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Topic: GNU Hurd

	The GNU Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
		The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar kernels (such as Linux).
		For all intents and purposes, the Hurd is a modern Unix-like kernel.
	www.gnu.org /software/hurd/hurd.html (674 words)

	GNU - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The GNU project was announced publicly on September 27, 1983, on the net.unix-wizards [1] and net.usoft newsgroups.
		GNU Hurd is the set of programs or services running on top of a microkernel (GNU currently uses the GNU Mach microkernel, but efforts to port Hurd to the L4 microkernel are currently ongoing).
		The "GNU" in GNU Hurd indicates that it is a part of the GNU project, while "GNU/Hurd" distinguishes it as one of the two currently available GNU systems--that is, Linux-based GNU systems (or "GNU/Linux") as opposed to Hurd-based GNU systems (or "GNU/Hurd").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GNU (1930 words)

	GNU Hurd - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to Thomas Bushnell, the initial Hurd architect, their early plan was to adapt the BSD 4.4-Lite kernel and, in hindsight, "It is now perfectly obvious to me that this would have succeeded splendidly and the world would be a very different place today" [1].
		Because of this slow pace, the GNU userland components came to be used with the Linux kernel and are now commonly associated with "Linux" systems (see also GNU/Linux naming controversy).
		GNU Mach is currently used as the microkernel, but efforts are underway to port the Hurd to the more modern L4 microkernel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GNU_Hurd (1372 words)

	GNU Hurd: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The gnu general public license (gnu gpl or simply gpl) is a free software license, originally written by richard stallman for the gnu project (a...
		Gnu mach is the default microkernel in the gnu hurd kernel (computers)kernel of the gnu operating system....
		Gnu m4 is the gnu version of the m4 macro preprocessor....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gn/gnu_hurd2.htm (2669 words)

	Debian -- Debian GNU/Hurd --- Hurd-CDs
		The kernel is GNU Mach not the Hurd.
		Both the Hurd and GNU Mach are part of the GNU project while the Linux kernel is an independent project.
		As GNU also uses the cross install method, this meant that the scripts to build the GNU installation CDs could be adapted from the Debian GNU/Linux boot and CD scripts so that the GNU rather than the GNU/Linux tarball would be unpacked.
	www.debian.org /ports/hurd/hurd-cd (1308 words)

	The GNU Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		This year the GNU Hurd had again been assigned one slot within the Google Summer of Code program, which was assigned to the task design and implement libchannel, a library for streams.
		The GNU Hurd's design was motivated by a desire to rectify a number of observed shortcomings in Unix.
		To increase extensibility and integration, the Hurd adopts an object-based architecture and defines interfaces, which, in particular those for the composition of and access to name spaces, are virtualizable.
	hurd.gnu.org (801 words)

	The GNU Hurd:
		The Hurd servers, which run on top of the Mach microkernel, implement the functionality that is usually found in a Unix-like kernel.
		For example, fork() is not implemented by any Hurd server, but in the C library directly, which uses Mach and Hurd server primitives to create a mirror image of the current process.
		Although the GNU C library provides a POSIX personality on top of the Hurd, and this is the main personality of the Hurd today, there is no reasons why other libraries shouldn't use the Hurd server's functionality to provide a compatibility layer to some other API.
	www.ukuug.org /events/linux2002/papers/html/hurd (4293 words)

	Just GNU
		Given that GNU was around long before Linux and is the source of the majority of the code, etc. I think it would be reasonable to expect major players like IBM, RedHat, Caldera (ha ha ha), etc. to make some note of it in their advertising.
		Similarly, BSD with a GNU-software kernel is not GNU, it is BSD with a GNU-software kernel.
		GNU is the name of a specific operating system which uses the GNU Hurd as its kernel.
	www.advogato.org /article/711.html (5767 words)

	GNU Hurd
		Hurd is an acronym for "Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons".
		Hurd would provide the advantages of using Microkernels, such as easy porting to additional architectures, and easy SMP support.
		Hurd is just about the only thing still depending on the Mach microkernel, with the result that there are only tiny numbers of people that care about it being ported to newer and better hardware.
	cbbrowne.com /info/hurd.html (891 words)

	GNU/Hurd Hardware Compatibility Guide
		GNU Mach is the current microkernel in use by the GNU/Hurd operating system which uses GNU Hurd as a set of server replacements for the standard UN*X kernel.
		Some devices are supported in kernel space by GNU Mach, others are supported in userspace by a GNU Hurd translator.
		GNU Hurd will also run, with a few glibc modifications, on any architecture that has a Mach microkernel, Mach 3 or newer, such as PowerPC.
	www.nongnu.org /thug/gnumach_hardware.html#VideoCards (1184 words)

	The easy guide to installing Hurd on a Linux box
		This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the license, or (at your option) any later version.
		Hurd uses different partition names to Linux, and this can be confusing.
		Hurd mounts are permanent between boots, which is really useful.
	www.pick.ucam.org /~mcv21/hurd.html (1475 words)

	Copyleft for Linux CD-ROM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Hurd is a kernel (technically a set of servers which run on a micro kernel) which can used in a GNU/Hurd installation.
		All the Hurd binaries are included in the standard Debian format which means that they are dpkg, dselect and apt ready.
		When we started developing the Hurd in 1990, the question facing us was, ``How can we get a free kernel for the GNU system?'' There was no free Unix-like kernel then, and we knew of no other plan to write one.
	www.copyleft.co.nz /hurd.html (682 words)

	The Hurd Interfaces (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They define the remote procedure calls (RPCs) that are used by the servers, the GNU C library and the utility programs to communicate with the Hurd system and to implement the POSIX personality of the Hurd as well as other features.
		He is one of maintainers of the GNU Hurd project and the initiator of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary distribution.
		He designed and implemented the console subsystem of the Hurd, wrote the FAT filesystem server, and fixed a lot of bugs, thus increasing the stability and usability of the system.
	www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca /events/MC2066-2002-10-26-3:00PM.html (204 words)

	GNU/Hurd - Neowin.net
		The Hurd is a collection of servers running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel, implementing various services that operating systems usually offer, like file system access and networking.
		GNU is a project started in 1985 by Richard M. Stallman for the creation of a Free operating system resembling Unix.
		GNU Mach and Hurd were in development from 1990, long before the GNU developers heard about Linux, but they decided to continue working on it because of its superior architecture.
	www.neowin.net /forum/index.php?showtopic=280750 (1002 words)

	GNU Hurd information
		There is now an Official GNU Hurd web page as part of the GNU web pages Future changes, updates, &c.
		An article in UNIXopen about GNU Hurd (among other FSF things) (listing of articles) written by Martin Michlmayr.
		Erich Boleyn is part of our local group, and has several ideas for the Hurd including an elaborate exec server and an emulation system He is also working on a new boot mechanism for multi-server systems, GRUB.
	web.cecs.pdx.edu /~trent/gnu/hurd (530 words)

	Hurd Web links (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The relationship between the Hurd and Linux (by Richard Stallman; in french too) {very short article why Linux is not The GNU kernel}
		Hurd files description (by Michael Oberg) {This file contains every C file in the Hurd Hierarchy, with the attached description pulled from the first comment in the file}
		GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.
	www.fprintf.net /hurd (1416 words)

	The Hurd Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Hurd is the GNU replacement for UNIX and Linux "kernels." It is a collection of servers that run on top of the GNU Mach microkernel to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and other features that are today implemented by the Unix, Linux or other kernels.
		The Hurd supplies the last piece needed for a complete GNU operating system as originally conceived by Richard M Stallman (RMS) in 1983.
		The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has guided the evolution of the Free Software Foundation (FSF), the organization that is the home of the entire GNU project.
	hurd.gnufans.org - !http: //hurd.gnufans.org (900 words)

	Towards a New Strategy of OS Design
		Some of the protocols specified by the Hurd are the I/O protocol, used for generic I/O operations; the file protocol, used for filesystem operations; the socket protocol, used for network operations; and the process protocol, used for manipulating processes et al.
		The GNU C Library has features for keeping track of the controlling terminal and for arranging to have proper job control signals sent at the proper times, as well as features for obeying keyboard and hangup signals.
		The GNU C Library lists a variety of ports in a table, each of which identifies a set of signals that can be sent by anyone who possesses that port.
	www.cs.pdx.edu /~trent/gnu/hurd/hurd-paper.html (4235 words)

	GNU's Not Unix!
		Manuals for GNU software are available at several places on the web, including Delorie Software (this looks to be the most comleat), Ohio State, Virginia Tech and Cambridge University.
		Most of the GNU tools are a standard part of all Linux systems, There is also lots of other free software (copylefted or otherwise) that has been written, check out the Linux Software Map.
		I have been told that the previous Amiga GNU site I had listed is not as up to date.
	web.cecs.pdx.edu /~trent/gnu (1008 words)

	The GNU Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		If you want to contribute to the Hurd, you should first install and use it for a while, to become familiar with its features and design.
		To join the development team, subscribe to the Bug-Hurd mailing list, which is also the place where you can announce your intentions, make your proposals and send in your patches.
		There is also an older (but still valid) list of specific items in the task file and in the TODO file of the Hurd source repository.
	www.gnu.org /software/hurd/devel.html (315 words)

	GNU/Hurd: System V Shared Memory Implemented (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Incoporating Linux code into the Hurd is less easy, for one because the FSF requires copyright assignments for non-trivial contributions (as for the other GNU projects) and also because the Hurd runs in user space while Linux is kernel space by definition; their targets are thus different.
		I think the Hurd is in the process of switching over to the L4 kernel and Mach is being abandoned.
		It was always the goal of the Hurd to explore the limits of operating system design, device drivers are considered a necessary evil to get the system working on real world hardware by the core developers.
	kerneltrap.org /node/5428 (1004 words)

	UGN Security BBS: Debian GNU/Hurd (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Description: The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
		So I excepect the Hurd Kernel is an attempt to get some well deserved credit back in the mind of Richard Stallman/The GNU people.
		The GNU has developemed many products that far exceed their comercial counter parts in quality over the years.
	www.undergroundnews.com /cgi-bin/ubbcgi/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=9;t=000092;p=0 (466 words)

	FOSDEM 2005 Hurd Developers' Mini-Symposium
		We are pursuing the latter approach in the Hurd on L4.
		The GNU Hurd, compared with the well-established Linux kernel, is still in development and less stable, but has some interesting features like file systems implemented in user space and a flexible authentication system which aim at providing its user with more freedom than traditional Unix-like systems.
		The talk will introduce the GNU Hurd and cover the history of the Debian GNU/Hurd port and its current state.
	people.debian.org /~neal/FOSDEM-2005 (639 words)

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