yule/yule.htm (455 words)

	Random Number Research Bibliography
		Stewart, G. The efficient generation of random orthogonal matrices with an application to condition estimators.
		Gregory, G., Sharpe, K. A generalisation of the rejection procedure for the generation of random variables.
		Wetherell, G. An approximation to the inverse normal function suitable for the generation of random normal deviates on electronic computers.
	www.randomnumber.org /bibliography.htm (6745 words)

	Bibliography
		Kendler, K. S., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., and Eaves, L. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in a volunteer twin population: The etiologic role of genetic and environmental factors.
		Martin, N. G., Oakeshott, J. G., Gibson, J. B., Starmer, G. A., Perl, J., and Wilks, A. A twin study of psychomotor and physiological responses to an acute dose of alcohol.
		Yule, G. Mendel's laws and their probable relation to intra-racial heredity.
	ibgwww.colorado.edu /twins2002/cdrom/HTML/BOOK/node160.htm (2181 words)

	Untitled Document
		Geison, G. Darwin and heredity: the evolution of his hypothesis of pangenesis.
		Yule, G. Mendel's laws and their probable relations to intr-racial heredity.
		Yule, G. On the theory of inheritance of quantitative compound characters on the basis of Mendel's laws--A preliminary note.
	www.oeb.harvard.edu /faculty/donohue/TheorPop.html (249 words)

	Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Probability & Statistics
		ASSOCIATION (in statistics) is found in 1900 in G. Yule, "On the Association of Attributes in Statistics," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser.
		BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION is found in 1911 in An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics by G. Yule: "The binomial distribution,..only becomes approximately normal when n is large, and this limitation must be remembered in applying the table..to cases in which the distribution is strictly binomial" (OED2).
		G. Yule introduced "net coefficients" for "coefficients of correlation between any two of the variables while eliminating the effects of variations in the third" in "On the Correlation of Total Pauperism with Proportion of Out-Relief" (in Notes and Memoranda) Economic Journal, Vol.
	www.leidenuniv.nl /fsw/verduin/stathist/1stword.htm (13516 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Greenwood and G. Yule (1920) were among the first to investigate how well the Poisson formula described injuries to workers.
		Memory unaided by records that include adequate detail, especially graphical records, may lead us to think that today's error is more unusual than it really is. Furthermore, designing records that capture adequate detail requires at least a rudimentary theory of the potential causes of the error.
		Rules of reasoning lead us to prefer simplicity in our theories of cause and effect--but there is a difference between simplicity as a guide in selecting the best current theory and simplicity in conducting the research that creates the theory.
	deming.eng.clemson.edu /pub/tqmbbs/tools-techs/safety.txt (4991 words)

	Linear regression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Francis Galton studied this phenomenon and applied the misleading term " regression towards mediocrity " to it (parents of exceptional individuals tend on average to be less exceptional their children).
		In the work Pearson and Yule the joint distribution of dependent and independent variables is assumed to Gaussian.
		Karl Pearson G. Yule Norman Blanchard and Lee.
	www.freeglossary.com /Linear_Regression (2121 words)

	[No title]
		The same translation is to be found in R G Barnwell, \textit{A Sketch of the Life and Times of John de Witt \dots to which is added his treatise of life annuities}, New York, NY: Pudney \& Russell 1856, repr.\ York: P M Lee 1990.
		\hi G U Yule, On the significance of Bravais' formulae for regression, \&c., in the case of skew correlation, \textit{Proceedings of the Royal Society of London} \textbf{60} (1897), 477--489.
		Yule's data on the distribution of pauperism'', \textit{Journal of the Royal Statistical Society} \textbf{59} (1896), 392--6 [Stigler 346; not listed by Forrest].
	www.york.ac.uk /depts/maths/histstat/bib/hos2.htm (16258 words)

	AAS Biographical Memoirs - Patrick Alfred Pierce Moran 1917-1988
		He had attended G.U. Yule's course on vital statistics at Cambridge in 1939 but the person who had influenced him most was Besicovitch, 'whose brilliant lectures on Analysis were a delight'.
		Some contact between us obviously developed, for Pat's little monograph published in 1959 on the theory of storage was one of the first that I edited for the new Methuen series of monographs on applied probability and statistics.
		It was thus a shock to us all to hear of Pat's death from heart failure later in 1988.
	www.asap.unimelb.edu.au /bsparcs/aasmemoirs/moran.htm (6278 words)

	Time Series Analysis and Forecasting 2nd Ed.- References
		Yule, G.U. "On a Method of Investigating Periodicities in Disturbed Series, with Special Reference to Wölfer’s Sunspot Numbers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 226: 267-298.
		U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: 57-67.
		U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: 74-100.
	www.scausa.com /tsafe2Ref.htm (4674 words)

	David Graves
		Researcher G. Yule, tabulating word frequency, letter frequency, and sentence length by hand in the 1940s, was able to conclude that “separate samples from the same author resemble each other much more closely, in respect to alphabetical distribution, than samples from the two distinct authors” (193).
		While this phenomenon was the subject of speculation on the part of Yule in the 1940s, I have verified his hypothesis by running automated tests of millions of word sets.
		Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story.
	www.jasna.org /persuasions/on-line/vol26no1/graves.htm (3526 words)

	[No title]
		The Lorenz attractor (with its butterfly wings reminding us of sensitive dependence (see {\cf5 [2.10]})) is the "icon" of chaos {\cf5 http://kong.apmaths.uwo.ca/~bfraser/version1/lorenzintro.html}.
		In this case the Poincar\'8e -Bendixson theorem tells us that there is no chaos in one or two-dimensional phase spaces.
		In these cases the real space maps, in a rather abstract way, to an inverse space, which is comprised of continuo us and discrete parts and evolves linearly in time.
	amath.colorado.edu /pub/dynamics/papers/sci.nonlinearFAQ.rtf (8190 words)

	The State of Authorship Attribution Studies: (1) The History and the Scope; (2) The Problems -- Towards Credibility and ...
		The origins of stylometry may be traced back to the work of Mendenhall (1887) on word-lengths and the idea of counting features of a text was extended by Yule (1938) to include sentence-lengths.
		Morton (1965) used sentence-lengths for tests of authorship of Greek prose, but we now know that neither of these measures are wholly reliable indicators of authorship.
		Yule, G.U., "On Sentence Length as a Statistical Characteristic of Style in Prose with Application to Two Cases of Disputed Authorship", Biometrika, 30, 363-390, (1938).
	www.cs.queensu.ca /achallc97/papers/s004.html (3350 words)

	ORIGINS OF PATH ANALYSIS: Causal Modeling and the Origins of Path Analysis
		That is, if a causal system is assumed, such as was assumed in his 1920 paper on the inheritance of color, one could use the method of path coefficients to quantify degrees of assumed causality in relation to the system.
		A similar notion was made by Pearson and Yule in late nineteenth century (e.g., see Desrosières, 1998), in which “partial causes” of an outcome were sought.
		Yule, G. U., and Kendall, M. An introduction to the theory of statistics.
	theoryandscience.icaap.org /content/vol7.1/denis.html (11412 words)

	Math words page 13
		If you have gotten to here, you probably have figured out that the G is for Grad, a unit of angle measurement in which 100 grads = a right angle.
		The earliest citation I have handy is Yule, G.U., 1903, "Notes on the theory of association of attrbiutes in statistics," Biometrika 2: 121-134.
		For example, at a US Naval Academy web site I found, "In 1929 the slide rule became a formal part of the mathematics program and served as the midshipmen's primary calculator until 1976.” (to be replaced, I assume, by electronic calculators) [From A Brief History of the Department of Mathematics by Professor T. Benac ]
	www.pballew.net /arithm13.html (4283 words)

	Notes
		See G. Leech, "Corpora and Theories of Linguistic Performance", in J. Svartvik (ed.), Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 82 Stockholm, 4—8 August 1991 (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs, 65; Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992), pp.
		On the history and theoretical basis of corpus linguistics, see G. Leech, "The State of the Art in Corpus Linguistics", in K. Aijmer and B. Altenberg (eds.), English Corpus Linguistics: Studies in Honour of Jan Svartvik (London: Longman, 1991), pp.
		C. Nesbitt and G. Plum, "Probabilities in a Systemic-Functional Grammar: The Clause Complex in English", in R.P. Fawcett and D.
	www.bsw.org /project/filologia/filo14/Art01n.html (4229 words)

	School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies \| Victoria University of Wellington
		Yule, G.U. The Statistical Study of Literary Vocabulary Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
		Holmes, J., Vine, B. and Johnson, G. Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
		Nelson, G. (1997) Standardizing wordforms in a spoken corpus.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /lals/staff/paul-nation/vocrefs/vocrefs-08.aspx (1021 words)

	John Markey: The Symbolic Process: Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Brandenburg (G. and J.).1919 :Language Development during the Fourth Year.
		Mead (George Herbert).1903: " Definition of the Psychical." U. of C. Dec. Pub.
		Yule (G. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Markey/Markey_1928/Markey_bib.html (2104 words)

	Monte Carlo Experiments using PcNaive
		Hendry, D. F., and Mizon, G. "Serial correlation as a convenient simplification, not a nuisance: A comment on a study of the demand for money by the Bank of England" Economic Journal, 88, 549--563.
		Mizon, G. E., and Hendry, D. "An empirical application and Monte Carlo analysis of tests of dynamic specification" Review of Economic Studies, 49, 21--45.
		Orcutt, G. H., and Cochrane, D. "A sampling study of the merits of autoregressive and reduced form transformations in regression analysis" Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44, 356--372.
	pcgive.com /pcgive/volume4.html (3774 words)

	www9 paper
		In our context, we say there is an edge between u and v if there is a hyperlink between u and v, without regard to whether the link points from u to v or the other way around.
		Some researchers have proposed studying the average distance of a graph, defined to be the length of the shortest path from u to v, averaged over all ordered pairs (u,v); this is referred to as diameter in [
		Given that the set SCC contains only 56M of the 186M nodes in our giant weak component, we use the BFS runs to estimate the positions of the remaining nodes.
	gatekeeper.dec.com /pub/DEC/SRC/publications/stata/www9.htm (6083 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In this case the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem tells us that there is no chaos in one or two-dimensional phase spaces.
		It is important to emphasize that the idea of using derivatives or delay coordinates in time series modeling is nothing new.
		The central question was not whether delay coordinates are useful for time series analysis, but rather whether reconstruction methods preserve the geometry and the geometric invariants of dynamical systems.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/faqs/sci/nonlinear-faq (10981 words)

	Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (S)
		Yule gave more attention to the phenomenon and called the correlation (or association) in the population formed from the mixing of records "fictitious" in his 1903 Biometrika paper "Notes on the Theory of Association of Attributes in Statistics" (p.
		There the quantity x was being estimated by a regression residual but Yule applied the term generally in his Introduction to the Theory of Statistics (1911), covering such cases as the standard error of a proportion.
		This entry was contributed by John Aldrich, based on G. Yule Introduction to the Theory of Statistics (1911) and David (2001).
	members.aol.com /jeff570/s.html (12749 words)

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