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Topic: GCC Abstract Syntax Tree

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	GNU Compiler Collection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GCC was originally written by Richard Stallman in 1987 as the compiler for the GNU Project, in order to have a compiler available that was free software.
		GCC developers have given this part of the compiler the somewhat contradictory name the "middle end." These optimizations include dead code elimination, partial redundancy elimination, global value numbering, sparse conditional constant propagation, and scalar replacement of aggregates.
		The behavior of the GCC back end is partly specified by preprocessor macros and functions specific to a target architecture, for instance to define the endianness, word size, and calling conventions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gcc (1076 words)

	GCC Abstract Syntax Tree
		The GCC Abstract syntax tree is an intermediate representation used by the GCC compiler.
		However, the meaning of a tree is somewhat different for different language front-ends, and front-ends can provide their own tree codes.
		The tree is a c language union, a concept related to the Set theoretic union of the various Abstract_syntax_tree_tree_types[?] types that are subdivided by codes Abstract_syntax_tree_tree_code[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gc/GCC_Abstract_Syntax_Tree.html (146 words)

	redhat.com \| Red Hat Magazine - From Source to Binary: The Inner Workings of GCC
		Trees are mostly used as a stepping stone in the generation of RTL.
		The C parser generates C trees, the C++ parser generates C++ trees, etc. Each version is different in its own way, so analyzes and optimizations on trees would require N different implementations, one for each front end.
		Optimizing the tree representation in GCC is appealing because (a) it facilitates the implementation of new analyzes and optimizations closer to the source and (b) it simplifies the work of the RTL optimizers, potentially speeding up the compilation process or improving the generated code.
	www.redhat.com /magazine/002dec04/features/gcc (3123 words)

	GNU Compiler Collection
		GCC has been adopted as the main compiler used to build and develop for a number of systems, including GNU/Linux, the BSDss, Mac OS X, NeXTSTEP and BeOS.
		Additional processors, such as the D10V and Z8000, have been supported by GCC versions maintained separately from the FSF version.
		However, confusingly, the meaning of a tree is somewhat different for different language front-ends, and front-ends can provide their own tree codes.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/gnu_compiler_collection (811 words)

	CodeSourcery Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The current abstract syntax tree of GCC uses a dynamically typed über-union for nearly all nodes.
		Although GCC is more popular now than ever before, it is also up against some of the toughest competitive and technical challenges it has ever faced.
		GCC, like the Linux kernel and the X windowing system, is a complex but important part of the GNU/Linux operating system.
	www.codesourcery.com /publications.html (824 words)

	LWN: GCC gets a new Optimizer Framework
		Older versions of GCC used this framework mostly for local optimizations, but such limited optimizations are insufficient for modern architectures with RISC-like properties and a significant difference between the speed of the chip and of memory access.
		Still, a compiler with the Tree SSA passes enabled is not significantly slower than the recently released GCC 3.4.0, and a number of very expensive passes in the RTL framework have already been subsumed by Tree SSA passes.
		The main reason is that the GCC infrastructure does not directly support the notion of generating code for two different backends at the same time and it is not trivial to add support for such a thing.
	www.lwn.net /Articles/84888/?format=printable (3126 words)

	Abstract Syntax Tree Optimizations - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		GCC, in common with many other compilers, has more than one internal representation of a program.
		The trees, (or formally abstract syntax trees - ASTs) are generated during parsing, and are close to the source language semantics.
		GCC has a number of AST optimizations that attempt to optimize trees during parsing.
	gcc.gnu.org /projects/ast-optimizer.html (641 words)

	GCC definition, funtions, advantages, application
		The GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) is widely regarded as the most important piece of open source software.
		The GCC was originally developed by Richard Stallman as part of his GNU project, which is aimed at developing a completely free operating system that will work on multiple architectures and in diverse environments.
		The GCC is now maintained by a diversified group of programmers from a number of countries.
	www.bellevuelinux.org /gcc.html (968 words)

	CS 265 Project: GCC Investigation
		GCC has been ported to a variety of platforms and languages, making it the preeminent compiler in many settings.
		A common strategy is to translate a language to C, using GCC as a back-end.
		Since GCC is such a large project, most information can be found online at gcc.gnu.org.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~billm/cs265/project (541 words)

	GCC's Register Transfter Language
		It is of course possible to write a compiler that creates an abstract syntax tree and generates machine code directly from the tree.
		Furthermore, many compiler optimizations are dependent neither on the specifics of a particular abstract syntax nor on a specific type of hardware, but rather on program semantics.
		GCC's RTL representation must be generic enough to handle a host of front-ends: C, C++, Java, Fortran, etc. At the same time it cannot be so low-level that it can't be mapped to a particular machine description.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~billm/cs265/project/rtl.html (962 words)

	Register Transfer Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Register Transfer Language (RTL) is an intermediate representation used by the GCC compiler.
		RTL is used to represent the code being generated, in a form closer to assembly language than to the high level languages which GCC compiles.
		RTL is generated from the GCC Abstract Syntax Tree representation, transformed by various passes in the GCC 'middle-end', and then converted to assembly language.
	www.informationdepot.us /r/re/register_transfer_language.html (276 words)

	Comp.compilers: Re: representing functions with arguments in an abstract syntax tree
		Re: representing functions with arguments in an abstract syntax tree malcolm@55bank.freeserve.co.uk (Malcolm) (2004-01-02)
		Re: representing functions with arguments in an abstract syntax tree cfc@world.std.com (Chris F Clark) (2004-01-02)
		Re: representing functions with arguments in an abstract syntax tree jacob@jacob.remcomp.fr (jacob navia) (2004-01-02)
	compilers.iecc.com /comparch/article/04-01-017 (178 words)

	Compilers Algorithms
		GCC, which stands for GNU Compiler Collection, was one of the original projects in the Gnu's Not Unix effort.
		The first GCC version was released in 1987, and GCC 3.0 was released in 2001.
		Chapter on syntax analysis explains recursive decent which is a pretty good method for the "language at large" (although for "language at small" like arithmetic expressions and Boolean expressions one can use something different with a better diagnostic capabilities).
	www.softpanorama.org /Algorithms/compilers.shtml (9255 words)

	Register Transfer Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		RTL is used to represent the code generated in a form closer to assembly than to the high level languages which compiles.
		RTL is generated from the GCC Abstract Syntax Tree representation transformed by various passes in GCC 'middle-end' and then converted to assembly GCC currently uses the RTL form to most of its optimisation work.
		The RTL generated for a program is when GCC generates code for different processors.
	www.freeglossary.com /Register_Transfer_Language (248 words)

	compilers.net > paedia > compiler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		This Prolog machine is also known as the Warren abstract machine (or WAM).
		The object code produced by these is frequently of lesser quality than that produced by a compiler developed specifically for a processor.
		GCC is an example of a retargetable compiler.
	www.compilers.net /paedia/compiler/index.htm (1852 words)

	4Reference \|\| GNU Compiler Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Originally, it stood for "GNU C Compiler", but it now handles many different programming languages besides C.
		GCC has been adopted as the main compiler used to build and develop for a number of systems, including Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, NEXTSTEP, and BeOS.
		The GCC homepage is at gcc.gnu.org See also:
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/GNU_Compiler_Collection.html (230 words)

	GCCWiki - Structure Of GCC
		A front end takes the source code, and does whatever is needed to translate that source code into a semantically equivalent, language independent abstract syntax tree (AST).
		The syntax and semantics of this AST are defined by the GIMPLE language, the highest level language independent intermediate representation GCC has.
		This AST is then run through a list of target independent code transformations that take care of such things as constructing a control flow graph, and AST for optimizing compilations, lowering to non-strict RTL (expand), and running RTL based optimizations for optimizing compilations.
	gcc.gnu.org /wiki/StructureOfGCC (320 words)

	[No title]
		Introduction Macros in C used to be expanded by a preprocessor whose syntax differed from that of the compiler proper.
		Myer's relation to the gcc project Myer has gained considerable leverage from its reuse of the gcc project: Up-to-date syntax and semantics: The semantics of C (e.g., which like-named identifiers actually refer to the same underlying object) has many corner cases still being discovered.
		The gcc project has a large staff that is continually updating its codebase with the latest research in C semantics.
	home.comcast.net /~jyavner/myer.doc (1700 words)

	GCC Hacker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The gcc is made up of a cpp, preprocessor, the bison parse with the function yyparse.
		The tree data structure is defined in the files tree.def and tree.h in the GCC source code.
		GCC is not a school example, GCC is developed to be useful.
	gccintrospector.blogspot.com (14934 words)

	GCC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		GCC The GNU C compiler by Richard Stallman et al.
		GCC talks on establishing a current external tariff continue.
		An important GCC goal under discussion is the development of a unified Gulf currency.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /GC/GCC.html (1156 words)

	abstract syntax tree - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word abstract syntax tree:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "abstract syntax tree" is defined.
		Phrases that include abstract syntax tree: gcc abstract syntax tree
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=abstract+syntax+tree (107 words)

	Comp.compilers: Re: C++ Abstract Syntax Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		C++ Abstract Syntax Tree lievenswouter@snotmail.com (Wouter Lievens) (2004-04-21)
		Re: C++ Abstract Syntax Tree sk@bez.spamu.z.pl (Sebastian) (2004-04-28)
		Re: C++ Abstract Syntax Tree vidyapraveen@yahoo.com (Vidya Praveen) (2004-04-29)
	compilers.iecc.com /comparch/article/04-04-098 (68 words)

	syntax tree - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "syntax tree" is defined.
		syntax tree : FOLDOP - Free On Line Dictionary Of Philosophy [home, info]
		Phrases that include syntax tree: abstract syntax tree, gcc abstract syntax tree
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=syntax+tree (97 words)

	Catalog of compilers, interpreters, and other language tools [p2of5]
		It consists of a C preprocessor to allow reasonable syntax for the added operations, a tuple server process and a set of functions to connect an application to the tuple server.
		The parser derives an easy-to-use abstract syntax tree, supports elementary error recovery and provides a precise source code indication of errors.
		The runtime library needs GCC as well; the compiler and some other tools are written in Objective-C. reference: http://tom.ics.ele.tue.nl:8080/ lists more documentation.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/compilers/free/part2 (7417 words)

	Gianluca Masone - XML-Oriented Gcc Abstract Syntax Tree ANalyzer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The name is composed of three parts: XML Oriented Gcc Abstract Syntax Tree ANalyzer The first part, XML Oriented, gives us information about the technology XOgastan uses: the "new" XML technology.
		The second part, Gcc Abstract Syntax Tree, gives us information about the fact that XOgastan interacts with the output file of gcc.
		More precisely, it uses the file produced by gcc that contains the ast of a C program.
	gcc.gnu.org /ml/gcc/2002-08/msg00832.html (255 words)

	Gn-Gz
		Compilation of the glibc 2.1 (or higher) release requires either egcs 1.0.3 or higher or GCC 2.8.1 or higher, with the former the preferable option (at least until the egcs/GCC convergence is complete).
		It is infinitely extensible in that its syntax can be added on to infinitely, which allows for the extension of the basic language set to include any and all system calls.
		The drawbacks are that gdb does not yet (1/97) understand Pascal syntax and types, there are few standard libraries (although the C standard libraries can be used instead), and longer compilation times than with Borland Pascal.
	stommel.tamu.edu /~baum/linuxlist/linuxlist/node20.html (11400 words)

	LKML: Samium Gromoff: [GCC] gcc vs. indentation
		And in order to ensure i didn`t broke anything i was checking a diff between the resulting object files.
		The examples are in the form of pairs of a C diff, and a "objdump -d" output diff.
		The point is i thought and hoped that gcc abstract syntax tree constructor is indentation invariant, and that is seemingly not true.
	lkml.org /lkml/2003/6/30/24 (160 words)

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