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Topic: G1 phase

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Cell cycle

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	G1 phase -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		phase is a period in the (additional info and facts about cell cycle) cell cycle during (additional info and facts about interphase) interphase, between (Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes) mitosis and the (additional info and facts about S phase) S phase.
		For many cells, this phase is the major period of cell growth during its lifespan.
		Most (Any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk) mammallian cells do this.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/G1/G1_phase.htm (148 words)

	Reappraisal of serum starvation, the restriction point, G0, and G1 phase arrest points -- COOPER 17 (3): 333 -- The ...
		Cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2/M phases indicated by the different shadings on the horizontal bar) are related in size to the particular cell cycle phases.
		When cells are starved, the resulting population of cells with a G1 phase amount of DNA is proposed to be arrested at a point in the cell cycle (a) such as the restriction point or arrested in some out-of-cycle phase (b) such as G0.
		Whereas all the cells may have a G1 phase amount of DNA, the cells represented in the middle panel are not at any particular point in the cell cycle but are representative of all parts of the cell cycle.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/3/333 (5598 words)

	Cdc6 protein causes premature entry into S phase in a mammalian cell-free system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		phase nuclei (18 h release) was chosen that was impermeable to fluorescein-linked dextran molecules.
		nuclei incubated in HeLa S phase cytosol alone was not influenced by the permeabilization of the nuclear envelope with lysolecithin (Figure 5b and d), excluding the possibility that the increased signal is due to permeabilization alone.
		To prepare S phase HeLa cytosolic extracts, HeLa cells were synchronized in S phase by a single block in culture medium containing 2.5 mM thymidine (Sigma) for 25 h (Rao and Johnson, 1970), followed by release into culture medium for 2 h.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v17/n24/full/7591410a.html (8634 words)

	On the proposal of a G0 phase and the restriction point -- Cooper 12 (3): 367 -- The FASEB Journal
		G1 phase cells delayed in division are proposed to be in a `postmitotic' state (G1pm); those later in the G1 phase (in these experiments, cells older than 3.5 h) are in a `presynthetic' (G1ps) phase of the division cycle.
		Cells that enter the S phase (indicated by the shaded area) during this treatment are now defined as being in the G1ps phase.
		Cells in any phase of the division cycle have the same pattern of continued synthesis: a plateau giving a delay in mass increase and recovery to the original rate of mass synthesis.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/12/3/367 (4277 words)

	October, 24th 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ERK mediates the induction of cyclin D1 in mid-G1 phase, and a sustained ERK signal (typically ~6 h after the release from quiescence) is thought to be required for this effect
		Our results show that ERK activity plays a limited role in G1 phase control and that a switch from ERK to Rac/Cdc42 regulates cyclin D1 expression as cells progress from the first to subsequent G1 phases.
		Many studies exploring the relationship between ERK signaling and G1 phase cell cycle progression have focused on relatively short-term effects after mitogenic stimulation of quiescent fibroblastic cells.
	www.med.miami.edu /mnbws/Villanueva-.html (894 words)

	The puc1 Cyclin Regulates the G1 Phase of the Fission Yeast Cell Cycle in Response to Cell Size -- ...
		Eukaryotic cells coordinate cell size with cell division by regulating the length of the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
		G1 populations of 6 and 17%, respectively (Figure 1, A and C).
		In this mutant, >90% of the population was in G1 by 3 h and 100%
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/2/543 (6063 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2003012217
		Restriction Points in the G1 Phase of the Mammalian Cell Cycle 1 Johanne Boonstra Abstract 1 Introduction 1 The Restriction Point 2 Cyclins and Cyclin Dependent Kinases 4 Downstream of Cyclin D and Cyclin E 5 Arrest in the G1 Phase 7 2.
		Role of RB/E2F in G1 Phase Progression 79 Amy S. Yee and Jean Y. Wang Overview 79 The RB Family of Proteins 81 The E2F Family of Transcription Factors 86 Phenotypes of E2F Knockout Mice 88 pRB and E2F1 in the Regulation of Apoptosis 90 Concluding Remarks 91 6.
		G1 Phase Progression and Apoptosis 205 Caterina Cinti, Carmela Trimarchi, Antonio Giordano Abstract 205 Introduction 205 Apoptosis: An Overview 206 Genes in Cell-Cycle Control and Apoptosis 215 Cancer: Deregulated Cell Cycle and Evasion of Apoptosis 226 13.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip044/2003012217.html (309 words)

	Tarja Mälkönen: UV Response of Mammalian p53 Tumor Supressor Gene
		However, flow cytometry analyses from 6 h and 12 h timepoints indicated that despite inhibition of DNA replication cell cycle phase distribution was identical in radiated and unradiated cell populations, demonstrating that instead of gathering into G1 the radiated cells arrested in the phase they were at the time of radiation (unpublished observation).
		While absent during G1 arrest, p53 accumulation was detected when G1-arrested cells recovered from UV insult and entered the S phase (I).
		Accordingly, flavone-induced G1 growth arrest induced by flavone was shown to depend on p53-independent transcriptional activation of p21 (Bai et al., 1998).
	ethesis.helsinki.fi /julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/malkonen/results.html (7474 words)

	G1 Phase Progression And Starlight 3 by Patrick Nielsen Hayden, ISBN 0312867794 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		G1 Phase Progression And Starlight 3 by Patrick Nielsen Hayden, ISBN 0312867794
		In this contribution, several specialists describe the currentknowledge on the molecular networks that regulate cell cycleprogression, with an emphasis on the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
		Thefirst part of "Regulation of G1 Phase Progression" is concernedwith the individual molecules that form the network, includingcyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors of these kinases andretinoblastoma and p53.
	www.pelzerframestudio.com /g1.htm (289 words)

	Fission Yeast Ste9, a Homolog of Hct1/Cdh1 and Fizzy-related, Is a Novel Negative Regulator of Cell Cycle Progression ...
		gene were cultured to mid-log phase in the presence of thiamine.
		Brandeis, M., and Hunt, T. The proteolysis of mitotic cyclins in mammalian cells persists from the end of mitosis until the onset of S phase.
		Dawson, I.A., Roth, S., and Atravanis-Tsakonas, S. The Drosophila cell cycle gene fizzy is required for normal degradation of cyclins A and B during mitosis and has homology to the CDC20 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/9/5/1065 (7229 words)

	Functional description of the clustering results
		Instead of peaking in the G1 phase like the majority of the budding-related genes and consistent with their role in bud initiation, they peak in the G2/M phase, suggesting a role that is required earlier in the budding pathway.
		For the heat shock and stress response proteins, one could argue that their augmented expression during the G1 phase could be the result of the heat shock that was applied to synchronize the cells.
		Their induction in the S phase could be consistent with the fact that the budding process takes place throughout the S phase and the G2 phase until in the M phase the new bud is released from the cell.
	www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be /~jmathys/frankclus.html (3996 words)

	c-Myc or Cyclin D1 Mimics Estrogen Effects on Cyclin E-Cdk2 Activation and Cell Cycle Reentry -- Prall et al. 18 (8): ...
		phase of the cell cycle is preceded by increased expression of the G
		G1 cyclin/CDK-independent phosphorylation and accumulation of p130 during the transition from G1 to G0 lead to its association with E2F-4.
		Estrogen-induced activation of Cdk4 and Cdk2 during G1-S phase progression is accompanied by increased cyclin D1 expression and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor association with cyclin E-Cdk2.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/18/8/4499 (8193 words)

	Inhibitory Effects of 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the G1-S Phase-Controlling Machinery -- Jensen et al. 15 (8): ...
		B, Summary of analysis of cell cycle phase distribution of cells treated as in panel A, analyzed by flow cytometry over a 6-d period.
		phase cells was significant from 24 h treatment, and the decrease in S phase population was significant from 48 h treatment (P < 0.05, analyzed by Student’s t test, n = 3–5).
		Buchkovich K, Duffy LA, Harlow E 1989 The retinoblastoma protein is phosphorylated during specific phases of the cell cycle.
	mend.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/8/1370 (6299 words)

	Cdc6 protein causes premature entry into S phase in a mammalian cell-free system -- Stoeber et al. 17 (24): 7219 -- The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hayles, J., Fisher, D., Wollard, A. and Nurse, P. Temporal order of S phase and mitosis in fission yeast is determined by the state of the p34-cdc2-mitotic B cyclin complex.
		Heintz, N.H. and Stillman, B. Nuclear DNA synthesis in vitro is mediated by stable replication forks assembled in a temporally specific fashion in vivo.
		Hua, X.H., Yan, H. and Newport, J. A role for Cdk2 kinase in negatively regulating DNA replication during S phase of the cell cycle.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/17/24/7219 (7304 words)

	The Schizosaccharomyces pombe S-Phase Checkpoint Differentiates Between Different Types of DNA Damage -- Rhind and ...
		Cells were irradiated with 400 Gy either in G1, between 0 and 2 hr, or G2, between 4 and 6 hr.
		Asynchronous log phase cells, 80% of which are in G2, were used to represent G2 cells.
		G1 DNA damage checkpoint is not required for the effect.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/149/4/1729 (5602 words)

	Detection of Cyclin B1 Expression in G1-Phase Cancer Cell Lines and Cancer Tissues by Postsorting Western Blot Analysis ...
		phase is expressed in unscheduled mode in the G
		Phase Cancer Cells Was Confirmed by Confocal Microscopy.
		phase and peaks at the time when cells enter the S phase.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/5/1607 (2625 words)

	Spatial distribution and specification of mammalian replication origins during G1 phase -- Li et al. 161 (2): 257 -- ...
		G1 phase at which these nuclei are prepared.
		In early G1 phase, many sites distributed throughout the genome have an equal potential to be used as early replication origins.
		Replicon clusters are stable units of chromosome structure: evidence that nuclear organization contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in human cells.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/257 (7025 words)

	Redox Regulation of the G1 to S Phase Transition in the Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cell Cycle -- Menon et al. 63 (9): 2109 ...
		Redox Regulation of the G1 to S Phase Transition in the Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cell Cycle -- Menon et al.
		Cells were harvested at the indicated times and cell cycle phase transit was analyzed by flow cytometric assay.
		Cells in replicate dishes were pulse-labeled with BrdUrd, and cell cycle phase distribution was assayed by flow cytometry.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/9/2109 (6812 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Regulation of G1 Phase Progression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In this contribution, several specialists describe the current knowledge on the molecular networks that regulate cell cycle progression, with an emphasis on the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
		The first part of Regulation of G1 Phase Progression is concerned with the individual molecules that form the network, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors of these kinases and retinoblastoma and p53.
		Examines the current knowledge of the molecular networks regulating cell cycle progression, with emphasis on the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0306478315 (352 words)

	Fission yeast pheromone blocks S-phase by inhibiting the G1 cyclin B-p34cdc2 kinase -- Stern and Nurse 16 (3): 534 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Chang, F. and Herskowitz, I. Identification of a gene necessary for cell cycle arrest by a negative growth factor of yeast: FAR1 is an inhibitor of a G1 cyclin, CLN2.
		Imai, Y. and Yamamoto, M. The fission yeast mating pheromone P-factor: its molecular structure, gene structure, and ability to induce gene expression and G1 arrest in the mating partner.
		Nasmyth, K. and Dirick, L. The role of SWI4 and SWI6 in the activity of G1 cyclins in yeast.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/16/3/534 (5976 words)

	Stimulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity and G1- to S-Phase Transition in Human Lymphocytes by the Human T-Cell ...
		To identify the phase at which the mitogenic Tax signal stimulates the cell cycle, the proportions of cells in the G
		A slight increase in the number of cells in the S phase could be observed at 24 h; a strong increase could be observed after 48 h.
		Overexpression of mouse D-type cyclins accelerates G1 phase in rodent fibroblasts.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/1/633 (6304 words)

	Ectopic induction of Clb2 in early G1 phase is sufficient to block prereplicative complex formation in Saccharomyces ...
		Ectopic induction of Clb2 in early G1 phase is sufficient to block prereplicative complex formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Detweiler and Li 95 (5): 2384 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		phase of a mitotic Clb, Clb2, is sufficient to
		Entry into S phase is tightly correlated with conversion of the prereplicative genomic footprint to a smaller postreplicative
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/5/2384 (4333 words)

	NF-kappa B Function in Growth Control: Regulation of Cyclin D1 Expression and G0/G1-to-S-Phase Transition -- Hinz et ...
		FACS analysis of progression into S phase of C1 and I3 cells at 0, 16, 20, or 24 h after readdition of serum is shown.
		phase or had even entered the next cell cycle.
		Cyclin D1 induction in breast cancer cells shortens G1 and is sufficient for cells arrested in G1 to complete the cell cycle.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/19/4/2690 (5631 words)

	A role for the Cdc7 kinase regulatory subunit Dbf4p in the formation of initiation-competent origins of replication -- ...
		-factor were released into S phase, and aliquots were taken at regular time intervals.
		-factor (lane 1) and were released into S phase for 30 min in the presence (lane 3) or the absence (lane 2) of 200 µm of HU and the association of Dbf4p and Mcm2p with the insoluble nuclear fraction (P) was analyzed as described above.
		labile, and is depleted in stationary phase and pheromone-blocked
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/13/16/2159 (9352 words)

	Mcm2, but Not RPA, Is a Component of the Mammalian Early G1-Phase Prereplication Complex -- Dimitrova et al. 146 (4): ...
		The association of RPA (red), with earliest-replicating (CldU, green, A) or late-replicating (IdU, green, B) chromatin regions was examined in aliquots of the cells used in Figure 2.
		Immunoblot analysis of chromatin-bound RPA during G1 and S-phase.
		Brenot-Bosc, F., Gupta, S., Margolis, R.L., Fotedar, R. (1995) Changes in the subcellular localization of replication initiation proteins and cell cycle proteins during G1- to S-phase transition in mammalian cells.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/146/4/709 (8640 words)

	p27kif Protein Levels and E2F Activity Are Targets of Cot Kinase During G1 Phase Progression in T Cells -- ...
		p27kif Protein Levels and E2F Activity Are Targets of Cot Kinase During G1 Phase Progression in T Cells -- Velasco-Sampayo and Alemany 166 (10): 6084 -- The Journal of Immunology
		phase of the cell cycle (0 h) and stimulated with rIL-2 (0, 1.5, or 20 U/ml) for 24 h.
		S phases of the cell cycle is statistically significant with
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/166/10/6084 (4276 words)

	Role and Regulation of p53 during an Ultraviolet Radiation-induced G1 Cell Cycle Arrest -- Geyer et al. 11 (3): 149 -- ...
		Role and Regulation of p53 during an Ultraviolet Radiation-induced G1 Cell Cycle Arrest -- Geyer et al.
		Loignon M., Fetni R., Gordon A. J., Drobetsky E. A p53-independent pathway for induction of p21waf1cip1 and concomitant G1 arrest in UV-irradiated human skin fibroblasts.
		Lommel L., Hanawalt P. Increased UV resistance of a xeroderma pigmentosum revertant cell line is correlated with selective repair of the transcribed strand of an expressed gene.
	cgd.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/3/149 (5146 words)

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