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Topic: GIS

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	Canadian Geographic Information Systems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Canadian Geographic Information Systems (CGIS) was developed in the 1950s and 1960s to assist in regulatory procedures of land-use management and resource monitoring.
		The simple automated computer processes designed to store and process large amounts of data enabled Canada to begin a national land-use management program and become a foremost promoter of GIS.
		The Canadian government and Tomlinson began working towards the development of a national program after a 1962 meeting between Tomlinson and Lee Pratt, head of the Canada Land Inventory (CLI).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canadian_GIS (470 words)

	Grass (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GRASS GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is an Open source geographic information system.
		Grass is slang for cannabis (marijuana) or for a criminal who informs on his accomplices.
		In popular language grass means a short, green, ground covering or lawn, usually, but not necessarily made of a "true grass" or grasses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grass_(disambiguation) (218 words)

	Geographic information system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A GIS was used to register and combine the two images to render the three-dimensional perspective view looking down the San Andreas Fault, using the Thematic Mapper image pixels, but shaded using the elevation of the landforms.
		For example, a GIS may be used to convert a satellite image map to a vector structure by generating lines around all cells with the same classification, while determining the cell spatial relationships, such as adjacency or inclusion.
		The GIS display depends on the viewing point of the observer and time of day of the display, to properly render the shadows created by the sun's rays at that latitude, longitude, and time of day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gis (5101 words)

	Gi
		GI was originally an abbreviation for Galvanized Iron, a US army clerks' term for items such as trash cans (which are galvanized), but later the abbreviation transformed to stand for "Government Issue"--all articles issued in conformity with US military regulations or procedures.
		In common American usage, GI is either an adjective used to describe government-issued products such as those used by the armed forces, or as a noun referring to American soldiers, especially US Army enlisted personnel.
		Still later the abbreviation transformed to refer to US soldiers themselves and the GI Joe toy was conceived on this idea.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Gi (469 words)

	GRASS GIS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is an open source, Free Software Geographical information system (GIS) with raster, topological vector, image processing, and graphics production functionality that operates on various platforms through a graphical user interface and shell in the X Window System.
		GRASS is currently used in academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as many governmental agencies including NASA, NOAA, USDA, DLR, CSIRO, the National Park Service, the U.S. Census Bureau, USGS, and many environmental consulting companies.
		GRASS is also being rewritten in Java as JGrass [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GRASS_GIS (324 words)

	ipedia.com: Geographic information system Article
		For example, a GIS may be used to convert a satellite image map to a vector structure by generating lines around all cells with the same classification, while determining the cell spatial relationships, such as adjacency or inclusion.
		For example, a GIS might allow emergency planners to easily calculate emergency response times in the event of a natural disaster, or a GIS might be used to find wetlands that need protection from pollution.
		GIS and related technology will help greatly in the management and analysis of these large volumes of data, allowing for better understanding of terrestrial processes and better management of human activities to maintain world economic vitality and environmental quality.
	www.ipedia.com /geographic_information_system.html (2345 words)

	notes1
		Canadian GIS was started in 1964, with a goal of concentrating land use, soils and water information of the vast, unexplored tracts of Canada.
		This is the most recent stage of GIS, where educated persons can use the technology to help solve problems for society.
		The Canadians were the first to use a scanner to input raster maps.
	maps.unomaha.edu /Peterson/GIS/notes/2-GISHistory.html (693 words)

	GeoWorld - Dec 99 - GIS Canada -- How Will the Canadian GIS Industry Fare in the New Millennium?
		Canadians are proud of their long and extensive experience with GIS and all the related sciences and technology collectively called "geomatics" in Canada.
		Canadian geographer Roger Tomlinson, under contract to the government of Canada, began developing CGIS in the mid-1960s when few people had even heard the term GIS.
		As with other things quintessentially Canadian (e.g., hockey, basketball and the telephone), after GIS is successfully popularized, Canadians must be prepared to no longer control GIS' destiny, but strive to remain active participants in its growth.
	www.geoplace.com /gw/1999/1299/1299can.asp (929 words)

	GI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GI or G.I., in American usage, "government-issued", meaning army enlisted personnel
		This page concerning a two-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page —a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
		Gilbert (Gb or Gi), a former CGS unit of magnetomotive force or magnetic potential
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/GI%2B(disambiguation) (250 words)

	Grass GIS
		The Grass GIS project was initiated by Mary Ann Cunningham of the Geology/Geography Department and our goal was to explore the functionality of and open-source alternative to the proprietary GIS software used in the labs.
		GRASS GIS, as an open source product, may be a useful asset in efforts to expand use and familiarity with open source software in general.
		During the meeting yesterday, various project goals were discussed for GRASS GIS, most of them geared towards getting a good demo up and running for those members of the faculty who may be interested in the program, but may not be familiar with GIS.
	mediacloisters.vassar.edu /grassgis (2951 words)

	GRASS GIS: A Useful Tool for the Mountain Cartographer
		GRASS Frequently Asked Questions: “Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data management, image processing, graphics production, spatial modelling, and visualization of many types of data.
		Moving data from GRASS to Photoshop is quite straightforward (with one significant exception) by employing one of the image formats supported by Photoshop.
		Raster data imported into GRASS may be in the form of integer data with 8, 16 or 32-bit precision, or floating point data.
	www.pdcarto.com /mtncarto02/GRASS.htm (2785 words)

	GIS Links
		GIS Dictionary - AGI dictionary of GIS terminology from the University of Edinburgh.
		GIS Specialty Group of the AAG - The GIS specialty group of the American Association of Geographers.
		GIS Data Depot - The largest collection of free GIS and remote sensing data, images, maps and software on the web.
	www.yorku.ca /bunchmj/pages/6189/rframelinks.html (2649 words)

	Introduction to Geographic Information Systems: Help Area for Spring 1999
		The GIS master bibliography project is an initiative undertaken by professor Duane Marble of Ohio State University to create a comprehensive bibliography of GIS related research and literature.
		GIS USA, Inc. is a collaboration of resources focused on providing cost efficient and effective GIS planning and analysis products and services for industry and government.
		Recognizing the centrality of GIS and remote sensing to environmental problem solving, the SNR is rapidly expanding its capacity for research, teaching, and training using these technologies.
	www.earthsensing.com /gis/resources/gishelp.html (3991 words)

	arl-announce: ARL Announces: Canadian GIS Project
		GIS is software with the capability of manipulating and analyzing spatially referenced data to create maps, images, or charts that reflect the relationship of data elements to geographic reference points.
		"Canadian university libraries are excited with the prospect of having been included in the ARL GIS Literacy Project," says Ernie Ingles, Director of Libraries at the University of Alberta and coordinator of the Project in Canada.
		These participating Canadian libraries, like the U.S. participants in Phases I and II, have committed to undertake a significant local effort to explore GIS applications with library users and to serve as resources centers and centers of excellence for GIS information for other libraries that may choose to offer GIS services.
	www.cni.org /Hforums/arl-announce/1995/0007.html (614 words)

	Free GIS Data - GIS Data Depot
		Using USGS DEMs in ArcView GIS - As GIS technology goes mainstream, we at the GeoCommunity have found a dramatic increase in the number of people downloading freely available data only to then be stumped when it comes to actually viewing or using the data.
		Data that is particularly troublesome for users is USGS SDTS formatted data.
		Data is available in 30m & 90m resolution data tiles.
	data.geocomm.com (614 words)

	Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Poster
		Two types of data were combined in a GIS to produce a perspective view of a part of San Mateo County, Calif. The digital elevation model, consisting of surface elevations recorded on a 30-meter horizontal grid, shows high elevations as white and low elevations as black (fig.
		For example, a GIS can be used to convert a satellite image map to a vector structure by generating lines around all cells with the same classification, while determining the spatial relationships of the cell, such as adjacency or inclusion (fig.
		A GIS was used to combine road network and earth science information to analyze the effect of an earthquake on the response time of fire and rescue squads.
	erg.usgs.gov /isb/pubs/gis_poster (614 words)

	An Introduction to GRASS GIS: Home Page
		This project aims to utilize GRASS to aid Integrated Science and Technology (ISAT) students and faculty at James Madison University in visualizing and analyzing GIS data.
		GIS technology integrates visualization, geographic analysis and database operations, making them unique compared to other computer-based information systems.
		GRASS operates on various platforms and is released under GNU General Public License (GPL).
	www.isat.jmu.edu /env/edss/grass (418 words)

	- Grass GIS
		GRASS and ArcView both support many different import data formats, but the direct exchange of data between the two packages is not always possible.
		Perhaps the most important difference between GRASS and ArcView is that GRASS is raster data software with vector data functionalities and ArcView is vector data software with raster data functionalities (through its Spatial Analyst raster extension).
		The command line version of GRASS was originally developed in a UNIX environment; an experimental Windows version of GRASS was released by Baylor and Hanover Universities.
	www.africanconservation.org /dcforum/DCForumID13/27.html (373 words)

	GRASS GIS - UNIX & Open Source
		Grass Gis 6 is the GIS solution for every Macintosh.
		Now to work with Grass is much more easy: new GUI (GIS Manager) in AQUA environment with menu up like a normal Mac application (or in X11 environment in the same code).
		Grass Gis 6 is totally a new product.
	www.apple.com /downloads/macosx/unix_open_source/grassgis.html (288 words)

	GRASS GIS 6.0
		29 December 2005: GRASS GIS 6.0.2RC1 released - bugfix release - Announcement
		6 January 2006: GRASS GIS 6.0.2RC4 released - bugfix release - Announcement
		3 January 2006: GRASS GIS 6.0.2RC3 released - bugfix release - Announcement
	grass.itc.it /grass60/index.php (595 words)

	Purdue AGEN 526: Introduction to GRASS
		Rather, a GRASS database is a hierarchal set of subdirectories, each with numerous files that are created automatically as one requests each new analyses.
		GRASS stores spatial data in three formats: raster data, tabular and vector data.
		The advantages of GRASS are its rich array of data analysis functions, its low cost (public domain software), and the growing libraries of available data sets.
	pasture.ecn.purdue.edu /~engelb/agen526/GRASS/Index.html (522 words)

	GeoWorld - Jan 2000 - Edge Nodes -- How Canada Gave GIS to the World and Then Lost Almost Everything
		Concerning human resources, we may expect the "brain drain" of Canadian GIS researchers to the United States to continue and perhaps accelerate.
		True, they're all synonyms for GIS, and geomatics aims at something broader, but now we have the term "GIScience." In French, this must be "IGScience," but the difference is rather minimal, as there aren't even any accents to worry about.
		The first GIS is generally recognized as having been developed in:
	www.geoplace.com /gw/2000/0100/0100edg.asp (1247 words)

	Digital Consortia - Maps and Air Photos
		CDED (Canadian Digital Elevation Data) comprise raster data from NTDB contours at the 1:50 000 and 1:250 000 scales.
		Canmatrix is composed of raster data from scanned maps of Canada at the 1:50,000 and 1:250,000 scales.
		Through the SMART (Spatial Mapping Academic Research Tools) program, DMTI Spatial is providing access to their files to a consortium of Canadian universities and colleges.
	library.queensu.ca /webdoc/maps/dml/dml_dc.htm (1001 words)

	- DMTI Spatial - {SMART Program}
		On May 28th, 2002, Grace Welch President of the Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives presented DMTI Spatial a Certificate of Appreciation in "recognition of their substantial and innovative contribution to the teaching and study of GIS in post-secondary institutions through the provision of affordable access to high-quality geospatial data".
		Canada's leading GIS solutions provider, DMTI Spatial, announced its involvement with Canada's academic community in their efforts to provide over 40 Canadian Universities and Colleges with access to DMTI Spatial CanMap® Street map and routing data product line.
		Road networks are complete and reference both addresses and the routing information that is key to many GIS applications.
	www.dmtispatial.com /smart_prog.htm (592 words)

	Biographies
		Although Colleen's interests in map librarianship have been contemporary, such as GIS service issues, she has recently developed an interest in digitization projects as a means of preservation.
		She is also the Chair of the Canadian Map Exhibit C ommittee for ICA 2005, the co- editor of Cartouche, the Newsletter of the CCA and serves on the Board of Director of Canadian Council on Ecological Areas.
		She is currently the Past-President of the Canadian Cartographic Association, a recipient of the CCA Awards of Distinction for Contribution to Cartography in 1995.
	staff.library.mun.ca /CARTO2005/Biographies.html (3169 words)

	Canadian Geographer, The: The ghost in the machine: spatial data, information and knowledge in GIS.
		For those of you who lean toward the latter perspective this issue serves as an oeuvre to GIS and spatial representation as a way of communicating and integrating data from multiple disciplines.
		Canadian Geographer, The: The ghost in the machine: spatial data, information and knowledge in GIS.
		It has been a number of years since a paper on geographic information science (GIS) (as opposed to applications) appeared in The Canadian Geographer--a long dry spell or relief from an increasingly technical disciplinary focus, depending on your point of view.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_go1949/is_200303/ai_n8664336 (218 words)

	Canadian Interoperability Day — EOGEO
		Canadian agencies, organizations and companies are invited to attend Canadian Interoperability Day to learn about, witness and discuss the use of the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) and the OpenGIS Specifications that are a central part of the CGDI's standards infrastructure.
		Vendors of GIS and other geoprocessing systems will showcase their products working together, demonstrating the benefits of interoperability enabled by open interfaces and encodings that comply with OGC's OpenGIS Specifications.
		As part the the April OGC TC/PC Meetings, PCI Geomatics and GeoConnections are sponsoring a Canadian Interoperability Day, a one-day event on April 23 to be held at the same location.
	www.eogeo.org /Event.2004-03-08.6413430240/view (208 words)

	gi
		Historical origin GI was originally an abbreviation for Galvanized Iron GI Joe toy was conceived on this idea.
		For other meanings of the word "giant", see Giant (disambiguation) Giants are humanoid creatures of prodigious size and strength, a type of legendary monster that appear in the tales of many different races and cultures Oscar Wilde 's giants, are intelligent and friendly.
		The basic premise being good vs. evil, GI Joe is America COBRA Organization, a terrorist G.I. Joes represent characters of all branches of the United States military Cobras, also produced by Hasbro and marketed under the G.I. Joe The original G.I. Joe Action Figures were toys similar to Barbie MP Action Man.
	www.en-cyclopedia.com /index1/gi (2300 words)

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