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Topic: GDR border system

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Berlin Wall

Historical Eastern Germany

Peter Fechter

German reunification

Chris Gueffroy

East Germany

German Democratic Republic

Manfred Gerlach

West Berlin

Hans Modrow

Separation barrier

Conrad Schumann

Checkpoint Charlie

Coat of Arms of East Germany

GDR jokes

	GDR border system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The status of the GDR borders with Poland and Czechoslovakia was nominally open, these countries being "fraternal socialist allies" and fellow Warsaw Pact members.
		From 1961 the GDR border was strengthened further to prevent mass migration to the west, and the westward movement slowed to a trickle.
		The most famous part of the GDR border was the Berlin Wall, built on 13 August 1961, cutting off the three Western sectors of Berlin from East Berlin and the GDR.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GDR_border_system (1605 words)

	Encyclopedia: GDR border system
		The GDR border system was formed by a series of chain-link fences, walls, turrets and mine fields that was in place from 1961 to 1990, and was 1381 km (858 miles) in length, the entire length of the border separating East and West Germany ; just as the Berlin Wall separated East and West Berlin.
		From 1961 the GDR border was strengthened further to avoid mass migration to the west.
		Although the inter-German border was largely closed by the mid-1950s (see GDR border system), the sector borders in Berlin were relatively easy to cross.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/GDR-border-system (2726 words)

	German reunification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the GDR's first free elections on 18 March 1990, negotiations between the GDR and FRG culminated in a Unification Treaty, whilst negotiations between the GDR and FRG and the four occupying powers produced the so-called "Two Plus Four Treaty" granting full independence to a reunified German state.
		The FRG and the GDR both made competing claims to be the legitimate legal successors of the German Reich.
		However, the GDR changed its position at a later point, stating that Germany had ceased to exist in 1945 and that both the FRG and the GDR were newly-created states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_reunification (1567 words)

	Untitled Document
		GDR border guards were members of the National People's Army and were directly answerable to the Ministry of Defence.
		Moreover, he had been part of a military system subject to absolute discipline and obedience in which he had undergone intense political indoctrination; in the event of a successful crossing of the border, the guards on duty knew that an investigation would be conducted by the military prosecutor.
		If the GDR authorities had correctly applied their own relevant legal provisions, taking account of the GDR's international obligations after ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and of general human-rights principles, including protection of the right to life in particular, they should have arrived at the same interpretation.
	home.att.net /~slomansonb/BerlinWall.html (7364 words)

	Requiem for the Iron Curtain
		Traveling along the West German border, I came on numerous little lanes that had once joined village to village, farm to farm, and had been turned into cul-de-sacs that ended with border markers, fences, mined strips, watchtowers, and armed guards.
		By Western officers the fence system was regarded as a wonderful "motivator"--their troops, shown this evidence of a malignant power to the east, knew why they were there.
		On the west, the border also became a minor tourist attraction, where gawping groups could be paraded through divided villages and led to platforms looking over into grubby East Berlin streets: schoolchildren were brought for close-at-hand educational visits.
	www.brianrose.com /lostborder/eastwest.htm (1193 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - GDR border system
		The GDR border system was formed by a series of chain-link fences, walls, turrets and mine fields that was in place from 1961 to 1990, and was 1381 km (858 miles) in length, the entire length of the border separating East and West Germany; just as the Berlin Wall separated East and West Berlin.
		Until 1952 the border was only on paper; from that date, however, work was begun to close it.
		The border was opened on 9 November 1989 under the GDR Chairman of the State Council Egon Krenz.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/GDR_border_system (913 words)

	German Propaganda Archive (East German Material)
		"Dangerous Shadows": Defending the GDR's agriculture from the sabotage of the fascists.
		The 30th Anniversary of the GDR: 19 posters prepared for the event in 1979.
		Military Agitation: A chapter from the 1988 GDR textbook on agitation in the military.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/gdrmain.htm (784 words)

	GDR border system - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		GDR border system - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		At Helmstedt, the former site of Checkpoint Alpha – the autobahn checkpoint passing from West Germany into East Germany – a Border Zone Museum (Zonengrenz-Museum) has been built around a preserved section of the border defences.
		GDR border system, History of the DDR-BRD border, The Berlin Wall, Escape attempts, Border deaths, People killed while escaping the GDR, Deaths of West Germans, Deaths of GDR border guards, The border area today, External link and East Germany.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/DDR_border_system (1648 words)

	East Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Democratic Republic (GDR) German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), informally known in English as East Germany, was a Communist state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone of Germany.
		In the first and last free elections of the GDR on March 18, 1990, the leading communist party (SED) lost the majority in the Volkskammer (the parliament of the GDR), which they had been guaranteed in the previous elections.
		The resultant system of plans was extremely complex, and maintaining internal consistency between the various plans was a considerable task.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Germany (5872 words)

	CHAPTER SIX: MODERN BORDER OPERATIONS 1970 - 1983
		The 365-kilometer Federal Republic-Czechoslovak common border was marked by historical border markers and after the mid-1970s, by the same kind of 1-foot square, plain-white granite border trace stones and tall white poles with blue stripes that were used on the inner German border.
		It was responsible for the border sector from UQ 293890 to VQ 148029.
		The border augmentations lasted five days and were highly beneficial both from a unit training standpoint and for the increased knowledge of the border and border conditions afforded the individual soldiers.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/BorderOps/ch6.htm (17408 words)

	neu_1 (Berlin Wall)
		The Berlin Wall was a worldwide symbol for the division of Germany after World War II and for the injustice and inhumanity of the communist system.
		The impending collapse of the Soviet empire and the rapid growth of the GDR protest movement led to the opening of the Wall on November 9, 1989.
		At the request of the "Topography of Terror" Foundation, the 200 meters of the Wall which still stand on Niederkirchnerstrasse, marking the border between the districts of Mitte (East) and Kreuzberg (West), have been preserved, retaining all traces of the destruction that occurred during the transitional period, and placed under protection as a historical monument.
	www.topographie.de /en/mauer.htm (308 words)

	Michael von Aichberger - Unsere Nationale Volksarmee
		If the first border barrier, which mostly looks like a normal fence, is cleared, the border guard is urged to call out: "Stop, border guard, hands up!".
		In case the border violater is so close to the border that a call or a warning shot would gain him enough time to cross the border entirely, he has to be shot at immediately.
		Injured border violators have to be treated as follows: If the wounded person lies in front of the first barriers, he is to be brought to a safe area.
	www.aichberger.de /17-6E-Unsere-Nationale-Volksarmee.htm (1238 words)

	The German Border Guard Cases and International Human Rights
		According to the Unification Treaty, the law relevant to crimes committed on GDR territory prior to the date of unification was the criminal law of the GDR, unless the law of the Federal Republic of Germany was more favourable to the defendant.
		Thus, defendants invoked GDR law to establish that their actions had been lawful and could not be held to be criminal.
		In criminal matters the Unification Treaty provided that the law applicable to acts committed in GDR territory prior to the date of unification continued to be the criminal law of the GDR, unless in individual cases the criminal law of the Federal Republic was more favourable to the defendant.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol9/No3/art6.html (648 words)

	Germany - Of Fairy Tales and Fast Cars
		In 1989, after the dissolution of the border, the area was reopened to the public.
		On 17 June 1953, almost everywhere in GDR the population is in revolt.
		With the infamous Berlin Wall gone, it's not always easy to tell where the actual border was that once separated East from West although the true historical centre of the city is in the eastern half.
	www.geocities.com /minz7/Germany.html (4482 words)

	A2Z Languages: The Berlin wall, Germany
		On 24 August 1961, the first shooting and killing of a runaway by GDR border police occurred.
		The full extent of the system's cruelty became blatantly apparent on 17 August 1962 when 18-year-old Peter Fechtner was shot during his attempt to flee, then left to bleed to death with the East German police looking on.
		Initially, the GDR tried to completely seal itself off from the west, but over time restrictions for travel into East Berlin were loosened.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /Teenageprograms/berlin/berlin-wall.htm (581 words)

	A2Z Languages - Berlin, Germany - The Berlin Wall
		Nikita Khrushchev's decision to give responsibility for security in Berlin's Soviet sector to the GDR leader Walter Ulbricht and his Socialist Unity Party earlier that year led to the east germans building the wall on August 13, 1961.
		On August 24th 1961, the GDR border police shot and killed a person trying to run away.
		The full extent of the system's cruelty became apparent when 18-year-old Peter Fechtner was shot during his attempt to flee, then left to bleed to death with the East German police looking on.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /Germany/Berlin/berlin_wall.htm (482 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - German reunification
		The FRG and the GDR made competing claims to be the legitimate legal successors of the 1945 German state.
		The government of the GDR made it illegal for its citizens to leave the country, and built the GDR border system (Of which the Berlin Wall was a part) in 1961 to prevent them from doing so.
		The German "Einigungsvertrag" (Unification Treaty) was signed on August 31, 1990 by representatives of the FRG and GDR.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/German_reunification (1116 words)

	No. 91-D 126 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		On 14 March 1991, Soviet troops managed to extract the former East German premier despite a warrant for his arrest on charges of having ordered the GDR's border troops to shoot-to-kill those trying to escape his Leninist totalitarian regime.
		As reported the following day by the Center for Security Policy in a paper entitled "Nacht Und Nebel: The Honecker Affair," this feat was evidently accomplished in the best tradition of collusion between the German government and Soviet communists.
		It is therefore, high time that Washington recognize Russia, Ukraine and the other republics and the Commonwealth of Independent States; indeed, our break with the old Soviet order should not wait until 1 January 1992, but should occur at once.
	www.security-policy.org /papers/1991/91-D126.html (567 words)

	Celebrate! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		On exhibition is everyday life with the Wall in northern Treptow, the events of autumn 1989, the Wall border system and everyday life before and after the fall of the Wall.
		Photos by Thomas Kläber (Cottbus) and Uli von der Heidt (Essen) portray the events of 10 years ago from two perspectives: moods on the street in places like Leipzig, Berlin and Halle and the everyday signs of the declining GDR system.
		Panel discussion on the eve of the national day with representatives of the last GDR government and representatives of the first freely elected government of the country.
	www.peacecity1.com /10years.htm (1883 words)

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	www.KnowledgeStorm.com (840 words)

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